Deck 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following types of psychologist is MOST likely to work with people who have severe mental health problems?

A)C ounseling
B)C linical
C)S chool
D)R esearch

Answer 1

C linical

Question 2

Therapists who emphasize the application of learning principles in treatment use the _____ approach to psychotherapy.

A)behavior
B)biomedical
C)insight
D)emotion

Answer 2

behavior

Question 3

Therapists who emphasize altering an individual's physiological functioning in treatment use the _____ approach to psychotherapy.

A)behavior
B)biomedical
C)insight
D)emotion

Answer 3

biomedical

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major categories of psychotherapy?

A)B iomedical therapies
B)E motion therapies
C)B ehavior therapies
D)I nsight therapies

Question 5

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate? ​

A)The first systematic psychotherapy procedure was Freud's psychoanalysis.
B)Since Freud's time, all forms of treatment for psychological disorders have involved verbal interaction.
C)All psychotherapies employ essentially the same method of treatment.
D)Insight therapy is the most effective method for treating psychological disorders.

Question 6

A psychotherapist who participates in complex verbal interactions with clients in order to enhance clients' understanding of themselves and their problems would be classified as a(n) _____ therapist.

A)insight
B)behavior
C)biomedical
D)homeopathic

Question 7

Which of the following disorders would LEAST likely be treated by psychiatrists?

A)S chizophrenia
B)M ood disorder
C)A nxiety disorder
D)M arital problems

Question 8

The theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist is that

A)the clinical psychologist has a doctorate; the counseling psychologist has a master's degree.
B)the clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of mental disorders; the counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.
C)only the clinical psychologist can prescribe drugs.
D)clinical psychologists are trained to provide behavior therapy; counseling psychologists are trained to provide insight therapy.

Question 9

Vicki is seeing a therapist in an attempt to work through the troubles in her relationship with her father. She and her therapist often talk at length, and her therapist tries to help Vicki work through a variety of potential solutions for the problems she is facing. In this case, her therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as _____ therapy.

A)insight
B)behavior
C)biomedical
D)homeopathic

Question 10

John suffers from chronic anxiety. He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations. He decides to seek therapy. John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy, believing that if he can learn to calm himself down when he finds himself in anxiety-producing situations (like taking a psychology exam), he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is MOST likely to seek a therapist who emphasizes the _____ therapy approach.

A)behavior
B)biomedical
C)insight
D)emotion

Question 11

Compared to psychologists, in their provision of therapy, psychiatrists tend to ​

A)emphasize biomedical treatments more.
B)use group therapies more often.
C)use behavior therapies more often.
D)spend less time working with severely disturbed patients.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a true statement? ​

A)Women seek psychotherapy more than men.
B)The two most common problems that lead to psychotherapy are sexual problems and depression.
C)People seeking psychotherapy don't always have identifiable disorders.
D)Many people feel that seeking psychotherapy is an admission of personal weakness.

Question 13

John suffers from chronic anxiety. He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations. He decides to seek therapy. John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy, believing that if he learns why he is so anxious, he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is MOST likely to seek a therapist who emphasizes the _____ therapy approach.

A)behavior
B)biomedical
C)insight
D)emotion

Question 14

Claude has been seeing a therapist in an attempt to finally stop smoking. The therapist has described a number of specific techniques that they might try to eliminate Claude's behavior of smoking. In this case, his therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as _____ therapy.

A)insight
B)biomedical
C)homeopathic
D)behavior

Question 15

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A)Men are more likely than women to enter therapy.
B)People from the lower socioeconomic classes are more likely to enter therapy than those from the upper classes.
C)Many people who need therapy don't receive it.
D)Only people who have an identifiable mental disorder are eligible for therapy.

Question 16

Which of the following academic degrees is NOT associated with being a psychologist?

A)M.D.
B)Ph.D.
C)Psy.D.
D)Ed.D.

Question 17

Drug therapy is classified as a(n) _____ therapy; electroconvulsive shock therapy is classified as a(n) _____ therapy.

