Deck 14: Child, Teen, and Older Adult

Question 1

Children who are fed a vegan diet may have difficulty meeting their energy needs.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of anaphylactic shock?

A)It is caused by excessive intake of sugar.
B)It is caused by the loss of muscle mass in older adults.
C)It is a side effect caused by excessive intake of drugs.
D)It is a disease caused by HIV.
E)It is a life-threatening food allergic reaction.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The intake of _____ typically falls below the recommended dosage in children; therefore, these nutrients are given as supplements.

A)vitamin B ₆ and protein
B)vitamin A and vitamin C
C)sodium and potassium
D)fat and fiber
E)vitamin D and iron

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following is a precaution to help prevent a child from choking?

A)Giving the child round foods such as grapes and nuts
B)Serving snacks such as chips and popcorn
C)Allowing the child to eat while reclining
D)Not serving beverages with meals
E)Encouraging the child to sit when eating

Question 5

Which of the following is true of food neophobia often seen in infants and toddlers?

A)It is a fear associated with drinking milk.
B)It is a fear associated with eating vegetables.
C)It is a fear associated with eating fish.
D)It is a fear associated with trying new types of foods.
E)It is a fear associated with eating fruits.

Question 6

Which of the following foods is preferred by children?

A)Foods that are cooked with a variety of spices
B)Foods that have a mild flavor
C)Vegetables that are overcooked
D)Fruits that have a sour or bitter taste
E)Foods that are served hot

Question 7

The life span of human beings is believed to be 125 years.

Question 8

Many children prefer to consume sweet fruits and raw or undercooked mild-flavored vegetables.

Question 9

A decrease in physical activity among older people causes the loss of muscle tissue, resulting in sarcopenia.

Question 10

Loneliness affects many people, young and old alike, and can negatively influence overall health.

Question 11

Premenstrual syndrome is a cluster of symptoms that some women experience prior to and during menstruation.

Question 12

Anaphylactic shock is most often caused by:

A)oranges
B)bananas
C)peanuts
D)yeast breads
E)meat

Question 13

The nutrients missed from skipping breakfast can be made up by children at later meals and snacks during the day.

Question 14

As people age, the intestines lose muscle strength, resulting in sluggish motility that leads to constipation.

Question 15

Foods containing casein, a protein in milk, must have the word "milk" on their label.

Question 16

Ingestion of medical drugs such as antacids for prolonged periods of time reduces the absorption of iron in the body.

Question 17

Food intolerance is an adverse reaction to a type of food or a food additive that does not involve an immune response.

Question 18

People who consume two or more drugs at the same time are more vulnerable to nutrient-drug interactions.

Question 19

The adolescent growth spurt brings rapid growth and hormonal changes that affect only the muscles of the body.

Question 20

Dental caries refer to decay of the teeth.

Question 21

To prevent the early onset of cataracts, older adults should consume a diet that provides an ample supply of:

A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)vitamin A from fortified milk
D)carotenoids
E)calcium and vitamin D

Question 22

Which of the following worsens acne?

A)Chocolate
B)Stress
C)Swimming
D)Salt
E)Iodine

Question 23

Older adults should:

A)not consume fiber on a daily basis
B)consume foods high in saturated fats
C)consume twice as much protein as younger adults
D)avoid the consumption of calcium
E)increase the intake of vitamin D

Question 24

Which of the following brings about a severe immune reaction in the body?

A)Epinephrine
B)Antibodies
C)Antigens
D)Lead
E)Iron supplements

Question 25

Which of the following foods has a high potential to cause dental caries?

A)Cheese
B)Pizza
C)Plain yogurt
D)Dried fruit
E)Fresh fruit

Question 26

_____ is characterized by the development of unpleasant symptoms that consistently occur after the consumption of certain foods.

A)A food immunity
B)A food aversion
C)A food intolerance
D)A food allergy
E)A food faddism

Question 27

The life expectancy for white women is:

A)78 years
B)81 years
C)77 years
D)115 years
E)125 years

Question 28

Identify the role of epinephrine.

A)It helps open the airways and maintain heartbeat and blood pressure during an immune reaction.
B)It helps restrict the growth of bacterial cells that invade the human body.
C)It helps destroy abnormal cells that develop in the body.
D)It supplies excess insulin in diabetic patients.
E)It is used as a method of immunization against chicken pox.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of ADHD?

