Deck 18: Fluid Therapy and Emergency Drugs

Question 1

Which of the following is false about rehydration?

A)Dehydration affects younger animals much more rapidly than older animals.
B)Older patients with chronic disease may require less fluids than other animals.
C)Animals need more fluids if they are active or if the weather is hot or humid.
D)Drugs such as glucocorticoids and diuretics will alter fluid and electrolyte requirements.

Answer 1

Older patients with chronic disease may require less fluids than other animals.

Question 2

Calcium is given to patients for all of the following reasons except ______.

A)milk fever
B)eclampsia
C)severe shock
D)endocrine disorders

Answer 2

severe shock

Question 3

Which of the following is a sensible fluid loss that can be measured?

A)Sweat
B)Ventilation
C)Mucous membrane evaporation
D)Urine

Answer 3

Urine

Question 4

Which of the following can be stored frozen?

A)Plasma
B)Whole blood
C)Albumin
D)Dextran

Question 5

An adult 11-lb cat with 3 percent dehydration (mild to no evidence of clinical dehydration, but a history of fluid loss)comes into the clinic. The cat is to be kept npo (nothing by mouth). Calculate a fluid dose for this cat (in this case, use 2 mL/kg/hr).

A)240 mL
B)390 mL
C)150 mL
D)192 mL

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Hypotonic solutions have osmolality higher than that of the fluid component of blood.
B)Isotonic solutions produce no significant changes in the osmolality of blood.
C)The osmolality of hypertonic solutions is lower than that of the fluid component of blood.
D)Tonicity is based on a measurement called solute.

Question 7

What is the patient's dehydration percentage if they have tacky mucous membranes and their abdomen feels doughy?

A)6-8%
B)10-12%
C)5%
D)>12%

Question 8

An adult dog weighing 40 lb needs maintenance fluids. Calculate the amount of fluids this dog needs per 24 hours (in this case, use 3 mL/kg/hr).

A)54 mL
B)1,634 mL
C)68 mL
D)1,309 mL

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about colloids?

A)They have high sodium concentrations.
B)They have about the same solute concentration as blood.
C)They are fluids with large molecules that enhance the oncotic pressure of blood.
D)They stay in the vasculature for a short time.

Question 10

What are the predominant cations that regulate electrolyte balance?

A)Chloride and sodium
B)Sodium and potassium
C)Potassium and chloride
D)Phosphate and bicarbonate

Question 11

Which of the following is a hypotonic solution?

A)5 percent dextrose in water
B)3 percent normal saline
C)Lactated Ringer's solution
D)0.9 percent sodium chloride

Question 12

What is isotonic saline used for?

A)To increase body weight
B)To expand plasma volume
C)To treat hypernatremia
D)To treat shock

Question 13

What is the preferred route for animals that are not eating or drinking and who are moderately to severely dehydrated?

A)Orally
B)Subcutaneously
C)Intraosseously
D)Intravenously

Question 14

How is the amount of fluid to be delivered adjusted in a drip administration set?

A)With screw clamps
B)With roller clamps
C)With slide clamps
D)With compression clamps

Question 15

Which of the following are used to treat hypovolemic shock?

A)Hypotonic solutions
B)Hydroxyethyl starch
C)Isotonic solutions
D)Hypertonic solutions

Question 16

What is the fluid of choice in many disease situations related to dehydration?

A)Lactated Ringer's solution
B)Normosol-R
C)Plasma-Lyte
D)Vetivex

Question 17

What is used in IV fluid to correct hypoglycemia?

A)Sodium bicarbonate
B)Potassium
C)Dextrose
D)Calcium

Question 18

What is the normal serum potassium level?

A)3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L
B)5.5 to 7.5 mEq/L
C)7.5 to 9.5 mEq/L
D)9.5 to 11.5 mEq/L

Question 19

Which of the following are transient, meaning they work quickly, but their effects are short-lived?

A)Hypotonic solutions
B)Hydroxyethyl starch
C)Isotonic solutions
D)Hypertonic solutions

Question 20

Which of the following is a synthetic colloid?

A)Plasma
B)Whole blood
C)Albumin
D)Dextrans

Question 21

What is the typical administration rate for pediatric drip administration?

A)15 gtt/mL
B)60 gtt/mL
C)10 gtt/mL
D)20 gtt/mL

Question 22

What is the goal of emergency treatment?

A)To prevent renal failure
B)To metabolize acidosis
C)To correct tissue hypoxia
D)To maintain adequate oxygenation of vital organs

Question 23

What drug is used to reverse an opioid overdose?

A)Epinephrine
B)Naloxone
C)Atropine
D)Diazepam

Question 24

Which of the following indicate that the patient is receiving too much fluids?

A)Decreased urine output
B)Decreased serous secretions
C)Harsh lung sounds
D)Slowed respiratory rate

Question 25

What is the typical administration rate for adult drip administration?

A)15 gtt/mL
B)60 gtt/mL
C)10 gtt/mL
D)20 gtt/mL