Deck 29: Latin America in the Twentieth Century

Question 1

The 1982 Falkland Islands War was between which two countries?

A)Germany and Argentina
B)Britain and Argentina
C)Argentina and Peru
D)Chile and Peru
E)Brazil and Chile

Answer 1

Britain and Argentina

Question 2

What event in the 1980s led to the military dictators giving way to a civil rule in Argentina?

A)The establishment of the South American Community of Nations (CSN).
B)The bankruptcy of Argentina by the policies of Peronismo.
C)The end of the Good Neighbor Policy with the United States.
D)The Argentines lost the Falkland Islands War in 1982.
E)The election of Ronald Reagan in the US in 1980.

Answer 2

The Argentines lost the Falkland Islands War in 1982.

Question 3

What was one of Mexican President Cardenas's successes that helped the Amerindians and peasants?

A)alliances with the USSR
B)starting the Green Revolution
C)the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista
D)land redistribution
E)ending inflation

Answer 3

land redistribution

Question 4

What event in the 1950s led to the downfall of Juan Perón?

A)The post-World War II decline in demand for Argentine exports.
B)Perón nationalized foreign-owned transportation and communication companies.
C)Perón attacked the conservative higher clergy of the Catholic Church.
D)The fall of the US-backed government of Batista in Cuba.
E)The founding of the Organization of American States.

Question 5

In what way has the developed world taken advantage of underdeveloped nations?

A)The establishment of a dynamic informal economy based on agricultural products for export.
B)The economic policies favored the rich to further divide the social structure of rich and poor.
C)The foreign trade deals and the high-interest, short-term financial credits favored the developed world.
D)The control of the narcotic drug trade and diplomatic intervention by the developed world was harsh.
E)The economic policies favored the improvement of crop yields to boost agricultural exports.

Question 6

As part of Perón's economic and social programs, he implemented all of the following EXCEPT

A)His new constitution put the federal government in charge of the national economy.
B)He nationalized foreign-owned transportation and communication companies.
C)His policies included women being paid equal to men for the same job.
D)He imposed state-price controls on the agricultural sector.
E)He increased wages for unionized workers and soldiers.

Question 7

Which of the following was true of urban life in Latin America during the 1930s and 1940s?

A)The social democratic parties similar to those in Germany came to power but did not last long.
B)The industrial working class grew rapidly and played a role in national affairs including universal suffrage.
C)The absentee landlords began to sell off their property, fearing nationalization by governments in need of capital.
D)The immigration from Europe decreased, making it somewhat easier for urban dwellers to find jobs.
E)The women began to agitate for voting rights, which they did not receive until the 1960s in most places.

Question 8

How many countries make up what is considered Latin America?

A)25
B)22
C)18
D)20
E)12

Question 9

What was the name of the agreement between South American military dictators to work together to capture and eliminate dissidents?

A)Operation Brother Sam
B)Operation Condor
C)Operation Barbarossa
D)Operation Overlord
E)Operation Urgent Fury

Question 10

When did the Panama Canal become the property of the nation of Panama?

A)1914
B)1978
C)2000
D)1997
E)1963

Question 11

Who is considered the most important female in 20th century Latin American history?

A)Evita Perón
B)Adrina Corona Vargas
C)Nancy Morejón
D)Ana Ignacia Rodríguez
E)Rigoberta Menchú

Question 12

All of the following were factors in the rise of Juan Perón in the 1940s EXCEPT

A)He was a charismatic military caudillo.
B)His initial backers for revolution were from the slums.
C)He had pro-German sympathies and a vehemently nationalistic platform.
D)His wife, Eva's personal charisma and concern for the working classes.
E)He and his wife understood it was necessary to appeal to the people directly.

Question 13

In Latin America, what was the most successful aspect of the Alliance for Progress begun during the Kennedy administration?

A)birth control
B)improved communications
C)improved rail lines
D)improving crop yields
E)environmental protection

Question 14

Which of the following best defines the term liberation theology ?

A)A conservative and reactionary theology created by the Catholic Church.
B)A combination of Marxist social theory and Catholic humanitarianism.
C)A social and economic policy that exploits common people.
D)A religious tenet that supports military and civilian revolutions.
E)A theology that supported the uneven distribution of wealth.

Question 15

What event in Latin America caused the most economic concern in the United States during the mid-20 th  century?

A)The presidency of Juan Perón in Argentina.
B)The establishment of the Batista government in Cuba.
C)Terrorist activity that began in Argentina.
D)The rise to power of Fidel Castro in Cuba.
E)The nationalizing of American holdings in Mexico.

Question 16

What was the result of the migration of large numbers of people into Latin America's cities?

A)Recent improvements in industrialization as the labor pool has grown.
B)A clearer demarcation between those who remained in the isolated countryside and those who moved to the cities.
C)A scarcity of farm workers that makes it difficult to raise enough food to feed everyone, including those who have migrated to urban areas.
D)Alienation among formerly close family units, as young people become exposed to life in the large cities and can no longer relate to their families back on the farms.
E)A growing middle class that craves the latest technological gadgets.

Question 17

What was true of most South American nations and all Central American nations in the 20th century?

A)They exported machinery, steel, and automobiles.
B)They boycotted the Organization of American States (OAS).
C)They established the North American Free Trade Association. (NAFTA).
D)They were subject to Marxist revolutions.
E)They remained largely agricultural societies.

Question 18

In the 20th century, where did the most popular reform movements occur in Latin America?

A)Peru and Mexico
B)Argentina and Brazil
C)Cuba and Venezuela
D)Chile and Bolivia
E)Mexico and Argentina

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the US's Good Neighbor Policy?

