Deck 27: America Under Stress, 1967-1976

Question 1

Nearly one-third of Mexican Americans in the United States during the 1960s

A)worked as farm laborers.
B)could not read English.
C)lived in eastern cities.
D)were illegal immigrants.

Answer 1

worked as farm laborers.

Question 2

During the 1968 Democratic convention in Chicago

A)the police indiscriminately attacked protesters and bystanders.
B)the news media refused to cover the trouble in the streets.
C)over 10,000 well-armed protestors descended on the city.
D)a few protests marred an otherwise harmonious gathering.

Answer 2

the police indiscriminately attacked protesters and bystanders.

Question 3

George Wallace

A)had a long track record as minister for agriculture.
B)was a staunch Republican.
C)campaigned on immigration reform.
D)attacked the counterculture, the civil right movement, and the Great Society.

Answer 3

attacked the counterculture, the civil right movement, and the Great Society.

Question 4

Henry Kissinger

A)who was German-born, insisted on being excluded in the great American "melting pot."
B)claimed to represent Nixon's Silent Majority.
C)aggravated the Republican Party's conservative constituents.
D)as national security adviser and secretary of state helped to negotiate the cease-fire in Vietnam.

Question 5

What was the Ho Chi Minh Trail?

A)An infiltration trail for North Vietnamese soldiers that ran through Laos and Cambodia
B)A supply line that ran from China to North Vietnam
C)An underground tunnel system used by the Viet Cong in Saigon
D)A secret Communist supply route that ran through Thailand

Question 6

What individual's announcement that there would be no victory in Vietnam led President Johnson to lament, "I have lost Mr. Average Citizen"?

A)Former New York Mets manager Casey Stengel
B)CBS news anchor Walter Cronkite
C)Hollywood actor Jimmy Stewart
D)Talk show host Johnny Carson

Question 7

Operation Rolling Thunder convinced the North Vietnamese

A)to begin seeking an opening for peace talks.
B)to increase support for the Viet Cong.
C)that American military power would eventually overwhelm their army.
D)to reduce their presence in South Vietnam.

Question 8

What did President Johnson's circle of advisers conclude, following the Tet Offensive?

A)It was time to get the troops out as quickly as possible.
B)Although suffering enormous casualties, the enemy's will to win had not lessened.
C)The only way to win the war was to use nuclear weapons.
D)The North Vietnamese were on the ropes and vulnerable to a massive American push.

Question 9

When traditional labor protests failed to work, César Chávez

A)concentrated only on bread-and-butter concerns.
B)attempted to mobilize public opinion.
C)turned to violent tactics.
D)tried to lead a secession movement from California.

Question 10

In regards to Vietnam, President Johnson

A)feared he would be blamed for "losing" the East Asian country to communism.
B)felt strongly that Vietnam needed protection from Soviet aggression.
C)suspected Communist China would stage a wider war on South Asia.
D)argued forcefully for a quick withdrawal of American troops.

Question 11

Why did the Tet Offensive weaken American support for the war?

A)The government had been promising that victory was right around the corner.
B)The Communist forces outfought the Americans.
C)It became clear that China would intervene to protect North Vietnam.
D)The offensive showed that North Vietnam's population could survive a lengthy and brutal war.

Question 12

What was the main difference between the platforms of Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy in 1968?

A)McCarthy embraced the Great Society but Kennedy did not.
B)Kennedy supported the idea of extensive executive branch powers, but McCarthy did not.
C)Kennedy wanted an immediate withdrawal from Vietnam, but McCarthy preferred to seek a negotiated settlement.
D)Kennedy received Johnson's endorsement but McCarthy did not.

Question 13

All of the following is true about Native American activists in the 1960s, EXCEPT:

A)They called for an end of the termination policy.
B)They demanded improved education, economic, and health opportunities.
C)They staged fish-ins to protest the violation of treaties through fish and game regulation.
D)They demanded free access to Native American museums.

Question 14

Which Democrat, running for president in 1968, was closest to President Johnson's foreign and domestic policies?

