Deck 5: World Politics and the Global South

Question 1

Which entities often contribute to dualism?

A)multinational corporations (MNCs)
B)states
C)nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
D)intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which school of thought advocates government regulation of economic life to increase state power?

A)realism
B)capitalism
C)mercantilism
D)statism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Newly industrialized countries (NICs)were able to achieve impressive economic growth by emphasizing what practice?

A)import
B)export
C)protectionism
D)agricultural production

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is likely to make it very difficult for the Global South to escape poverty?

A)the fact that nearly all population growth in the twenty-first century will occur in the Global South
B)the fact that nearly all population growth in the twenty-first century will occur in the Global North
C)the growth of religious fundamentalism in the Global South
D)communist tendencies that plague the southern hemisphere

Question 5

Which theory argues that resources flow from peripheral states to core states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former?

A)dependency theory
B)power transition theory
C)import substitution theory
D)prospect theory

Question 6

According to radical theorists, what caused imperialist states to compete over colonies?

A)production surplus
B)excess demand
C)territorial needs
D)desire for travel

Question 7

What strategy of economic development centers on providing investors at home with incentives to produce goods so that previously imported products from abroad will decline?

A)export-substitution industrialization
B)import-substitution industrialization
C)export-led industrialization
D)direct-investment industrialization

Question 8

A constructivist might argue which of the following about global inequality?

A)Global inequality stems from outdated and unfair international institutions.
B)Global inequality stems from the fact that the global system was socially constructed to favor powerful states.
C)Global inequality is rooted in the classical balance of power.
D)Global inequality is rooted in hegemonic exploitation of the poor.

Question 9

The theoretical outlook prescribing that countries should increase their power and wealth in order to compete with and dominate other countries is referred to as which of the following?

A)colonialism
B)imperialism
C)realpolitik
D)self-determination

Question 10

A business enterprise headquartered in one state that invests and operates extensively in other states is known as which of the following?

A)a dual corporation
B)a multinational corporation
C)a nongovernmental corporation
D)a limited liability corporation

Question 11

Apple, Coca Cola, and Walmart are all examples of which of the following?

A)multinational corporations
B)Fortune 600 companies
C)peripheral companies
D)transnational companies

Question 12

Remittances are particularly valuable to many Global South countries because the money is typically spent immediately on what type of purchases?

A)basic necessities
B)military technology
C)police services and protection
D)agricultural subsidies

Question 13

In the Global South, what type of spending typically exceeds expenditures on health and education?

A)infrastructure spending
B)research and development spending
C)capital spending
D)military spending

Question 14

Nowadays, scholars typically describe the inequalities between the rich states and poor states by dividing the planet into which of the following?

A)Global North and Global South
B)Global East and Global West
C)emerging powers and middle powers
D)first world and second world

Question 15

Which concepts are at the core of laissez-faire economics?

A)free trade and free markets
B)imperialism and colonialism
C)mercantilism and colonialism
D)foreign direct investment and currency exchanges

Question 16

Countries of the Global South are home to approximately what percentage of the world's population?

A)10%
B)30%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 17

Which statistic measures production by a state's citizens or companies, regardless of where the production occurs?

A)gross national income (GNI)
B)gross domestic product (GDP)
C)purchasing power parity (PPP)
D)Gini index

Question 18

How can the roots of global inequalities among states be traced at the systemic level of analysis?

A)by looking at domestic corruption that exacerbates poverty
B)by looking at poverty traps that are abundant in the Global South
C)by looking at the incompetence of political leaders in the Global North
D)by looking at systemic properties that favor rich countries at the expense of the poor ones

Question 19

Which theoretical tradition is mercantilism most closely related to?

A)realism
B)liberalism
C)constructivism
D)feminism

Question 20

Where are the less-developed countries primarily located?

A)in the Global West
B)in the Global East
C)in the Global North
D)in the Global South

Question 21

The belief that the global system has properties built into it that account for most poor countries' inability to close the gap with wealthy countries focuses on which level of analysis?

A)individual
B)state
C)treaty
D)global

Question 22

Which of the following refers to an economic system that focuses on supply and demand in the marketplace and emphasizes minimal government regulation of the economy?

A)a command economy
B)mercantilism
C)colonialism
D)a laissez-faire economy

Question 23

What did Adam Smith argue in his treatise The Wealth of Nations ?

A)that mercantilism was the best way to ensure state security
B)that wealth came from the goods and services purchased, not merely the accumulation of precious metals
C)that military expansion abroad was an inevitable product of capitalism
D)that imperialism was a result of the inter-European competition for dominance

Question 24

V. I. Lenin believed the second wave of European imperialism was caused by which of the following?

A)the desire of European adventurers for gold and silver
B)the "white man's burden" to convert heathens to Christianity
C)the monopoly stage of capitalism, which needed cheap raw materials and investment for accumulating capital
D)the idle rich who wanted political positions abroad

Question 25

Under what conditions will corruption likely flourish?

A)shortly after a major war
B)in homogeneous societies
C)in countries where democratic foundations are weak
D)in countries that experience civil wars and domestic unrest

Question 26

When an immigrant working in the United States sends money to family in his or her home country, the money in question is referred to as which of the following?

A)foreign aid
B)remittance
C)development assistance
D)subsidy

Question 27

Which of the following is a South American trading block?

A)APEC
B)Mercosur
C)ASEAN
D)SADC

Question 28

Why do most ethnic national conflicts in the Global South have colonial roots?

