Deck 14: Technology and Criminal Justice

Question 1

The validity and accuracy o f many forensic science meth ods used by police and prosecutors is beyond dispute.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The FBI fingerprint database includes fingerprints of both criminals and noncriminals, such as people who work for the federal government.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The government of North Korea was accused of creating fake U.S. currency in order to create instability in the American economy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Federal Bureau of Prisons obtains DNA through blood samples from all incoming offenders.

Question 5

When it was first introduced, the electric chair was seen as an example of technological progress towards a more humane method of execution.

Question 6

The FBI's National Computer Crime Squad is tasked with investigating instances of industrial espionage.

Question 7

Several hundred people in the United States have died from injuries inflicted by tasers.

Question 8

Illegally downloading music from the Internet is a federal crime in the United States.

Question 9

Technological advances have resulted in the ability of all police departments to determine the exact location of cell phones that have dialed 911.

Question 10

Police have been collecting fingerprint information from offenders for nearly 200 years.

Question 11

The invention of a new device (or development of a new technology) always benefits actors in the criminal justice system.

Question 12

Lawbreakers can develop and use technology for the purpose of committing crimes.

Question 13

Cyber theft involves the theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information

Question 14

In Kyllo v. United States (2001), the Supreme Court asserted that law enforcement officials cannot examine a home with a thermal-imaging device unless they obtain a warrant.

Question 15

The FBI's National Computer Crime Squad investigates all types of crimes.

Question 16

Millions of Americans perform illegal downloads every day.

Question 17

New technologies produce the risks of unanticipated, undesirable risks and consequences.

Question 18

Most incidents of cyber attacks against businesses are reported to law enforcement authorities.

Question 19

Polygraph evidence is frequently admissible as evidence in criminal courts.

Question 20

The most frequent type of data analyzed by forensic crime laboratories is DNA evidence.

Question 21

Several states have begun collecting DNA samples from individuals arrested, but not yet convicted, of committing a criminal act.

Question 22

Less-lethal weapons may cause officers to act too quickly when an incident might be handled without force.

Question 23

Jurors who conduct their own Internet investigations can cause mistrials.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about technology and crime is true?

A) Lawbreakers do not have the capacity to invent their own devices.
B) Lawbreakers will shy away from crime because of the challenge of new technology.
C) ​Lawbreakers can develop and use technology for the purpose of committing crimes.
D) Lawbreakers will wait for new technology to be invented before they attempt a crime.
E) Technology always gives police the upper hand.

Question 25

Criminal offenders can sometimes be identified through the DNA of family members if their own DNA is not available for testing.

Question 26

Over 200 people have been freed from prison after DNA testing proved they were actually innocent of the crimes for which they were convicted.

Question 27

Prior to the invention of the electric chair, the method of execution most often used in the United States was:

A) lethal injection.
B) firing squad.
C) hanging.
D) guillotine.
E) stoning.

Question 28

James Byrne (2008) classifies devices such as pepper spray as "good technology" and contrasts that with the development of tasers, which he classifies as "bad technology."

Question 29

Facial recognition software can quickly identify criminal suspects in crowded areas.

Question 30

Surveillance cameras that monitor and ticket people who run red lights are potentially in conflict with citizens' civil liberties.

Question 31

Forensic evidence, such as fingerprints, handwriting, and bite mark analysis have been determined to be reliable through scientific testing.

Question 32

More money is spent every year on technologically based training and education for prisoners than on security.

Question 33

Benefits of DNA analysis are that it is inexpensive and results can be generated very quickly.

Question 34

Who was the first man condemned to execution using the electric chair?

A) William Musafina.
B) William Kemmler.
C) William Douglas.
D) William Saine.
E) William Griffen.

Question 35

New devices designed specifically to protect property or to assist police will generate ________ behavior by would-be lawbreakers.

A) resentful
B) hesitant
C) adaptive
D) gleeful
E) angry

Question 36

Which of the following statements about technology and society is true?

A) Technology is moving so fast society is left no alternative but to trust science.
B) Society finds new technology baffling and disruptive.
C) Society presumes scientific advances lead to progress and are always beneficial.
D) Society mistrusts science and are wary of any claims to benefits.
E) ​ Society's trust in science has waver ed over time .

Question 37

In the case of In re Kemmler (1890), the Supreme Court decided that:

A) the death penalty was cruel and unusual.
B) the government could not use heat-sensing technology to search a home.
C) police used excessive force when using pepper spray against Kemmler.
D) the use of the electric chair was a humane method of extinguishing life.
E) Kemmler was required to provide a DNA sample at arrest.

Question 38

There has never been a death occurring as a result of the use of rubber bullets by police.

Question 39

Police use technology in ______ would-be lawbreakers.