A)It relinquished colonies held in Latin America.
B)It urged Britain and France to free their Western Hemisphere colonies.
C)It treated Latin countries more like sovereign countries than like colonies.
D)It sent massive amounts of financial aid to the Southern Hemisphere.
E)It pledged to protect South American countries from foreign intervention.

Question 20

What event led to the US paying close attention to Latin America?

A)the Cuban Missile Crisis
B)the Spanish-American War
C)the rise of Fidel Castro
D)the Falkland Islands War
E)the Cold War

Question 21

The unusual combination of Marxist social theory and Catholic humanitarianism in Latin America was known as ____________________.

Question 22

​Which entity has taken the lead in speaking for the poor in Latin America?

A)​United Nations peacekeepers
B)​the upper and middle classes
C)​foreign aid workers
D)​the Communist party
E)​the Catholic Church

Question 23

Venezuela's late president ____________________ was anti-US while spearheading a new populist movement in South America.

Question 24

Who was the first women elected president of a South American country?

A)Ana Ignacia Rodríguez
B)Adriana Corona Vargas
C)Nancy Morejón
D)Michelle Bachelet
E)Eva Perón

Question 25

What was a common trend in the Latin American banana republics after World War I?

A)A rejection of American investment.
B)Extensive support from European humanitarians.
C)Economic imperialism by the US.
D)A severance of ties with Europe.
E)Initial support for Marxist revolution.

Question 26

All of the following were obstacles faced by Latin American countries in the 20th century EXCEPT​

A)​militarism
B)​Marxist revolutions
C)​authoritarianism
D)​corruption
E)tense ​US relationship

Question 27

Probably the highest-priority long-term social problem in Latin America is controlling ____________________.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true of the Latin American cities with large numbers of peasant migrants?

A)Many migrants come to the cities without a network of friends and family.
B)The migrants live in barrios surrounding the older parts of the cities.
C)Many migrants live off small, sporadic incomes.
D)Many migrants are unskilled workers who are forced to take day work.
E)The migrants have been continually coming to the cities for over forty years.

Question 29

All of the following were true of the Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century EXCEPT

A)The goals of the revolution were left unfulfilled even well into the 20th century.
B)It was viewed as the only positive political and social change into the mid-20th century.
C)It was committed to social equalization and redistribution of wealth and power.
D)The women who fought in the revolution led successful movements for equal rights.
E)The  Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)was filled with corruption .

Question 30

Which of the following is true of economic opportunities in modern Latin America?

A)As many as one of every three adults works in the informal Latin American economy.
B)Income distribution for upper, middle, and lower classes is slowly evening out.
C)The number of Latin American professionals, landowners, and business owners is growing.
D)Unskilled urban workers are earning a great deal more than they have in the past.
E)Industrial workers in most countries have begun actively participating in unions to secure employment.

Question 31

President Cárdenas instituted which of the following reforms?

A)Land redistribution to peasants.
B)Invited US oil companies to drill.
C)Forbade official recognition of the Maya.
D)Official rejection of the PRI.
E)Instituted a social revolution.

Question 32

____________________ was an agreement between military dictators in South America to cooperate on capturing and eliminating any dissidents.

Question 33

The real catalyst for US activity in Latin America was the 1959 seizure of power by ____________________.

Question 34

____________________ were Central American countries that depended on banana and other fruit plantations of the United Fruit Company to survive.

Question 35

​Which of the following were considered the ABC countries of Latin America that were more industrialized?

A)​El Salvador, Brazil, and Falkland Islands
B)​Venezuela, Bolivia, and Costa Rica
C)​Guatemala, Brazil, and Chile
D)​Argentina, Brazil, and Chile
E)​Argentina, Belize, and Colombia

Question 36

The ___________________ has had much more success in alleviating hunger in Latin America than in Africa.

Question 37

Franklin D. Roosevelt's ____________________ treated Latin American countries more as sovereign nations than as colonies.

Question 38

All of the following are issues facing Mexico in the 21st century EXCEPT

A)global recession
B)series of neoliberal policies
C)violent drug cartels
D)low economic productivity
E)rampant poverty

Question 39

The ____________________ was a trade agreement signed in 1992 by Mexico, the US, and Canada that has led to Mexico's national economy not reaching its potential.​

Question 40

The ____________________ was established in the 1960s to help develop Latin American economies.

Question 41

Describe the various forms of government in Latin America since the 1930s including Marxism, socialism, corporatism, nationalism, populism, democracy, and dictatorship. Explain the successes and failures of these government types in Latin America.

Question 42

Term for identification: banana republics

Question 43

Describe the role of the United States in Latin American political and economic issues.

Question 44

Term for identification: Alliance for Progress

Question 45

Compare and contrast the similarities and differences in the development of Mexico and Argentina in the 20th century including economic, political, and social aspects.

Question 46

Evaluate the impact of Europe and the US in Latin American economic and political affairs in the 20th century.

Question 47

Term for identification: ​North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Question 48

Term for identification: liberation theology

Question 49

In reference to Latin America in the 20th century, explain what is meant by "persistent dependency"? How did this dependency affect economic and political issues in Latin America?

Question 50

Term for identification: Organization of American States (OAS)

Question 51

Term for identification: Good Neighbor Policy

Question 52

Term for identification: ABC countries

Question 53

Term for identification: Peronismo

Question 54

Term for identification: Fidel Castro

Question 55

What were the economic and social issues faced in 20th century Latin America? In your opinion, which was the most significant issue faced by Latin America? Why?

Question 56

Term for identification: Operation Condor