Deck 4: Expansion and Control, 1700-1763

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of the Triangular Trade in operation?

A)Fish and grains from New England were traded to southern Europe for fur pelts.
B)Wine, spices, and gold were sent to England directly from New England.
C)Slaves and gold were traded between England and the West Indies.
D)Sugar and molasses were sent to New England from the West Indies.
E)Manufactured ships from New England were purchased by Africa.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Slavery was a huge part of the economic expansion by the British in the early 1700s.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Despite tobacco being the chief product of the Chesapeake area, the focus was on the development of a diversified economy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

One of the major hubs of the American slave trade in 1750 was New York City.

Question 5

In _____, the short growing season and hilly terrain encouraged colonists to practice diversified farming.

A)Georgia
B)New England
C)the Southern Colonies
D)the Chesapeake area
E)the Middle colonies

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of New England society during the 1700s?

A)The heat, humidity, and miserable living conditions slowed the population growth.
B)A large group of aristocrats was present at the top of the social system.
C)Most of the population growth was because of the migration of slaves from Africa.
D)The dramatic increase in population reflected the stability and importance of families.
E)Slavery was visible only in the cities because wealthy colonists liked to have a servant in tow.

Question 7

The second stage of economic development during the 1700s stimulated economic competition between the North American colonies and England.

Question 8

Which of the following was an important feature in the economy of the Middle Colonies during the 1700s?

A)Flax and wool were imported to make clothing.
B)Several farms achieved relative self-sustenance.
C)Wine and gold were exported to England in return for fish.
D)Farmers lived in villages instead of on their farms.
E)Timber was imported to establish shipbuilding industries.

Question 9

The Stono Rebellion occurred in New York City and convinced Indians to oppose colonial rule.

Question 10

By the early 1700s, New York and Pennsylvania became known to English traders as the "bread colonies."

Question 11

At the Albany Congress in 1754, prominent politicians and businessmen from the British colonies considered national independence from Britain for the first time.

Question 12

The religious and social orthodoxy established by the Puritans could not last in New England because:

A)the growth of cities weakened the commitment of New Englanders toward family life.
B)Anglicans arrived in New England and started to establish their churches.
C)the hinterland towns where the bulk of the New England population lived merged with the bustling economic and social world of New England's cities.
D)prosperity weakened the younger generations' commitment to the strict religious practices of their forefathers.
E)few colonists resided in New England permanently because of the miserable living conditions.

Question 13

New Lights refer to the Protestant leaders who supported evangelism, new methods of prayer, and equality before Christ.

Question 14

The main item of export from the Middle Colonies was _____.

A)tobacco
B)sugar
C)gold
D)wine
E)wheat

Question 15

Members of New England's so-called natural aristocracy:

A)initiated the American Enlightenment.
B)lost influence over time to Puritan ministers, who used jeremiads to stir up their congregations against the natural aristocracy.
C)dominated economic affairs and owned an increasing percentage of the area's wealth.
D)consisted of lawyers and merchants living in small towns.
E)supported evangelism, new methods of prayer, and equality before Christ during the Great Awakening.

Question 16

As New England's population multiplied, colonists:

A)began to limit the size of their families.
B)abandoned the practice of agriculture.
C)pushed further westward and developed towns.
D)flocked to the cities of Boston and New York in large numbers.
E)began to return to their mother country.

Question 17

The Triangular Trade connected the West Indies, New York, and Boston in a triangle form.

Question 18

The American Enlightenment adopted the European conventional thinking that humans were incapable of social change and that life on earth was little more than a temporary interlude on the journey to eternal salvation or damnation.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of New England's economy during the 1700s?

A)New Englanders produced their own furniture and agricultural implements.
B)Flax and wool were imported by New Englanders to make clothing.
C)Timber was imported from other colonies by New Englanders to establish a shipbuilding industry.
D)Commerce in New England was focused on the cities of New York and Philadelphia.
E)New England participated in the triangular trade by supplying wine and gold to southern Europe.

Question 20

Which of the following cities formed a hub for commerce in the Middle Colonies?

