Deck 9: Greek Humanism, 800-100 BCE

Question 1

The Empirical Method involved collecting information by which of the following methods?

A)Praying to the known polytheistic religious gods and goddesses.
B)Meditating on the the inner self to develop a sense of knowledge.
C)Using random processes to explain an orderly universe.
D)Use of the five senses to observe facts regarding the external world.
E)Travel to remote areas to consult with wise men for answers to life's questions.

Answer 1

Use of the five senses to observe facts regarding the external world.

Question 2

What is meant by the term "Socratic method" in reference to modern teaching methodologies?

A)That teaching style looks for practical methods to solve problems aimed at improving society.
B)The Socratic method uses problematic questioning that challenges students to go beyond what they think they know.
C)The Socratic method concentrates on learning the basic mathematical and scientific laws and theories.
D)That style stresses examination of theories over finding practical uses for knowledge.
E)That style of teaching uses a theoretical basis that demands much written work of students.

Answer 2

The Socratic method uses problematic questioning that challenges students to go beyond what they think they know.

Question 3

The field most affected by Alexander's expansion of his empire into the Middle East was that of

A)the arts.
B)religion.
C)science.
D)literature.
E)business.

Answer 3

science.

Question 4

Which field of study reflects the greatest contributions made by the Empiricists?

A)Philosophy.
B)Mathematics.
C)Medicine.
D)Sociology.
E)Astronomy.

Question 5

For the ancient Greeks, "philosophy" might best have been defined as

A)logical thinking and resultant scientific research.
B)the love of knowledge for its practical purposes.
C)scientific research into the human mind.
D)questioning of authority.
E)examination of all aspects of knowledge.

Question 6

A true epicurean, in the original sense of the word, would have

A)thrown him/herself into politics for the good of the community.
B)worked tirelessly to ensure the equal treatment of all citizens.
C)shunned earthly wealth in favor of living a simple, austere life.
D)searched endlessly for the natural laws governing human life.
E)spent much time examining his/her own personal life, trying to achieve serenity in all things.

Question 7

The Greeks who adopted the mystery religions believed that a defiance of Fate was

A)usually justified.
B)completely useless.
C)important for achieving one's own goals in life.
D)not without consequences for the wealthy and influential among them.
E)only for the wealthy and influential.

Question 8

Eratosthenes did his greatest work in the field of

A)geography.
B)mathematics.
C)astronomy.
D)physics.
E)medicine.

Question 9

A new element was introduced by the various mystery religions, that of

A)dependence on the gods to intervene on humans' behalf.
B)faith rather than reason as their basis for everything.
C)the promise of wealth in this world in exchange for blind obedience.
D)a strong sense of security.
E)free will.

Question 10

As time progressed, how did the Greeks view their gods and goddesses?

A)The religion was very important to the spiritual growth of the country.
B)They became merely symbolic, with little influence on the people.
C)The gods were always good and strong so should be emulated.
D)They became much more human-like.
E)The gods and goddesses were more or less forgotten.

Question 11

Which of these statements about early Greece is true?

A)Though the Greeks seldom practiced their religion in public, they believed strongly in an afterlife.
B)Priests and priestesses in many places completely replaced the gods and goddesses.
C)Educated Greeks came to believe that the stories of the gods' behaviors in earlier times were myths.
D)They viewed human life in this world as much more dependent on whims of their gods and goddesses than on what they themselves could accomplish.
E)They created a priestly class, or caste, so that their priests and priestesses could grow in power.

Question 12

Despite the modern meaning of the title, what best describes Plato's political ideal as presented in The Republic ?

A)Government should be liberal.
B)Anarchy, or no government at all, was best..
C)Anti-democratic government ruled by philosopher-kings was best..
D)Government should be tyrannical to keep rebellion under control.
E)Government should be conservative to preserve the best of society.

Question 13

Which of these is the correct statement?

A)Socrates taught Aristotle, and Aristotle taught Plato.
B)Aristotle taught Socrates, and Socrates taught Plato.
C)Socrates taught Plato, and Plato taught Aristotle.
D)Plato taught Aristotle, and Aristotle taught Socrates.
E)Plato taught Socrates, and Socrates taught Aristotle.

Question 14

Pre-Socratic philosophers were primarily concerned with

A)investigating the physical world.
B)comparing political systems.
C)analyzing ethical problems.
D)deriving meaning from the arts.
E)studying political systems.

Question 15

The early Greeks' attitudes toward the technological aspects of science would best be described as

A)indifferent.
B)excited.
C)competitive.
D)combative.
E)extensive.

Question 16

What is Hippocrates, the first empiricist of modern science, known as?

A)The true originator of the Socratic Method.
B)The originator of the concept of natural evolution.
C)The author of some of the major Greek lyrical poetry of his era.
D)The person who coined the phrase natural law.
E)The father of scientific medicine.

Question 17

Which of the following was not introduced by the classical Greeks?