A)aversion; biomedical
B)biomedical; biomedical
C)biomedical; behavior
D)behavior; insight

Question 18

Your friend is interested in becoming a psychologist and wants to specialize in the treatment of full-fledged disorders. Which of the following specialties is she MOST likely to choose?

A)C ounseling psychologist
B)C linical psychologist
C)School psychologist
D)R esearch psychologist

Question 19

Approximately _____ of mental health patients are treated ONLY with medication.

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)90%

Question 20

The two MOST common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are

A)marital conflicts and a sense of emptiness.
B)loneliness and boredom.
C)low self-esteem and irrational thinking.
D)anxiety and depression.

Question 21

Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy are referred to as

A)transference.
B)frustration.
C)resistance.
D)projection.

Question 22

Jimmy has been in psychotherapy for several months, but during the last few sessions, he has been distracted and inattentive. When his therapist asks him to describe any dreams he has had recently, Jimmy insists that he doesn't remember any of his dreams. According to Freud, Jimmy's behavior may be a sign of

A)defensive neurosis.
B)resistance.
C)transference.
D)insight.

Question 23

Clive is a clinical psychologist and his sister Grace is a psychiatrist. The main difference between these two professionals would be the fact that Clive would ​

A)typically deal with patients who have more severe problems than the patients Grace usually sees.
B)normally treat young children, while Grace would treat more adults.
C)have a degree in psychology, while Grace would have a medical degree.
D)take a psychoanalytic approach in treating patients, while Grace would take a behavioral approach.

Question 24

Today, psychoanalysis is MOST likely to be practiced by

A)clinical psychologists.
B)counseling psychologists.
C)social workers.
D)psychiatrists.

Question 25

Psychoanalysis is a therapy that emphasizes

A)correcting habitual thinking errors.
B)the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses.
C)providing a supportive climate for clients.
D)improving interpersonal skills.

Question 26

In psychoanalysis, spontaneously expressing thoughts and feeling whenever they come to mind is known as

A)transference.
B)free association.
C)insight.
D)a defense mechanism.

Question 27

Therapy designed to help a client develop self-knowledge and thus progress to healthy changes in personality and behavior is known as _____ therapy.

A)psychopharmacological
B)emotive
C)behavioral
D)insight

Question 28

Ana has been in psychotherapy for five years. At the start of each session, she describes any dreams that she has had since her last session. Her therapist analyzes the symbolism in these dreams and helps Ana understand the unconscious conflicts that underlie the dreams. In this case, Ana is MOST likely seeing a therapist who is trained in

A)the client-centered approach.
B)rational-emotive therapy.
C)biofeedback therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 29

Transference in psychoanalytic therapy may reveal itself when the patient

A)transfers from one stage of analysis to another.
B)changes the way he or she feels about people who are close to him or her.
C)responds to the therapist as though he or she were the patient's parent.
D)shifts social roles during the course of therapy.

Question 30

According to Freud, the events in dreams ​

A)have no connection to the client's real life and thus are irrelevant in therapy.
B)are symbolic representations of recent events in the client's life.
C)need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client.
D)are logical interpretations of random neural activation.

Question 31

Freud considered _____ to be the MOST direct way to access the patient's unconscious, or the "royal road to the unconscious."

A)truth serum
B)hypnosis
C)free association
D)dreams

Question 32

Which of the following do psychoanalytic and client-centered therapies have in common?

A)They both deal with psychotic problems.
B)They both stress insight into the self.
C)They both require an M.D. to practice.
D)They both prescribe drugs as part of the treatment.

Question 33

Which of the following statements concerning psychiatrists is FALSE? ​

A)Psychiatrists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
B)Psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists.
C)Psychiatrists frequently emphasize biomedical therapy.
D)Psychiatrists are physicians and have a medical degree.

Question 34

During psychoanalysis, when a client begins to start relating to his or her therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in his or her life, the patient is said to be engaging in ​

A)transference.
B)frustration.
C)resistance.
D)projection.