A)Connecticut
B)Maine
C)New Jersey
D)Atlanta
E)New York

Question 21

The difference between the Old Lights and New Lights was that:

A)the Old Lights stressed emotionalism in their preaching, while the New Lights did not.
B)the Old Lights relied on a network of itinerant preachers, while the New Lights did not.
C)the Old Lights advocated a more rationalistic theology, while the New Lights stressed evangelism.
D)the Old Lights favored evangelicalism and individual prayer, while the New Lights urged for a ministerial connection to God.
E)the Old Lights embraced Enlightenment ideals, while the New Lights saw the ideals as incompatible with faith.

Question 22

The American Enlightenment resulted in:

A)the expansion of nonreligious newspapers throughout the 1700s.
B)people believing in the unquestioned primacy of rulers.
C)a decline in the powers of churches throughout the 1700s.
D)the reinforcement of the belief that humans had limited capacity for social change.
E)educated people postulating that divine laws governed the universe.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of life in the Chesapeake area during the 1700s?

A)The Chesapeake area developed a largely rural, English model of living.
B)The Chesapeake area featured small towns and social mobility.
C)The Chesapeake area relied on New York and Philadelphia as central urban hubs to support the many middle-rung farmers.
D)The Chesapeake area comprised of people from a variety of religions.
E)The Chesapeake area saw an increase in the number of indentured servants.

Question 24

Which of the following statements best characterizes the economy of the Chesapeake area?

A)Cotton was the staple crop of the Chesapeake area.
B)Several sizeable cities developed in the Chesapeake area by the 1700s.
C)Developed industries formed the backbone of the economic structure in the Chesapeake area.
D)Farmers in the Chesapeake area remained tied to tobacco and failed to diversify.
E)The Chesapeake area developed a diverse and highly complicated economy because of immigration.

Question 25

Which of the following is true about slave resistance in the Southern Colonies?

A)Pontiac's Rebellion was the single largest revolt by slaves demanding freedom.
B)Violent uprisings against white suppression were a constant feature in the life of Southern Colonies.
C)Slave revolts were exceedingly rare, probably because most slaves did not yet work in gangs.
D)Slave resistance depended on the organizational skill of Northern agitators.
E)Slavery had become such an overpowering and totalitarian institution that resistance was impossible.

Question 26

John Locke, a prominent Enlightenment thinker, argued that:

A)humans were born virtuous.
B)humans had the responsibility of checking the growth of social institutions that would inevitably become premised on inequality and favoritism.
C)a balance in economy was determined by the laws of supply and demand.
D)one's environment was more significant than divine decree in the development of one's character.
E)God was central to an individual's well-being.

Question 27

Adam Smith, a key figure of the Enlightenment, was known for his ideas on _____.

A)crime and punishment
B)supply and demand
C)education
D)religion
E)evangelism and prayer

Question 28

Which of the following factors allowed the Middle Colonies to participate in the Triangular Trade?

A)The production of surplus tobacco
B)The success of corn and wheat mills
C)The practice of diversified farming
D)The production of indigo
E)The success of cotton-spinning mills

Question 29

As a result of the Great Awakening, the Baptists:

A)lost large numbers of the faithful to new religious sects that emerged.
B)saw their numbers and influence grow considerably in the Chesapeake area.
C)founded Brown College.
D)established their first churches in the colonies.
E)became the strongest group in New England.

Question 30

Which of these was NOT true of the Chesapeake area?

A)The early colonists were largely male.
B)The majority of the people lived some distances apart, on scattered farms and plantations.
C)The climate of the region led to high mortality rates up through 1700.
D)The slaves in tobacco plantations were replaced by indentured servants during the 1700s.
E)The region had an aristocratic social structure, with a declining number of indentured servants over time.

Question 31

Most of the slaves in New York worked:

A)on plantations cultivating tobacco.
B)on farms producing wheat.
C)in craftsmen's shops.
D)in the harbor.
E)for merchants.

