Deck 23: Religious Divisions and Political Consolidation in Europe

Question 1

The Act of Supremacy (1534)

A)dissolved English monasteries.
B)gave the English monarch authority over the Church within England.
C)declared the Pope deposed.
D)put England in the Lutheran camp.
E)settled the Investiture Controversy.

Answer 1

gave the English monarch authority over the Church within England.

Question 2

The one thing that most upset other Christians about the Anabaptists was

A)their ideas about sharing that sounded a bit like what would later be called communism.
B)a belief in adult baptism.
C)their rapid spread through Europe that threatened the Calvinist movement.
D)their rejection of the teachings of Ulrich Zwingli.
E)a belief about infant baptism.

Answer 2

their ideas about sharing that sounded a bit like what would later be called communism.

Question 3

The major significance of England's Glorious Revolution was that

A)the people actually pushed for the calling of William and Mary to take the helm.
B)William and Mary became beloved leaders who ruled for several decades.
C)England obtained a standing army and kept it, even during times of peace.
D)Parliament, representing the people, took sovereignty away from the British monarch for good.
E)Elizabeth was removed from the throne.

Answer 3

Parliament, representing the people, took sovereignty away from the British monarch for good.

Question 4

As Lord Protector of England, Oliver Cromwell

A)enjoyed the support of a large majority of the population.
B)required high taxes to quell numerous rebellions, including those in Ireland and Scotland.
C)was less successful than his son, who succeeded him.
D)enjoyed cordial relations with the Parliament.
E)oversaw the restoration of Charles II to the throne.

Question 5

In Scotland, John Knox is best known for

A)supporting Mary Queen of Scots against Elizabeth I.
B)introducing the ideas of the German, Martin Luther.
C)trying to help bring James II back to power.
D)openly protesting the actions of Henry VIII.
E)the founding of Presbyterianism.

Question 6

What was the main difference between Calvinism and most previous Christian movements?

A)The belief in justification by faith.
B)The concept of predestination of souls.
C)How to achieve salvation through works.
D)Who determines correct Bible interpretation.
E)Who was responsible for original sin.

Question 7

Much more than Lutheranism, the Calvinist faith succeeded in becoming

A)Episcopal.
B)nationalistic.
C)liberal.
D)international.
E)conservative.

Question 8

The Council of Trent

A)met for almost ten years.
B)examined and clarified doctrines and goals of the Catholic church.
C)established the Jesuit order.
D)reversed the church's position on Luther.
E)included numerous Protestant observers.

Question 9

Which of these was not a major reason for German church support for reform within the Church?

A)The existence of many small principalities too weak to fight Church leadership.
B)Forced taxation by Rome.
C)The charismatic sermons delivered by Martin Luther to the German poor.
D)The desire of many German princes to find a just cause for challenging Roman authority.
E)The anger of German government leaders that the money they sent to Rome was being used to pursue goals they did not support.

Question 10

Which of the following statements was not true of Calvinism?

A)By about 1570, Calvinists had gained control of most of Europe, including France and England.
B)Calvinists believed that the church body could choose as well as change their pastors at will.
C)Calvinists did not develop a clerical hierarchy, but there were elected elders.
D)Calvinists believed that they must defy secular laws if those laws conflicted with God's word.
E)The governing body of the church included both clerical leaders and ordinary members.

Question 11

What was the overall message conveyed by Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan ?

A)Humanity would find its way to a better future.
B)Humanity could make more progress once religion was abolished.
C)Humanity was irredeemably stained by original sin.
D)Humanity by nature would do good if taught to do so.
E)Humanity recognized its need for a strong government to maintain control of society.

Question 12

Who is credited with turning the Protestant movement into an international theological rebellion against Rome?

A)Queen Elizabeth.
B)Henry VIII.
C)Martin Luther.
D)John Calvin.
E)Joan of Arc.

Question 13

Which two countries were the big winners of the Thirty Years' War?

A)England and Holland.
B)Spain and Portugal.
C)England and Spain.
D)France and Sweden.
E)Austria and Holland.

Question 14

The monarch that tried to return England to Catholicism was

A)Henry.
B)Mary.
C)Edward.
D)Elizabeth.
E)Richard.

Question 15

The first modern peace treaty was that of

A)Nantes.
B)Bohemia.
C)Paris.
D)Westphalia.
E)Utrecht.

Question 16

What was the main issue that sparked the Lutheran Reformation?

A)Papal defiance of the emperor.
B)Immorality in convents and monasteries.
C)The sales of indulgences.
D)Salvation through works.
E)The Investiture Controversy.

Question 17

Why was absolute monarchy able to develop more effectively in Eastern Europe?

A)Eastern Europe had unstable borders.
B)There was a broader middle-class expansion.
C)There were too many Muslim-Christian conflicts.
D)Because of the ability of noble landlords to maintain feudalism.
E)Mostly because of a lack of education on the part of the peasants.

Question 18

Some Calvinists considered the Anglican church to be too close to Catholicism. What was the group called that wanted still more reform?

A)Lollards.
B)Anabaptists.
C)Mennonites.
D)Puritans.
E)Heretics.

Question 19

What was the clearest difference between Lutheranism and Catholicism?