Question 35

Freud believed that psychological disorders are caused by ​

A)current stressful situations in one's life.
B)inconsistency between one's self-concept and reality.
C)unconscious conflicts left over from early childhood.
D)maladaptive patterns of thinking established in childhood.

Question 36

Dr. Stroetz believes that most psychological disorders can be successfully treated by bringing unconscious conflicts and defenses into conscious awareness. Knowing this, you might expect that Dr. Stroetz's bookshelves contain a large number of books written by

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Hans Eysenck.
C)Carl Rogers.
D)Joseph Wolpe.

Question 37

Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to explore ​

A)the unconscious.
B)the conscious.
C)irrational thoughts.
D)maladaptive behaviors.

Question 38

A client in psychoanalysis has been arriving late for sessions, acting hostile toward the analyst, and making up dreams. This is MOST likely ​

A)transference.
B)frustration.
C)resistance.
D)projection.

Question 39

Freud's approach for the treatment of psychological disorders is ​

A)psychotherapy.
B)psychoanalysis.
C)unconscious therapy.
D)client-centered therapy.

Question 40

Mario recently started seeing a therapist. At the start of each session, Mario lies down and starts talking about anything that comes to mind. He often rambles, and he sometimes thinks that the things he describes seem trivial or silly, but his therapist encourages him to say whatever comes into his mind. This therapeutic technique is common among therapists who use a _____ approach to therapy.

A)client-centered
B)cognitive
C)psychoanalytic
D)holistic

Question 41

In the rich diversity of psychodynamic approaches to therapy available today, recent research reviews suggest that

A)transference still plays a role, but not interpretation.
B)free association no longer plays a role.
C)interpretation still plays a role, but not transference.
D)interpretation, resistance, and transference still play key roles.

Question 42

The major emphasis in client-centered therapy is to provide the client with

A)interpretation of unconscious thinking.
B)cognitive restructuring.
C)feedback and clarification.
D)good advice.

Question 43

Charlene is talking with her father and confesses that she lied about where she had been on the weekend. Her father tells Charlene that he loves her, but that he doesn't approve of her lying. According to Carl Rogers, Charlene's father is displaying the quality of

A)empathy.
B)validity.
C)unconditional positive regard.
D)selective abstraction.

Question 44

Tasha has been in psychotherapy for just over a year. Lately, she has started to express a strong sexual desire for her therapist. Unconsciously, she is acting toward him the way she wishes she could act toward her own husband. According to Freud, Tasha's behavior may be a sign of

A)transference.
B)resistance.
C)free association.
D)defensive neurosis.

Question 45

An important goal of client-centered therapy is to

A)help clients realize they don't have to worry constantly about approval from others.
B)help clients achieve a greater understanding of how long-repressed childhood conflicts can affect their adult behavior.
C)change the ways clients think.
D)modify clients' maladaptive behavior patterns.

Question 46

Dr. Benz always tries to be honest with her clients and never becomes defensive, even if the clients ridicule her feedback or her methods of therapy. According to Carl Rogers, Dr. Benz is displaying the quality of _____ in dealing with her clients.

A)empathy
B)genuineness
C)unconditional positive regard
D)validity

Question 47

Lange tells his therapist, "My whole world is a mess, and nobody cares for me or is concerned about what happens to me." Lange's therapist knows that he has many friends who are concerned about him, but she tells him, "I understand why you might feel that way right now, and it must be difficult for you to deal with your feelings of abandonment." In this interaction, Lange's therapist is displaying the quality that Carl Rogers termed ​

A)unconditional positive regard.
B)genuineness.
C)clarification.
D)empathy.

Question 48

In client-centered therapy, the therapist's key task is ​

A)clarification.
B)interpretation.
C)behavior modification.
D)cognitive evaluation.