Question 32

During the early 1600s, most people in the Western World believed:

A)in the unquestioned supremacy of rulers.
B)that human capacity for reason was the highest form of human attainment.
C)that human life on earth does not influence salvation.
D)in natural laws governing the universe.
E)that one's environment was more significant than divine decree in the development of one's character.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of the enslavement of Africans?

A)There was a full-fledged movement against slavery by the Anglicans before the American Revolution.
B)The process of enslaving Africans began with the middle passage across the Atlantic Ocean.
C)The process by which the slaves came to America was rationalized by the profits to be made.
D)Slave traders mostly put their slaves to work in plantations after entering the New World.
E)The captured slaves were mostly made to work on farms producing wheat in New England.

Question 34

The _____ were Protestant leaders who supported evangelism, the new methods of prayer, and equality before Christ during the Great Awakening.

A)New Lights
B)Old Order Amish
C)Presbyterians
D)Anglicans
E)Puritans

Question 35

Which of the following was NOT true of the middle passage?

A)Sick slaves were thrown overboard to try to prevent the spread of diseases.
B)Slaves were kept mostly below deck, away from fresh air.
C)Slaves from several different tribes were packed on the same ship, making them feel even more cut off from everything familiar.
D)The trip usually lasted from four to eight weeks.
E)Slave traders divided the slaves into groups based on the regions of the New World where they would be employed.

Question 36

Which of the following regions was known for being more diverse than the others during the 1700s?

A)The Chesapeake area
B)New France
C)The Southern Colonies
D)The Middle Colonies
E)New England

Question 37

Highly influential in America, the Enlightenment:

A)stressed man's connection to God as the highest achievement by humans.
B)prioritized the ability to reason as the highest form of human attainment.
C)reinforced belief in the unquestioned primacy of rulers.
D)led to the argument that humans' time on earth was an interlude on their journey toward salvation.
E)led to the belief that human beings have only a limited capacity to change their social circumstances.

Question 38

The population of the Southern Colonies:

A)was centered on local churches.
B)was slow to grow because of the living conditions in the region.
C)was based solely on stable families.
D)included wealthy plantation owners who liked the year-round warm climate.
E)had a longer average life expectancy than that of any other region.

Question 39

Which of the following was the last stage in the enslavement of Africans?

A)The middle passage across the Atlantic Ocean
B)Capture in Africa
C)The period of adjustment to the New World
D)Deportation to Africa if found unskilled by slave traders
E)Employment as skilled artisans across various North American colonies

Question 40

The wealthy families of the Chesapeake area gained control over political and religious institutions because they:

A)were mostly lawyers and merchants who controlled the economy of the Chesapeake area.
B)were better educated.
C)modeled their lives after wealthy Londoners.
D)considered themselves as an elite class with social responsibilities.
E)established many social institutions.

Question 41

Which of the following led to what would have been the first-ever colonial union that would have placed all of England's colonies in America under a single president-general?

A)The Albany Plan
B)The Treaty of Paris
C)The Great Awakening
D)The Stono Rebellion
E)The Glorious Revolution

Question 42

Discuss the expansion of slavery and the Triangular Trade that flourished between 1700 and 1763. How did different colonial regions participate in slavery and the Triangular Trade? How did slavery change?

Question 43

_________ was the hands-off style of relations between the Crown and the colonies.
A. Salutary neglect
B. The middle passage
C. The Triangular Trade
D. Pan-Indianism

Question 44

In the Chesapeake area, the majority of slaves worked as _____.

A)house servants
B)artisans
C)factory workers
D)field hands
E)shipbuilders

Question 45

_________ was the Enlightenment thinker who argued that one's environment was more significant than divine decree in the development of one's character.
A. William Bradford
B. Copernicus
C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D. John Locke

Question 46

Which of the following factors propelled the colonies into a second stage of economic expansion during the early 1700s?

A)Diversified farming practices in all colonies
B)The rise of pan-Indianism
C)Looser governance by the Crown
D)The consolidation of various slave codes into a single code
E)The exceptional production of raw materials

Question 47

Describe life in the Middle Colonies.

Question 48

Which of the following was a consequence of the French and Indian War?