A)Imperial powers drew borders with little regard for the national identities of indigenous people.
B)European countries instilled in their colonies their strong values of xenophobia and mistrust.
C)Most people in the Global South are simply unable to get along.
D)Indigenous people fight over which colonial power they would like to have rule them.

Question 29

When did most countries in the Global South (outside Latin America)get their independence?

A)after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
B)after World War II
C)after the Cold War
D)after World War I

Question 30

Which of the following refers to countries of the Global South that have achieved economic success by participating in the global trade free system?

A)dualist countries
B)non-aligned countries
C)newly industrialized countries (NICs)
D)dependent countries

Question 31

Which UN resolution called for a North-South dialogue to open the way for the less-developed countries of the Global South to participate more fully in the making of international economic policy?

A)New International Economic Order (NIEO)
B)Towards a New International Economic Order
C)Sustainable Development Resolution
D)Economic Dialogue Initiative

Question 32

Which coalition of countries sponsored the 1963 Joint Declaration of Developing Countries, calling for reform to allow greater equality in North-South trade?

A)Group of 7 (G-7)
B)Group of 77 (G-77)
C)Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS)
D)Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain (PIGS)

Question 33

Which of the following statements are true about the legacy of colonialism?

A)Countries such as the Congo were able to transition from colonialism to stable domestic rule within a few years.
B)In areas where the slave trade was highly concentrated, people extend less trust to other individuals.
C)Few countries have successfully gained independence since the conclusion of World War II.
D)Colonial ties and dependencies were completely broken shortly after decolonization.

Question 34

Which approach to addressing underdevelopment in the Global South is most likely to be supported by a liberal economic theorist?

A)import-substitution industrialization
B)heavy regulation of trade
C)allowing free flow of capital and investment into the Global South
D)egalitarianism

Question 35

Since 1980, which of the following has spread rapidly and widely throughout the world and become the preferred mode of governance?

A)dictatorship from oil-producing countries
B)communism, alongside a free-enterprise component
C)democracy
D)parliamentary dictatorship

Question 36

What happened to the colonial territories of Germany and the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I?

A)They were parceled out among the victorious allies.
B)They were transferred under the League of Nations to countries that would rule them as "mandates" until eventual self-rule.
C)They were allowed to remain under the control of Germany and Turkey.
D)They were given independence.

Question 37

In recent years, which country has boosted African oil and mining sectors in exchange for advantageous trade deals?

A)the United States
B)Russia
C)South Africa
D)China

Question 38

Where did the United States expand its influence during the second wave of imperialism?

A)Thailand
B)the Congo
C)Guyana
D)the Philippines

Question 39

Which of the following best describes dependency theory?

A)Global inequities will never be solved as long as developing countries must compete with one another to supply primary products to the developed world.
B)Wealth is created through free enterprise, free trade, and efficient production.
C)It can be defined as the processes, economic and political, through which a country develops to increase its capacity to meet its citizens' basic human needs and raise their standard of living.
D)Many college students will end up living with their parents for years after graduation.

Question 40

Which of the following is not considered a form of foreign aid?

A)grants of money
B)loans at low rates
C)shared technical expertise
D)transfers of military hardware

Question 41

Why is foreign direct investment (FDI)often criticized as a way of escaping stagnant economic growth?

A)because it forces the Global South countries to endorse core Western values
B)because there are many hidden costs, or externalities, associated with FDI
C)because it has a dampening effect on local entrepreneurial creativity
D)because it exacerbates corruption in the Global South

Question 42

Which of the following refers to "conditionality" in foreign aid?

A)the level of poverty that must be present for a country to be eligible to receive aid
B)the terms of repayment of the loan
C)demands that aid recipients must meet in order to receive assistance
D)the interest rate at which foreign aid loans are issued

Question 43

Discuss the link between corruption and a country's inability to grow economically. More specifically, what are political, economic, social, and environmental costs of corruption, and how do they hinder growth?

Question 44

In recent years, which American president attempted to normalize relations with Cuba?

A)President Clinton
B)President George W. Bush
C)President Obama
D)President Trump

Question 45

Which of the following is a possible social cost of corruption?

A)undermined democratic governance
B)reduced military spending
C)weakened civil society
D)depleted national wealth

Question 46

Define both mercantilism and laissez-faire as schools of economic thought. Explain why mercantilism fits with colonialism; i.e., why would states that have mercantilist ideologies desire to colonize? Explain why laissez-faire fits with post-colonial ideas.

Question 47

In attempting to explain the persistent underdevelopment of the Global South, some theorists direct attention primarily toward what happens within these countries, whereas others focus on the position of developing countries in the world political economy. Compare the modernization and dependency theories on the causes of the economic gap between rich and poor countries. Which one do you find more convincing? Why?

Question 48

What are MNCs? Why have they been praised by some and condemned by others? In your opinion, is the Global South likely to benefit from foreign direct investment by MNCs?

Question 49

Which of the following refers to a cross-border investment through which a person or corporation based in one country purchases or constructs an asset such as a factory or bank in another country so that a long-term relationship and control of an enterprise by nonresidents results?

A)foreign direct investment
B)multinational corporation
C)economic corruption
D)foreign aid

Question 50

To break out of their dependent status, countries within the Global South have pursued various industrialization strategies. Import-substitution industrialization and export-led industrialization are two of the most common strategies. What are the differences between these two strategies? Which has been more successful? Why?