A)It is characterized by hallucinations.
B)It is characterized by the inability to pay attention.
C)It is caused by an increased intake of sugar in children.
D)It is caused by food allergies.
E)It is a type of physical disability.

Question 30

Why do adolescent girls require excess iron?

A)To increase their life span
B)To improve their pain tolerance
C)To support proper bone growth
D)To support menstruation
E)To prevent the development of acne

Question 31

Which of the following is not a symptom of an allergic reaction?

A)Asthma or wheezing
B)Development of hives or rashes
C)Irritated or reddened eyes
D)Tingling sensation in the mouth and tongue
E)Sudden increase in blood pressure

Question 32

Absorption of _____ appears to increase with aging.

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)calcium
D)iron
E)potassium

Question 33

Which of the following is a symptom of premenstrual syndrome?

A)Sore breasts
B)Wheezing
C)Fever
D)Hives
E)Shortness of breath

Question 34

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that older adults:

A)avoid resistance exercise to reduce fracture risk
B)perform at least 200 minutes of high-intensity exercise weekly
C)include a wide variety and multiple intensity levels of exercise in their exercise plans
D)omit balance exercises from their fitness routine if they are at a risk of falling
E)perform resistance training while seated if physical limitations make standing unsafe

Question 35

Which of the following is a long-term symptom of elevated blood lead concentrations in children?

A)Shortness of breath
B)Suppressed immune system
C)Rashes
D)Fever
E)Reduced bone and muscle growth

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true of plaque?

A)It is a mass of microorganisms and their deposits on the surface of the teeth.
B)The presence of plaque does not cause any harm to the teeth.
C)It is the fat deposited within arteries and causes atherosclerosis.
D)It is seen only in adolescents.
E)It is caused by lead poisoning.

Question 37

Children who skip breakfast:

A)are more likely to snack on fruits and vegetables
B)perform especially well in tasks requiring concentration
C)achieve higher test scores
D)are more likely to be overweight
E)often make up for missed nutrients at lunch and dinner

Question 38

One of the main effects of physical activity in the elderly is:

A)a weakened immune response
B)an improved quality of life
C)involuntary weight loss
D)poor balance
E)decreased food consumption

Question 39

Which nutrient is required to produce key neurotransmitters that regulate children's ability to pay attention?

A)Folate
B)Vitamin K
C)Vitamin D
D)Iron
E)Calcium

Question 40

Which of the following types of foods is likely to cause dental caries when consumed in excess?

A)Foods that are rich in fats
B)Foods that are rich in iron
C)Foods that are rich in proteins
D)Foods that are rich in carbohydrates
E)Foods that are rich in fiber

Question 41

Normal, everyday causes of "hyper" behavior in children include all of the following except :

A)caffeinated drinks
B)lack of sleep
C)missed meals
D)regular physical activity
E)excess television

Question 42

Which of the following would be the most appropriate daily snack for an active, normal-weight child?

A)Yogurt
B)Candy
C)Ice cream
D)Cola
E)Chips

Question 43

Which of the following lifestyle factors has been known to make people seem younger than their chronological ages?

A)Periodic weight-loss dieting
B)Weekly family meals
C)Psychological outlook
D)Abstinence from or moderation in alcohol use
E)Rising early each morning

Question 44

An adolescent boy has developed extensive acne on his face and wants advice on how to help improve it. What should he do?

A)Take vitamin A supplements because they can cure acne.
B)Try to reduce his stress level.
C)Avoid the consumption of chocolate because it worsens acne.
D)Stay out of the sun because it increases inflammation.
E)Avoid eating French fries.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true of an epiphyseal plate?

A)It consists of five bones between the rib cage and the pelvis.
B)It refers to a collection of bones in the wrist.
C)It is a surgical device that is used to heal fractured bones.
D)It is the highest attainable bone density in an individual, developing during the first 30 years of life.
E)It is a thick, cartilage-like layer that forms new cells that are eventually calcified, lengthening the bone.

Question 46

The best way to introduce new foods into a toddler's diet is to:

A)offer a reward if the child eats the new foods
B)introduce the new foods at the beginning of the meal when the child is hungry
C)offer each new food only once or twice before giving up
D)not allow the toddler to eat their favorite foods until they sample the new foods
E)forcefully feed the toddler the new foods the first few times

Question 47

What is the primary nutrition concern for a person suffering from Alzheimer's disease?