A) competition with
B) conjunction with
C) passive response to
D) anticipation of
E) resistance to

Question 40

Public defenders have easy access to video technology that allows them to recreate a crime scene with computer-generated images.

Question 41

In 2008, 19 Americans died as a result of taking counterfeit heparin that had been imported from:

A) North Korea.
B) China.
C) Iran.
D) Thailand.
E) Canada.

Question 42

Which of the following statements about technology and crime is true?

A) Computers and other technologies also create opportunities to commit new kinds of crimes, such as cybercrime and counterfeiting.
B) Technology has led to the illegal downloading of software, music, videos, and other copyrighted materials.
C) Cyber criminals use computers to steal information, resources, or funds.
D) Technology has led to the dissemination of child pornography.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 43

The theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in order to secure items while posing as someone else  is called:

A) cyber crime.
B) identify theft.
C) forgery.
D) phishing .
E) uttering.

Question 44

_____   crime involves the use of computers and the Internet to commit acts against people, property, public order, or morality.

A) Victimless
B) Network
C) Cyber
D) Juvenile
E) Computer

Question 45

Which of the following is not a category of cyber crime?

A) Using a computer to steal someone's identity
B) Hacking into a bank computer to withdraw money from someone else's account
C) Soliciting minors online for sex
D) Spamming Internet email accounts for false donations.
E) Solicitation and prostitution.

Question 46

In 2009 the National Academy of Sciences (2009) produced a report that:

A) supported the validity  and accuracy of many forensic science methods used  by police and prosecutors.
B) the police used new technology always in appropriate ways.
C) questioned the validity and accuracy of many forensic science methods used by police and prosecutors.
D) society was distrustful whenever the police used new technologies in their investigations.
E) ​championed the continued use of technology by the police and prosecutors.

Question 47

Which of the following is not a responsibility of the FBI's National Computer Crime Squad?

A) Pirated computer software.
B) Major computer network intrusions.
C) Industrial espionage.
D) Network integrity violations.
E) Telebank thefts.

Question 48

Which socioeconomic group is often hit the hardest by identify theft?

A) The poor
B) The middle class
C) Lower middle class
D) The affluent
E) The tax exempt

Question 49

________ becomes an element in the interaction, competition, and conflict between human beings who have opposing objectives.

A) Education
B) Criminal intent
C) Technology
D) Money
E) Government

Question 50

Why was the U.S. government's effort to avoid monetary counterfeiting in 1996 met with disappointment?

A) A security thread embedded in the paper failed.
B) North Korea purchased the same currency-printing technology that a Swiss company had sold to the U.S. Department of Treasury.
C) A watermark including the portrait of the figure on the bill became smudged.
D) Microprinting technology made it easy to imitate U.S. currency.
E) The optically variable ink was used in smaller denominations only.

Question 51

Credit card fraud cost online merchants close to _____ per year.

A) $1 million
B) $10 million
C) $30 million
D) $60 million
E) $1 billion

Question 52

Which of the following is not a responsibility of the FBI's National Computer Crime Squad?

A) Intrusions of the public switched network (the telephone company).
B) Major computer network intrusions.
C) Threatening emails and cell phone calls.
D) Network integrity violations.
E) Privacy violations.

Question 53

Which of the following is the most common type of cyber crime?

A) Industrial espionage.
B) Gun traficking.
C) Money laundering.
D) Counterfeiting.
E) Identity theft.

Question 54

The most common form of identity theft is ____ fraud.

A) credit card
B) bank account
C) tax refund
D) mortgage
E) loans

Question 55

"41 9 scams " offer larg e sum s of mone y i n exchang e fo r payment s fro m thes e targete d frau d victims and   i s name d afte r whic h country' s crimina l code?

A) Italy
B) United States
C) Mexico
D) Russia
E) Nigeria

Question 56

In 1996, the United States had to redesign American currency to combat:

A) bank robbery.
B) money laundering.
C) counterfeiting.
D) cyber crime.
E) embezzlement.

Question 57

This organization is responsible for controlling counterfeit drugs.

A) FCC
B) FBI
C) FIC
D) FDA
E) FFF

Question 58

The FBI's CAT initiative stands for:

A) Counsel at Transition
B) Criminals and Technology
C) Cyber Action Team
D) Crime and Terrorism
E) Creative Assessment of Targets

Question 59

Because of large profits, organized crime groups have been involved in the counterfeiting of ___________ drugs.

A) illegal.
B) prescription.
C) mainly anti-depressants.
D) over-the-counter drugs.
E) marijuana .

Question 60

Which of the following statements about technology and crime is false?

A) The acquisition of technology has made drug traffickers less dangerous in battling their rivals and threatening witnesses.
B) Technology has led to the illegal downloading of software, music, videos, and other copyrighted materials.
C) Cyber criminals use computers to steal information, resources, or funds.
D) Technology has led to the dissemination of child pornography.
E) Computers and other technologies also create opportunities to commit new kinds of crimes, such as cyber crime and counterfeiting.