Question 49

Dr. Nenning is a psychotherapist who is extremely supportive of all his clients. He encourages his clients to talk about their concerns, and he often acts as a sounding board, restating and clarifying the themes that come to the surface as his clients speak freely about their concerns and problems. Dr. Nenning appears to be a

A)therapist who uses a modern psychodynamic approach.
B)therapist who uses Beck's cognitive approach to therapy.
C)therapist who uses existential therapy methods.
D)client-centered therapist.

Question 50

Carl Rogers's client-centered therapy grew from the _____ tradition.

A)psychoanalytic
B)behaviorist
C)humanistic
D)cognitive

Question 51

In client-centered therapy, the _____ is more important than the _____.

A)climate; process
B)interpretation; climate
C)process; climate
D)evaluation; process

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that Carl Rogers believes is necessary in client-centered therapy to encourage client growth?

A)E mpathy
B)G enuineness
C)D irectedness
D)U nconditional positive regard

Question 53

Rogers believed that client-centered therapists must provide unconditional positive regard for their clients. In other words, they must

A)provide warmth and caring only when clients' behavior is appropriate.
B)communicate with clients in an honest and spontaneous manner.
C)understand the client's world from the client's point of view and be able to communicate this.
D)show nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person.

Question 54

At times, individuals decide to terminate therapy at a time the therapist feels is premature and at a point when therapy is about to make significant progress. This is an example of

A)interpretation.
B)repression.
C)transference.
D)resistance.

Question 55

Psychoanalysts often see transference as

A)an opportunity to help bring repressed feelings and conflicts to the surface.
B)a dangerous attachment that must be stopped immediately.
C)a sign that psychoanalysis may not be the best fit for that particular person.
D)evidence that it is almost time to discontinue psychotherapy.

Question 56

Which of the following statements BEST represents the approach of a client-centered therapist in treating a chronically anxious client?

A)"Let's look for ways in which you might actually be benefiting from your anxiety."
B)"So, you feel that your world is a very scary place to be."
C)"Let's see if we can identify the irrational beliefs that are producing your anxiety."
D)"Do you feel that your mother adequately met your need for emotional support when you were a child?"

Question 57

Dr. Brittain uses a therapeutic technique that focuses on providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who in turn play a major role in determining the pace and direction of therapy. Dr. Brittain is MOST likely a

A)rational-emotive therapist.
B)client-centered therapist.
C)psychoanalytic therapist.
D)Gestalt therapist.

Question 58

Contemporary psychodynamic approaches to therapy tend to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)neglect emotional experience.
B)identify recurring life patterns.
C)focus on the therapeutic relationship.
D)address early childhood experiences.

Question 59

According to Rogers, personal distress occurs when ​

A)unconscious conflicts threaten to rise to the surface of conscious awareness.
B)a person engages in negative thinking.
C)there is incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality.
D)a person is lacking in self-control.

Question 60

Carl Rogers named his technique "client-centered therapy" to emphasize his belief that

A)clients should play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.
B)clients should always be the center of attention.
C)therapists should always share all of their thoughts, feelings, and experiences with clients.
D)the client is in a position of natural status and authority over the therapist.

Question 61

No matter what Sam tells his therapist concerning his failures or successes, weaknesses or strengths, spiteful behaviors or good deeds, or vengeful feelings or positive emotions, his therapist is very accepting of him as a person. Sam's therapist is showing him ​

A)unconditional positive regard.
B)genuineness.
C)empathy.
D)transference.

Question 62

The MOST important aspect of group therapy is that group members ​

A)provide acceptance and emotional support.
B)challenge one another's false belief structures.
C)increase conformity and compliance.
D)reduce both transference and resistance.

Question 63

Improved communication skills are MOST relevant to

A)psychoanalysis.
B)couples and family therapy.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)aversion therapy.

Question 64

Clients' ratings, therapists' ratings, and scores on psychological tests could all be used as measures of

A)therapists' professional competence.
B)the effectiveness of insight therapy.
C)placebo effects.
D)personality differences among clients.