A)Indian tribes lost the ability to negotiate with one group of colonists and play the European nations off against one another to win concessions.
B)Indians shifted from favoring a racial identity to assuming a tribal one.
C)Indians united under Benjamin Franklin and were ready to protest English intrusion into their lands and attempt to drive the colonists back across the Appalachians.
D)Indians helped the French build a series of military strongholds to intimidate the English.
E)Indian tribes united to protest against slavery that led to the Stono Rebellion.

Question 49

In Pontiac's Rebellion, _____.

A)the Iroquois League attacked French forts in Quebec
B)the Ottowa tribe soundly defeated the Indian allies of the French at Detroit
C)Indians began a devastating intertribal war
D)Indians united in their attempt to protest English intrusion into their lands
E)the French attempted to evict Spain from North America

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of the Glorious Revolution?

A)Many of the proprietors who had founded the North American colonies were removed.
B)The Crown was able to reassert control of the colonies.
C)England was changed into a Protestant nation by James II.
D)All the English colonies were unified under a single president-general.
E)England and France signed the Treaty of Paris to evict Spain out of North America.

Question 51

For the colonists, the result of the Glorious Revolution was:

A)more control over colonies for Britain.
B)extreme ill-treatment of slaves
C)the addition of new proprietors to colonies.
D)the consolidation of all slave codes into one.
E)looser governance by the Crown.

Question 52

Explain the economic conditions that prevailed in the Middle Colonies.

Question 53

_________ was a huge system of trade and migration that brought millions of slaves to the New World and Europe in the 1600s and 1700s.
A. The Triangular slave trade
B. The Atlantic slave trade
C. The middle passage
D. A jeremiad

Question 54

The Negro Act, which consolidated South Carolina's slave codes into one comprehensive law, was passed in response to _____.

A)the Stono Rebellion
B)Nat Turner's Rebellion
C)King George's War
D)Pontiac's Rebellion
E)the Seven Years' War

Question 55

_________ was the movement in which many of the tribes of Native America shifted from favoring a tribal identity to assuming a racial one.
A. The Stono Rebellion
B. The Glorious Revolution of 1688
C. Pontiac's Rebellion
D. Pan-Indianism

Question 56

Describe the economy of New England during the 1700s.

Question 57

Which of the following statements holds true for slavery in the North American colonies during the 1700s?

A)Slavery was most common in New England and the Middle Colonies.
B)Slaves worked as field hands on farms.
C)Slavery was mostly concentrated in cities in the Middle Colonies.
D)Slaves mostly worked as artisans in the Chesapeake area.
E)Slave life developed fully in the plantations of New England.

Question 58

The Treaty of Paris (1763)resulted in _____.

A)Spain being evicted from North America
B)France losing all its territory in mainland North America
C)England controlling trade in the Chesapeake area
D)France controlling trade in Virginia
E)England unifying all its colonies in North America

Question 59

Examine the impressive social and economic growth of the colonies during the 1700s. Compare and contrast the development of the different regions of North America through their politics, economy and social/religious characteristics.

Question 60

_________ was a hub for commerce in the Middle Colonies.
A. The Chesapeake area
B. Albany
C. Philadelphia
D. Georgia

Question 61

Examine the reasons behind the French and Indian War. What specific factors led to the war's outbreak? How did the war change the way the colonists saw each other as well as their place in the Empire? How did the war lead to a change of policy by the British government?

Question 62

How did the American Enlightenment influence religion?

Question 63

Describe the Stono Rebellion. How did South Carolina respond to this rebellion?

Question 64

How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 affect the colonists?

Question 65

Discuss the power of Enlightenment ideas, such as reason and natural rights, in the colonies. How did it shape Americans' view of religion, education, and their place in the British Empire?

Question 66

Discuss the influence of tobacco on the economy of the Chesapeake area.

Question 67

Explain the economic expansion observed in the colonies during the early 1700s.

Question 68

Explain the "middle passage" stage of enslavement.

Question 69

Explain Pontiac's Rebellion.

Question 70

Describe the Great Awakening.

Question 71

How did a uniquely American form of religion arise and why? How did various people react to the American Enlightenment?