A)epic poetry
B)sculpture of the human form
C)drama
D)the novel
E)classical architecture

Question 18

The philosophy of Stoicism was the product of

A)a freed slave.
B)Plato's most well known pupil.
C)a Spartan leader.
D)a Persian merchant.
E)an Athenian naval admiral.

Question 19

The Greeks would most likely have defined hubris as

A)political ineptitude.
B)social climbing.
C)unwarranted overconfidence.
D)overarching ambition.
E)jealousy.

Question 20

The Greeks' idea of the golden mean could be defined as which of the following?

A)It is best to avoid extremes in thought and action and seek the moderation in all things.
B)Gold will make a person mean and greedy with "gold fever" and therefore cannot be trusted.
C)Radical measures were the best way to deal with problems.
D)Moderation and patience were signs of weakness and therefore should be avoided.
E)Humans could be expected to be perfect if they followed the fates and Greek gods.

Question 21

Greek philosophy is divided into the ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________ periods.

Question 22

The group of Greek women who benefitted most when the Romans took control were

A)slave women.
B)middle class women.
C)upper class women.
D)military wives.
E)business women.

Question 23

What was the most common situation for females in ancient Greece?

A)Spartan women became warriors alongside their men.
B)Athenian women of good repute stayed at home and out of the public eye.
C)Rural women would conduct business inside the poleis.
D)Athenian women enjoyed citizenship and all the rights associated with such status.
E)They were responsible for some of the greatest scientific achievements of the Greeks.

Question 24

In ancient Greece, slavery affected both Greeks and foreigners and was most commonly the result of ____________________.

Question 25

____________________ was the father-figure and ruler among the Greek deities.

Question 26

Pre-Socratic philosophy laid major emphasis on

A)aesthetics.
B)political balance.
C)generalized inquiry.
D)natural law.
E)mathematical logic.

Question 27

The extraordinary Antikythera Mechanism found off the coast of Greece was made out of what material?

A)Bronze.
B)Wood.
C)Carbon fiber.
D)Stone.
E)Steel.

Question 28

Apollo was the god of

A)war.
B)the Sea.
C)the sun.
D)the afterlife.
E)rain.

Question 29

How did Greek slavery change over time?

A)It became hereditary.
B)The silver mines came to be worked by debtor slaves.
C)The number of slaves decreased dramatically.
D)Skilled craftsmen were enslaved so that their masters could profit from their artistry.
E)Most came to be used as farm labor.

Question 30

Christian and Muslim scholars viewed ____________________ as the "Master" of science and philosophy.

Question 31

The Greek philosophy of ____________________ could be summed up as the goal of avoiding pain, seeking pleasure, and finding inner peace by self-discovery.

Question 32

In the third century B.C.E., a museum and library were established for the advancement of all types of studies by Hellenistic scientists. In which city was this famous center of learning and research?

A)Constantinople, Greece.
B)Jerusalem, Israel.
C)Babylon, Mesopotamia.
D)Alexandria, Egypt.
E)Rome, Italy.

Question 33

Which of the following best describes Greece during Plato's lifetime?

A)peaceful
B)prosperous
C)in constant turmoil
D)isolated
E)Both A and D.

Question 34

Plato's analytic treatise on ideal politics was ____________________.

Question 35

What is one noticeable difference between Hellenic and Hellenistic art and literature?

A)Hellenistic literature built on the successes of the Hellenic period and became even greater.
B)Hellenistic art seemed more boastful and pretentious than Hellenic art.
C)Stone and bronze sculpture reached its apex in Hellenic times.
D)Hellenistic artists were more subdued and conservative than Hellenic ones.
E)More expressive art came out of the Hellenic era, because the people were much wealthier.

Question 36

Tried and found guilty of corrupting the youth of Athens, Socrates was forced to ____________________.

Question 37

The gods would rain down disaster on a man who exhibited overconfidence, or ____________________.

Question 38

Greek ____________________ were treasured all over the world and held both wine and olive oil.

Question 39

The classical attitude toward male homosexuality might best be described as one of

A)condemnation.
B)disgust.
C)enthusiastic encouragement.
D)acceptance.
E)disbelief.

Question 40

Hellenistic towns were centers of ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 41

Term for identification: Socrates

Question 42

Term for identification: cynicism

Question 43

Identify the most significant contributions of Greek philosophy to the modern civilized world.

Question 44

Term for identification: Plato

Question 45

Explain Greek society including issues of gender and class.

Question 46

Discuss and elaborate on the strengths of Greek art and literature.

Question 47

Term for identification: Apollo

Question 48

Term for identification: Zeus

Question 49

Hellenic culture is often considered to be a "high point in the history of the western world." Would you agree? Why or why not?

Question 50

Term for identification: Athena

Question 51

Term for identification: humanistic

Question 52

Term for identification: Archimedes

Question 53

How did religion serve the Greeks and how does religion change over time?

Question 54

Term for identification: Euclid

Question 55

Discuss and elaborate on the three major periods of Greek Philosophy. Consider natural, philosophical, and political aspects of Greek philosophy in your response.

Question 56

Term for identification: Eratosthenes and Strabo