Question 65

According to Rogers, a person's overdependence on others for approval and acceptance is caused by

A)transference.
B)incongruence.
C)resistance.
D)maladaptive behavior.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about group therapy is LEAST accurate?

A)Therapy groups typically consist of 4 to 12 participants.
B)The therapist often screens out people who are likely to be disruptive.
C)Group participants essentially function as therapists for each other.
D)Group therapy is typically more expensive than individual therapy.

Question 67

Dr. Dieringer is a behavior therapist. Her major concern in treating an abnormal behavior would be to discover ​

A)the childhood unconscious conflict that led to the behavior.
B)how learning factors are evoking the troublesome behavior.
C)the ways in which the behavior keeps the client from becoming self-actualized.
D)the inappropriate thought patterns that underlie the behavior.

Question 68

In which of the following forms of therapy are individuals MOST clearly viewed as part of an ecosystem that affects their behavior?

A)R ational-emotive therapy
B)F amily therapy
C)R ole-model therapy
D)C lient-centered therapy

Question 69

Freud is to unconscious conflicts as Rogers is to

A)catharsis.
B)maladaptive habits.
C)incongruence.
D)clarification.

Question 70

Which type of therapy will MOST likely be used more frequently in the future due to economic pressures in mental health care?

A)C lient-centered therapy
B)W ell-being therapy
C)P ositive psychotherapy
D)G roup therapy

Question 71

Jim is 14 years old and has been participating in individual therapy. Although he has made progress, his therapist is concerned that Jim will relapse because of his dysfunctional home environment. Jim's therapist is MOST likely to recommend

A)psychoanalysis.
B)client-centered therapy.
C)family therapy.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT one of the three conditions Rogers believed was important to help create a supportive emotional climate for therapy?

A)U nconditional positive regard
B)E mpathy
C)G enuineness
D)F riendship

Question 73

In couples therapy, the primary focus of treatment is ​

A)the relationship between the partners.
B)early childhood memories.
C)negotiations with extended family members.
D)the children's home environment.

Question 74

Goals of client-centered therapy include helping clients do all of the following EXCEPT ​

A)have an accurate self-concept.
B)gain self-acceptance.
C)resolve unconscious conflicts.
D)realize they do not have to worry about winning acceptance from others.

Question 75

According to behavior therapists, pathological behaviors

A)are signs of an underlying emotional or cognitive problem.
B)should be viewed as the expression of an unconscious sexual or aggressive conflict.
C)can be modified directly, through the application of established principles of conditioning.
D)are the product of irrational thinking.

Question 76

With regard to psychological disorders, spontaneous remission refers to a ​

A)recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment.
B)recovery from a disorder that occurs as a result of formal treatment.
C)sudden recurrence of a disorder in a client who had apparently been cured.
D)failure to recover despite extensive treatment.

Question 77

Some theorists have proposed that all insight therapies share several common characteristics that explain their effectiveness.  Which of the following is NOT one of the proposed common factors?

A)D evelopment of a therapeutic alliance
B)E motional support and empathy
C)O pportunity to express feelings
D)F ocus on problematic behaviors

Question 78

Carolyn worked for the same company for 12 years. Six months ago, the company closed down. Carolyn has been feeling extremely depressed over the loss of her job, and she has considered seeing a therapist for help with her depression. However, for the past week she has felt much better and has decided that she doesn't need professional treatment after all. In this case, Carolyn appears to have experienced

A)spontaneous remission.
B)personal insight.
C)the placebo effect.
D)transference.

Question 79

Client-centered therapy is like psychoanalysis in the sense that both

A)seek to uncover one's unconscious motivations.
B)are usually done by a psychiatrist.
C)concentrate on issues brought up by transference.
D)seek to achieve a major reconstruction of a client's personality.

Question 80

Which of the following are likely to play the LEAST active (most subtle) role in conducting therapy?

A)B ehavior therapists
B)C ognitive therapists
C)G roup therapists
D)P sychoanalytic therapists