A)Former Alabama Governor George C. Wallace
B)Minnesota Senator Eugene J. McCarthy
C)Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey
D)New York Senator Robert F. Kennedy

Question 15

To dramatize the Indians' plight, American Indian Movement activists

A)kidnapped the chief of police of Los Angeles and threatened to "scalp" him.
B)gave whites bogus tickets for a one-way boat ride to go back to Europe.
C)burned replicas of treaties between Indians and the federal government.
D)seized Alcatraz Island and demanded to use it as a cultural center.

Question 16

Why did Dolores Huerta quit teaching school?

A)She was fired for supporting the United Farm Workers.
B)She felt she had to do more to help the families of farm workers.
C)She could not pass an English literacy test.
D)She became pregnant.

Question 17

Hispanic-American leader César Chávez rose to prominence by

A)leading a boycott of schools that punished students for speaking Spanish.
B)becoming the first Mexican American to be elected mayor of a major city.
C)organizing the union for farm workers.
D)calling for a return of southwestern states to Mexico.

Question 18

The original mission of COINTELPRO was?

A)to infiltrate, spy on, discredit, and disrupt antiwar groups.
B)to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
C)To derail Barry Goldwater's Republican candidacy.
D)to crack down on the international drug trade

Question 19

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A)authorized the president to take any measures necessary to repel attacks against U.S. forces in Vietnam.
B)called for economic and political reform in Vietnam rather than military escalation.
C)mandated an increase in the number of U.S. advisers in Vietnam.
D)forced the South Vietnamese government to hold honest elections.

Question 20

The first "teach-in" protest against the Vietnam War happened in

A)Berkeley in 1968.
B)Harvard in 1962.
C)Kent State University in 1971.
D)University of Michigan in 1965.

Question 21

When a socialist-Marxist government came to power in Chile, the United States

A)upheld its treaty commitments and did nothing.
B)tried to encourage it to follow a moderate course.
C)sent in troops and overthrew it.
D)disrupted the country's economy, producing chaos and a military coup.

Question 22

Many Democrats objected to their 1972 presidential nominee, George McGovern, because they thought that he was

A)too liberal.
B)only a reluctant critic of the Vietnam War.
C)a poorly educated embarrassment.
D)a southern conservative who would cost them the black vote.

Question 23

SALT I

A)was an arms reduction treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States that had resulted from Nixon's détente strategy.
B)Was a militant anti-war group that advocated armed resistance against the military industrial complex.
C)was a black power organization that tried to organize the Black Panthers and Black Muslims into a larger nationwide militia.
D)was the name for a new hallucinogenic drug that spread like wildfire in the counterculture of the 1970s.

Question 24

All of the following is true about Vietnamization, EXCEPT:

A)It called for a generous immigration policy for Vietnamese.
B)Better trained and better equipped Vietnamese units would assume the brunt of the fighting.
C)American soldiers would return home.
D)Public support at home would grow and anti-war protests would ebb off.

Question 25

What was CREEP?

A)A rock band from the early 1970s.
B)The nickname for the Israeli secret service.
C)A code name for a joint operation of the United States and Pinochet's Chile.
D)the acronym for Nixon's Re-election Committee.

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Dolores Huerta

Question 27

What happened at Jackson State and Kent State Universities in 1970?

A)students marched quietly to mourn the victims of the My Lai Massacre.
B)Young Americans for Freedom staged the largest pro-war demonstration in the history of the conflict.
C)Catholic priests helped draft protesters burn their draft cards.
D)National guard troops shot and killed six unarmed student protesters.

Question 28

Nixon sought to reform the welfare system by

A)decreasing food stamps.
B)providing a guaranteed minimum income to recipients as long as they worked or enrolled in training.
C)requiring recipients to pass drug tests.
D)creating new welfare agencies.

Question 29

What was NOT a reason for Nixon to seek better relations with China?

A)to push the Soviets to improve relations with the United States as well
B)to reduce support for Communist insurgents in Southeast Asia
C)to stop détente
D)to open new markets for American goods

Question 30

What happened in the Vietnamese village of My Lai in 1968?