A)The adherence to predestination.
B)The concept of the Trinity.
C)The belief in justification by faith.
D)Acceptance of royal supremacy.
E)The insistence on adult baptism.

Question 20

The triumph of Lutheranism was brought about in part by

A)Luther's tremendous popularity with Church authorities.
B)Luther's strong defense by the prince of Saxony.
C)the printing press.
D)Both A and B.
E)Both B and C.

Question 21

The first attempt to return the Catholic church to its basic ideas since Roman times was the ____________________.

Question 22

Ignatius of Loyola is associated with the founding of the ____________________ Order.

Question 23

The Lutheran Reformation was, in the end, basically confined to ____________________.

Question 24

Which dynasty ruled Russia from 1613-1917?

A)Habsburg.
B)Hohenzollern.
C)Romanov.
D)Muscovite.
E)Han.

Question 25

Which of the following was true of Maria Theresa?

A)She chose to divide her empire into provinces in order to decentralize the government.
B)Under her leadership, Austria won Silesia during the War of the Austrian Succession.
C)She abdicated in favor of her son Joseph when he came of age in 1780.
D)Contemporaries suggested the empress regretted that she selected Joseph over his brother Leopold.
E)She was the first and only female Austrian leader.

Question 26

Cardinal Richelieu set up a network of informants who reported to the French king's ministers. The informants were known as ____________________.

Question 27

The main goal of the Jesuits was

A)to seek out and destroy texts listed on the Index of forbidden books.
B)to educate people so they could bring souls into or back into the Catholic church through education.
C)to help bring sinners to justice during the Inquisition.
D)to educate the world as to the major differences between Catholics and Protestants.
E)to assist Ignatius of Loyola in obtaining papal permission to found their new religious order.

Question 28

Philip II of Spain had his greatest success with

A)maintaining the Netherlands as a Catholic stronghold.
B)incorporating all of Italy into his empire.
C)defeating the Ottoman Turks in the Mediterranean.
D)maintaining a close relationship with England despite his fruitless courting of Queen Elizabeth.
E)extracting as much gold and silver from the New World as was available.

Question 29

The most concrete result of the Glorious Revolution was the creation of the ____________________.

Question 30

What was one of the major accomplishments of the Prussian ruler Frederick William, the Great Elector?

A)He led Prussia through the Seven Years' War.
B)He doubled the revenues available to his country.
C)He established Prussia's first professional standing army.
D)He helped defeat Austria during the Seven Years' War.
E)He attempted to end feudalism in his domains.

Question 31

The ____________________ ended the German Civil War between Catholics and Lutherans.

Question 32

The Index , the Inquisition, and the Jesuits all formed a part of which of the following?

A)Lutheranism.
B)Anglicanism.
C)Calvinism.
D)The Counter-Reformation.
E)Protestantism.

Question 33

The English monarch King Henry VIII was declared the supreme head of the ____________________ by the Act of Supremacy of Church in 1534.

Question 34

Mennonites and Amish derive from a Reformation movement known as ____________________.

Question 35

A major legacy of the Reformation was

A)the unification of Germany.
B)long periods of international peace.
C)civil war in several countries.
D)increased religious tolerance.
E)greater emphasis on literacy and education.

Question 36

Louis XIV's palace from which he wielded absolute power was ____________________.

Question 37

In which country did the Edict of Nantes grant limited toleration for Protestants?

A)England.
B)Spain.
C)Germany.
D)France.
E)Switzerland.

Question 38

Which of the following did not result from the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588?

A)It signaled the breakup of Spain's empire.
B)It showed that England should also be considered as one of the world's great powers.
C)It gave the French Protestants hope for their future.
D)The Spanish turned even more toward their empire in the American Southwest.
E)It suggested the end of Spain as a military power.

Question 39

In an attempt to reclaim England for Catholicism, and for himself, the Spanish king suffered the destruction of his ____________________ in 1588.

Question 40

All of these were legacies of the Reformation EXCEPT

A)a higher literacy rate.
B)an emphasis on the individual's moral responsibility.
C)a closer relationship between ordinary church members and their clergy.
D)an increased tolerance for other peoples and other points of view.
E)more conflicts as nationalism became more prevalent.

Question 41

Term for identification: Hanoverian Dynasty

Question 42

In what ways did Catholicism respond to the Protestant onslaught? How did this crystallize into the Counter-Reformation? Discuss the major elements of the Catholic Reformation.

Question 43

Term for identification: intendants

Question 44

Compare and contrast Lutheranism and Calvinism in regard to matters of religious reform.

Question 45

Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of the concept of 17 ^th Century absolutism in Europe.

Question 46

Term for identification: Edict of Nantes

Question 47

Explain the major ways in which Eastern Europe differed from Western Europe in the 17^th and 18^th centuries.

Question 48

Term for identification: King Henry VIII

Question 49

Discuss the impact of the Protestant Reformation on European politics.

Question 50

Term for identification: Treaty of Westphalia

Question 51

Term for identification: Ninety-five Theses

Question 52

Term for identification: Anabaptists

Question 53

Term for identification: Bill of Rights

Question 54

Elaborate on English religious history including the Anglican Church's early development and highlighting challenges from Henry VIII through the Glorious Revolution.

Question 55

Term for identification: Counter-Reformation

Question 56

Term for identification: Queen Elizabeth I