A)Prevention of weight loss
B)Elimination of dietary aluminum
C)Intake of iron and folate supplements
D)Treatment using the medicinal herb ginkgo biloba
E)Supplementation with vitamin B₁₂

Question 48

A seven-year-old boy who skips breakfast before going to school because he doesn't want to miss the school bus:

A)is less likely to become overweight
B)will easily make up the nutrients he missed during lunch and dinner
C)is likely to perform poorly on the tests he takes
D)will be commended by the teacher for paying close attention in class
E)is likely to outperform his classmates in tasks requiring concentration

Question 49

Which child in the given circumstances is at a significant risk of choking?

A)Susie, who is sitting down and eating tender beef strips
B)Tammy, who is eating carrot sticks under the watchful eye of her babysitter
C)Billy, who likes to run around the table before he begins to eat
D)Kim, who is standing still and eating chocolate pudding
E)Charles, who is snacking on grapes while reclining and watching television

Question 50

A teenager consumes a fast-food meal consisting of a hamburger, cola, and French fries. In order to consume an adequate diet, which food should be chosen at other meals during the day?

A)Animal protein foods
B)High-fat foods
C)Foods high in energy
D)Whole-grain foods
E)Foods high in starch

Question 51

What should parents or caregivers do to eliminate any obvious cause of hyperactivity in a boy who cannot concentrate on his school work?

A)Eliminate all sources of sugars from his diet.
B)Include mostly high-fiber, low-fat foods in his diet.
C)Reduce the hours he sleeps to keep him calm during the day.
D)Make sure he eats regular, nutritious meals.
E)Reduce his physical activity.

Question 52

A young child who used to like bananas now gets nauseated if he has to eat them. This has happened ever since he fell ill two months ago from spinning on a carousel right after eating a banana in the playground. This would be an example of a:

A)food allergy
B)food intolerance
C)food aversion
D)food immunity
E)food faddism

Question 53

At mealtimes, the best way to be sure children are receiving adequate nutrition from the foods they eat is to:

A)make them eat everything you have put on their plates
B)allow them to make all food decisions as determined by their favorites
C)remove a food they don't like and not force them to eat it
D)allow them to select from a variety of nutritious foods you have prepared
E)offer only the most nutrient-dense foods

Question 54

An adolescent girl drinks diet colas instead of milk because she wants to control her weight. What advice would you give her to help her develop peak bone mass?

A)Stop drinking diet colas immediately.
B)Increase your physical activity to make up for the low calcium intake.
C)Eat high-calcium snacks such as low-fat yogurt or cheese in place of empty-calorie snacks.
D)Reduce your physical activity so you won't need as much calcium to build bones.
E)Take a calcium supplement with the diet colas.

Question 55

Tommy consumed a breakfast consisting of yogurt with blueberries, corn grits, and orange juice. Shortly thereafter, Tommy experienced an allergic reaction. This reaction was most likely caused by the:

A)yogurt
B)corn grits
C)blueberries
D)orange juice
E)margarine in the corn grits

Question 56

Which of the following foods raises the risk of dental caries when consumed frequently?

A)Carrot sticks
B)Bagels
C)Chocolate milk
D)Plain yogurt
E)Apples

Question 57

Which of the following food items will a child most likely prefer?

A)Hot vegetable soup
B)Lightly crunchy steamed carrots
C)Undercooked rice with spices
D)Hot broccoli with an herb sauce
E)Spicy pasta

Question 58

Is lead poisoning still a problem for young children?

A)No, because water coming into houses from treatment plants contains no lead.
B)Yes, because children still have deficiencies of the vitamins and minerals that reduce the absorption of lead.
C)No, because current medical treatments can reverse the damage to the body.
D)Yes, because they may still have access to canned foods with high lead content.
E)Yes, because almost all toys marketed to children contain high amounts of lead.

Question 59

Joe is a 15-year-old active boy. However, his parents are concerned that Joe is not growing properly. To assess his growth, Joe's parents should:

A)compare Joe's height and weight with those of his best friend
B)compare Joe's height and weight with previous measures taken at intervals
C)compare Joe's height and weight with adult weight standards
D)compare Joe's height to teen weight standards
E)compare Joe's height and weight with their own height and weight

Question 60

Parents who wish to protect their children from lead toxicity would do all of the following except :

A)prevent their children from chewing on old painted surfaces
B)feed their children only one type of protein food at a time
C)wash their children's hands, bottles, and toys often
D)make sure their children get adequate calcium and iron intake
E)wipe the soil off everyone's shoes before entering the house

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true of caffeine?