A)A Viet Cong ambush killed nearly 100 American soldiers.
B)The United States captured secret documents proving the links between the American peace movement and the government in Hanoi.
C)American soldiers massacred more than 200 men, women, and children.
D)The Viet Cong suffered their worst defeat of the war.

Question 31

Arab nations placed an oil embargo on the United States in retaliation for

A)Nixon toppling the Allende government in Chile.
B)American support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War.
C)American resistance to Egypt nationalizing the Suez Canal.
D)American refiners refusing to use Arab tankers to transport oil.

Question 32

In 1971, a new economic phenomenon emerged that became known as

A)deflation.
B)inflation.
C)stagflation.
D)capital flight.

Question 33

The War Powers Act

A)prevented the president from involving the United States in war without authorization from Congress.
B)authorized the president to use force when deemed necessary.
C)attempted to amend the constitutional provision giving the president the power to make foreign policy.
D)forced the United States to withdraw all troops from Vietnam.

Question 34

President Nixon's staff created the "Plumbers," a special investigations unit, that

A)got rid of federal employees who were disloyal to the president.
B)conducted dirty tricks against the Democrats.
C)protected sensitive material from Soviet spies.
D)made sure that friendly reporters got access to the president.

Question 35

The most pressing issue for Nixon upon taking office was

A)Vietnam.
B)civil rights.
C)the environment.
D)the federal deficit.

Question 36

While Nixon was pledging to reduce American troop strength in Vietnam, he angered many Americans by

A)announcing that the war was lost.
B)invading Cambodia and Laos.
C)using the FBI to break up antiwar groups.
D)increasing training of secret police for South Vietnam.

Question 37

What was the reaction of the U.S. Senate when the last troops returned from Cambodia?

A)Senators repealed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
B)The Senate doubled the size of the American ground force in Vietnam.
C)It passed a resolution for the United States to get out of Vietnam as quickly as possible.
D)It called for a halt in bombing North Vietnam to spur negotiations.

Question 38

What was Nixon's southern strategy?

A)North Vietnam could be defeated by capturing its southern provinces only.
B)For the American economy to recover from stagflation, it had to look to the Southern hemisphere for new export opportunities.
C)The scientific and technological edge of the United States had to be developed in the Sunbelt States in the south.
D)By opposing forced school integration in southern states, he could shatter the Democratic party base there and make the American South staunchly Republican.

Question 39

The Nixon Doctrine

A)required countries threatened by communism to shoulder most of the military burden.
B)reoriented America's foreign policy toward Europe.
C)focused on the question of U.S. intervention in Latin America.
D)emphasized a tightening of the American defense of Taiwan.

Question 40

As president, Richard Nixon oversaw the formation of what government agency?

A)The Job Corps
B)Housing and Urban Development
C)The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
D)The Department of Education

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Henry Kissinger

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Robert Kennedy

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
My Lai

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Operation Chaos

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
George Wallace

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
SALT-I

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Robert McNamara

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Hubert Humphrey

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
War Powers Act

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Kent State

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Chicanos

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Tet Offensive

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Pentagon Papers

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Leonid Brezhnev

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Vietnamization

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Ia Drang Valley

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Salvador Allende

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Environmental Protection Agency

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Mann Doctrine

Question 61

Why did America lose the Vietnam War?

Question 62

Why did Lyndon Johnson escalate American involvement in Vietnam?

Question 63

Discuss Richard Nixon's foreign policy successes.

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
George McGovern

Question 65

Analyze the demographic and political realignment during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Good students will begin with the third-party candidacy of George Wallace.

Question 66

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Stagflation

Question 67

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
"Plumbers"

Question 68

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Philadelphia Plan

Question 69

Why did Richard Nixon get himself so entangled in Watergate?

Question 70

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Southern strategy

Question 71

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Silent Majority

Question 72

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Watergate

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Yom Kippur War

Question 75

To what extent were the struggles by women, Mexican Americans, and Indians continuations of the African American civil rights struggles of several years earlier?