Question 61

Impressions of the unique pattern of ridges on the fingertip that are left behind on objects are called:

A) latent fingerprints.
B) latent impressions.
C) residual fingerprints.
D) tell-tale signs.
E) CSI techniques.

Question 62

The database containing DNA samples used by law enforcement is:

A) CODIS.
B) GIS.
C) IAFIS.
D) NIJ.
E) NCVS.

Question 63

A scientific technique that identifies people through their distinctive gene patterns is:

A) DNA analysis.
B) fingerprint analysis.
C) toxicology analysis.
D) blood splatter analysis.
E) hair/fiber analysis.

Question 64

Where would a person's DNA be found?

A) All the cells in an individual's body
B) Skin cells only
C) Blood cells only
D) Hair only
E) Semen only

Question 65

The inclusion of _________________ in officer patrol cars has increased the numbers of arrests made by police.

A) pepper spray
B) radios
C) cell phones
D) computers
E) handcuffs

Question 66

Which of the following statements about the use of new technology in policing is true?

A) Only a few departments can afford new technology.
B) Police departments stand to gain very little from the use of new technology.
C) New technology may raise issues regarding constitutional rights.
D) Police rarely use new technology.
E) None of these statements are true; all are false.

Question 67

Police departments analyze hot spots, crime trends, and other crime patterns with which of the following technologies?

A) Thermal imaging
B) Call For Assistance Analysis (CFAA)
C) Cell Phone Tower Analysis (CPTA)
D) Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and software
E) Smart Phone Imaging Technology (SPIT)

Question 68

The inclusion of _______ on police cars can increase the number of license plates checked by about 80 times the number that can be checked by a police officer.

A) a radar detector
B) a GPS tracking device
C) a camera-computer system
D) a dash camera
E) a laptop computer

Question 69

Weapons that are meant to incapacitate a suspect without inflicting serious injuries are called:

A) soft weapons.
B) subdue and suppress weapons.
C) non-fatal weapons.
D) friendly-fire weapons.
E) less-lethal weapons.

Question 70

The use of computers inside patrol cars has improved which of the following?

A) Higher expectations of police efficiency
B) Efficiency
C) Electronic communication
D) Less handwriting
E) All of the above have been improved by the use of computers inside patrol cars.

Question 71

In which court case did the Supreme Court assert that law enforcement officials cannot examine a home with a thermal-imaging device unless they obtain a warrant?

A) Maryland v. King (2013)
B) Riley v. California (2014)
C) United States v. Jones (2012)
D) King v Wells (2013)
E) Kyllo v. United States (2001)

Question 72

Databases permit officers to use their computers to check all of the following except:

A) outstanding warrants
B) protection orders
C) driving records
D) divorce records
E) criminal histories

Question 73

What percentage of departments have patrol cars that have in-vehicle computers?

A) 50
B) 60
C) 70
D) 80
E) 90

Question 74

New technology allows law enforcement to detect these by using sensors strategically placed throughout various neighborhoods.

A) Robberies
B) Gunshots
C) Assaults
D) Car accidents
E) Terrorist cells

Question 75

Which of the following would not be a scientific test or procedure performed by a forensic science laboratory?

A) Narcotics testing
B) Firearm testing
C) Fingerprint analysis
D) DNA analysis
E) Autopsy

Question 76

The federal government uses a fingerprint data system called:

A) CODIS.
B) GIS.
C) IAFIS.
D) NIJ.
E) NCVS.

Question 77

In Lansing, Michigan, police officers can search for warrants on citizens by simply:

A) swiping their driver's license.
B) testing a sample of their saliva.
C) scanning their fingerprints.
D) running a facial recognition program.
E) taking their picture.

Question 78

In the case of Kyllo v. United States , police used a thermal imaging camera to determine if suspects living in a house were:

A) growing marijuana.
B) forging currency.
C) stealing identities.
D) downloading child pornography.
E) planning terrorist activities.

Question 79

GIS technology is used to:

A) map crime to identify "hot spots."
B) test whether suspects are telling the truth.
C) reduce the likelihood of injury from weapons.
D) limit the number of lawsuits brought against the police.
E) sort and prioritize incoming 911 calls.

Question 80

Which of the following statements is true about forensic evidence?

A) It can identify offenders accurately, even when mishandled by technicians.
B) Bite marks have been scientifically validated as reliable.
C) As DNA evidence ages it becomes more difficult to use to identify individuals.
D) Ten inmates on death row have been proven to be wrongly incarcerated after DNA evidence was tested.
E) The Supreme Court has ruled that individuals have the right to access the original evidence from their cases for DNA analysis.