Deck 10: The Tower of Babel: Programming Languages

Question 1

C# offers a feature called garbage collection that automatically reclaims memory no longer needed by the program.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

C++ is in fact a "subset" of C, meaning that all of the C++ language is part of C.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Java is the language used to frame database queries. _________________________

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Logic programming languages are sometimes called declarative languages. _________________________

Question 5

FORTRAN does allow the use of external libraries.

Question 6

Writing all computer programs in the same programming language would be more efficient because all languages meet essentially the same needs.

Question 7

The use of parallelism always reduces processing time because subtasks are being executed concurrently.

Question 8

Unlike FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, and Ada, which were carefully developed as programming languages, ____________________, a modern, object-oriented language, was almost an accident.

Question 9

Lady Ada Lovelace is regarded as the world's first programmer on the basis of her correspondence with Charles Babbage and her published notes on his work with the Analytic Engine.

Question 10

Much of the processing in the business world concerns updating "transaction files" with changes from "master files."

Question 11

Although C++ supports the basic arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by providing simple operators (+, −, *, /)to do these tasks, there is no operator for exponentiation-that is, raising a value to a power.

Question 12

Procedural languages act the same regard to the details of assigning a new value to a variable, in the mechanisms, the language provides for directing the flow of control through conditional and looping statements, and in the statement forms that control input and output.

Question 13

The majority of business transactions, billions of them per day, are still done on ____________________ code that has now been updated and is likely to continue to run for the foreseeable future.

Question 14

C++ was designed with engineering applications in mind. _________________________

Question 15

At some point, an increase in the _______ of processors can become more of a hindrance than a help, due to the extra data communication required.

Question 16

COBOL and ____________________ were the dominant high-level languages of the 1960s and 1970s.

Question 17

C programs cannot make use of low-level information such as knowledge of where data are stored in memory. _________________________

Question 18

Early versions of FORTRAN did not include a while loop mechanism. _________________________

Question 19

Early versions of FORTRAN allowed the use of mathematical symbols such as to compare two quantities.

Question 20

Scripting language or script code fragments can be embedded in _______ to make those pages active rather than static.

Question 21

A device _______ is a program written to interact with an I/O device.

A)driver
B)object
C)translator
D)hook

Question 22

Compared to functional programming, ____ goes a step further toward not specifying exactly how a task is to be done.

A)logic interfacing
B)logic structuring
C)logic outlining
D)logic programming

Question 23

With a suitable parallel processor, a search for the largest of 1,000,000 numbers requires (2*lg N), or ____ steps.

A)1
B)500
C)40
D)1,000,000

Question 24

Today ____ is still strong in the transportation industry (aircraft, helicopters, subway systems, European high-speed train control systems)and in safety monitoring systems at nuclear reactors as well as in financial and communication systems.

A)Ada
B)C
C)Java
D)C++

Question 25

One of the newest languages, ____, was designed for building apps on the iOS and OS X operating systems.

A)Go
B)C++
C)Swift
D)F#

Question 26

Old computer code that is still in use is known as ____.

A)legacy code
B)spaghetti code
C)Y2K code
D)portable code

Question 27

____, which includes MIMD, is really a catchall term for a variety of approaches to computing architectures and algorithm design.

A)Distributed processing
B)Serial processing
C)Parallel processing
D)Scalable processing

Question 28

Using a single processor, finding the largest of N numbers takes ____ time.

A)θ(1)
B)θ ( N log N )
C)θ (N ² )
D)θ ( N )

Question 29

____ was the first high-level programming language that was actually implemented.

A)COBOL
B)BASIC
C)PL-1
D)FORTRAN

Question 30

A ____ occurs when a function, in the course of acting on its argument values to produce a result value, also changes other values that it has no business changing.

A)Side effect
B)Side line
C)Secondary interface
D)Secondary routine

Question 31

____ is the most widely used language for writing system software because it combines the power of a high-level language with the ability to circumvent that level of abstraction and work at the assembly-language-like level.

A)C++
B)Pascal
C)Java
D)C

Question 32

A(n)____ is a model or mental framework for representing or thinking about something.

A)pyramid
B)paradigm
C)architecture
D)stack

Question 33

____ was born out of frustration with existing languages and environments for systems programming.

A)F#
B)C#
C)Go
D)FORTRAN

Question 34

A ____ expresses a property about a single object or a relationship among several objects.

A)Prolog fact
B)Prolog fallacy
C)Prolog query
D)Prolog rule

Question 35

READ is the __________ implementation of "input."

A)Fortran
B)Cobol
C)C++
D)C#

Question 36

The task of finding the largest number in a list can be solved in a MIMD parallel fashion using the ____ model.

A)distributed
B)divide-and-conquer
C)piecewise
D)stepwise

Question 37

____ was originally designed for systems programming, in particular, for writing the operating system UNIX.

A)COBOL
B)C
C)Python
D)Java

Question 38

_________ code is freely available and can be used, distributed, or modified by anyone.

A)Public domain
B)Open source
C)Free code
D)Dynamic

Question 39

Java ____ are programs designed to run from webpages.

A)applications
B)beans
C)grounds
D)applets

Question 40

Directing the flow of control in a FORTRAN program by using ____ statements is similar to using the various JUMP statements in the assembly language.

A)BRANCH
B)RUN
C)GOSUB
D)GO TO

Question 41

Discuss dynamic webpages and PHP.

Question 42

Discuss Prolog facts and Prolog rules. How do these affect Prolog queries?

Question 43

Explain what an expert system is.

Question 44

Is recursion the major argument for using a functional language? If not, what is?

Question 45

Describe in detail what a metalanguage like XML is and what it can do.

Question 46

What does programming in a logic programming language consist of?

Question 47

Explain the MIMD model of parallel architecture.

Question 48

Discuss open source programming languages such as Swift and Go. What are some of the benefits and pitfalls of open source languages?

Question 49

With what is SQL designed to be used?

Question 50

What is HTML used for?