A)Caffeine is a diuretic and causes water loss from the body.
B)Caffeine can reduce blood pressure.
C)Men who drink coffee have a higher risk of developing gallbladder disease.
D)Caffeine may slow down the loss of bone density in women.
E)Caffeinated beverages can contribute to daily fluid intakes.

Question 62

Can restaurant foods meet nutrient needs or support health as well as homemade foods? List a few examples of ways to improve a restaurant meal.

Question 63

A woman has been taking large doses of aspirin for six months to reduce back pain due to arthritis. This is most likely to affect the absorption of _____.

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)iron
D)zinc
E)vitamin E

Question 64

Describe the characteristics of children who do not eat breakfast on a regular basis.

Question 65

Which of the following foods can interfere with the absorption of certain antibiotics?

A)Dairy products
B)Iron-fortified cereals
C)Fruit juices
D)Foods rich in vitamin C
E)Foods rich in vitamin K

Question 66

Why do older adults face a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency when compared to younger adults?

Question 67

What changes are seen in our body's water balance as we get older?

A)Total body water increases because the kidneys become more efficient.
B)Our thirst mechanism does not work as efficiently so we may forget to drink fluids.
C)Increased intake of water can lead to additional fluid in the lungs, causing pneumonia.
D)In a person confined to bed, water retention can lead to pressure ulcers on the back.
E)Dehydration is not very common because total body water increases with age.

Question 68

Lois is a 65-year-old woman who participates in an exercise class three times a week. In addition, she drinks six glasses of water each day and regularly consumes fresh fruits and vegetables as well as whole-grain breads and cereals. Lois has high blood pressure, takes medication for her hypertension, and experiences constipation frequently. What is the most likely cause of her constipation?

A)High fiber intake
B)Insufficient exercise
C)Medication
D)High fluid intake
E)High-fat diet

Question 69

How can adults who parent or counsel busy adolescents help them to eat well?

Question 70

Why is dehydration a major risk for older adults, and what are some of the problems associated with dehydration in the elderly?

Question 71

Describe the link between antioxidants and cataracts.

Question 72

List some programs that provide assistance to older people.

Question 73

An elderly woman in a nursing home no longer goes outside to enjoy the sunshine and fresh air, has reduced her meat intake because her dentures don't fit well, and has recently been having difficulty concentrating on conversations with others. These symptoms indicate a deficiency of _____.

A)vitamin D and vitamin B ₁₂
B)vitamin A and folate
C)vitamin C and thiamin
D)vitamin K and riboflavin
E)vitamin C and vitamin E

Question 74

Why does energy requirement often decrease with advancing age?

Question 75

An elderly widower is having difficulty preparing meals and eating by himself. What advice would you give him?

A)Share your meals and time with others by inviting friends to dinner.
B)Eat often in restaurants because the meals are balanced nutritionally.
C)Avoid mixed dishes because they may contain too many calories per serving.
D)Purchase frozen dinners because they contain all the necessary food groups.
E)Start using Meals on Wheels.

Question 76

An elderly woman wants to begin an exercise program to keep herself healthy. What would you advise?

A)It is too late to begin an exercise program if she has not been exercising previously.
B)She should aim for 150 minutes of exercise or whatever she can safely perform each week.
C)She should perform vigorous weight-bearing exercise if she has lost bone density.
D)Resistance training may accelerate muscle loss and should be avoided.
E)She should limit exercise to seated, upper-body workouts so she doesn't elevate her heart rate.

Question 77

Describe how appetite regulates energy intake in children. How can the child's environment influence this process?

Question 78

Describe how the chronic use of laxatives can lead to malnutrition.

Question 79

Which of the following changes can be slowed down or prevented in older adults?

A)Elevated blood pressure
B)Graying hair
C)Menopause in women
D)Loss of fertility in men
E)Diminished visual memory

Question 80

Which of the following can increase the anti-blood clotting effect of aspirin and lead to severe hemorrhaging?

A)Nicotine
B)Caffeine
C)Ginkgo biloba
D)Antacids
E)MAO inhibitors