Deck 7: 2017 Marriage

Question 1

About what percentage of married couples in the U.S. are same-sex couples?

A)one-half of one percent
B)two percent
C)five percent
D)ten percent

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What was the first country to allow same-sex partners to legally marry?

A)Japan
B)the United States
C)Sweden
D)the Netherlands

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Around 1950, family sociologists described a standard pattern of marriage at about age 20 for women and age ____ for men

A)18
B)20
C)22
D)26

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, __________ percent of marriages lasted until the children left home.

A)80
B)70
C)60
D)50

Question 5

The Netherlands first enacted a civil marriage law in

A)1200
B)1590
C)1850
D)1970

Question 6

Polygamy has been illegal in the United States since

A)1250
B)1878
C)1584
D)1933

Question 7

_______, or having more than one spouse, is culturally accepted in many parts of the world.

A)Monogamy
B)Cohabitation
C)Serial monogamy.
D)Polygamy

Question 8

In the United States, __________ remains the most socially acceptable-and stable-gateway to family life.

A)marriage
B)cohabitation
C)adoption
D)childbearing

Question 9

Historically, marriage and family had two important functions: (1)guaranteeing property rights, and (2)_________.

A)the responsible upbringing of children
B)emotional intimacy
C)sexual release
D)changing the woman's name

Question 10

According to the text, permanence and sexual exclusivity are two every important elements of the marriage

A)dialogue.
B)premise.
C)contract.
D)dynamic.

Question 11

Almost ________ percent of the never-married tell pollsters that they do want to marry.

A)one-third
B)half
C)two-thirds
D)three-quarters

Question 12

Compared to other same-sex couples, married same-sex couples are more likely to

A)have lower household incomes.
B)be unemployed.
C)be older.
D)have less education.

Question 13

With few cross-cultural or historical exceptions, marriages have been expected to

A)result in divorce.
B)produce children.
C)be lifelong undertakings.
D)be based on love.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major social institutions as identified by social scientists?

A)family
B)religion
C)sports
D)education

Question 15

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in the last 50 years, the marriage rate has __________.

A)generally declined
B)declined only slightly
C)stayed consistent
D)risen significantly

Question 16

In Europe, requirements for women's sexual exclusivity emerged to maintain the ______ line of descent.

A)polygamous
B)matriarchal
C)polyamorous
D)patriarchal

Question 17

Same-sex couples have successfully challenged ______, or the idea that heterosexuality is the only normal or acceptable option.

A)the marriage gap
B)misogyny
C)heteronormativity
D)homophobia

Question 18

What is the key function of marriage for most Americans?

A)a practical, economic institution
B)love and ongoing emotional support
C)childbearing and rearing
D)merging two families

Question 19

_____ is a type of polygamy wherein a woman has multiple husbands.

A)Polyandry
B)Monogamy
C)Polygyny
D)Matriarchy

Question 20

Seventy-two percent of Americans ages 18 and older were married in 1960, compared with _____ percent in 2014.

A)25
B)38
C)49
D)67

Question 21

With a group of other married couples, Melissa and Bobby regularly exchange partners in order to engage in purely recreational sex. This reflects a practice known as

A)polyamory.
B)cohabiting.
C)polygamy.
D)swinging.

Question 22

Rhonda and Javier have recently married and have agreed that they will only have sexual relations with each other. This agreement reflects the expectations of

A)polygamy.
B)permanence.
C)sexual exclusivity.
D)self-disclosure.

Question 23

Spouses and children are part of a person's family of

A)parentage.
B)procreation.
C)orientation.
D)extension.

Question 24

According to family historian Stephanie Coontz, the institution of marriage has changed from being seen as the fundamental unit of work and politics to being ____________________.

A)like a yoke for paired oxen
B)expected by the extended family unit
C)an economic unit
D)a haven in a heartless world

Question 25

Social scientists have defined the family as a(n)__________-a fundamental component of social organization.

A)social institution
B)individual contract
C)familial norm
D)unit of existence

Question 26

The United States is considered a(n)__________ society, where romantic love is valued in marriage.

A)individualistic
B)collectivistic
C)communal
D)polyamorous

Question 27

Bill and JoAnn have recently married and have made a commitment to each other that they will keep each other as the most important people in their lives, and stay together as long as they live. Bill and JoAnn's joint commitment reflects the expectations of

A)self-disclosure.
B)permanence.
C)devotion.
D)convenience.

Question 28

That marriages should involve romance and lead to personal happiness is a uniquely __________ idea.

A)Western
B)communal
C)modern
D)collectivist

Question 29

Some groups have friends who are so close that they are hardly distinguished from actual relatives. These relationships are referred to as "__________" kin.

A)conjugal
B)extended
C)nuclear
D)fictive

Question 30

Family sociologist Andrew Cherlin has noted that time-honored family definitions and social norms "count for far less" than in the past. He calls this__________.

A)the disrespecting of the family
B)the deinstitutionalization of marriage
C)tragic and irreversible.
D)extended kin disdain

Question 31

Parents, brothers, and sisters are part of a person's family of

A)procreation.
B)origin.
C)orientation.
D)dominance.

Question 32

The text reports that more than ___________ percent of Americans believe that adultery is morally wrong.

A)30
B)50
C)70
D)90

Question 33

Due to the American individualist orientation, three interrelated developments have occurred relating to marriage. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)The authority of kin and extended family weakened.
B)Community became more vital and important.
C)Individuals began to find their own marriage partners.
D)Romantic love came to be associated with marriage.

Question 34

In a(n)__________ marriage, coming together as husband and wife was based on dutiful adherence to the time-honored marriage premise, particularly the norm of permanence.

A)institutional
B)companionate
C)individualized
D)romantic

Question 35

A key difference between swinging and polyamory is that in the case of polyamory, outside relationships

A)are exclusively sexual.
B)can be emotional as well as sexual.
C)are always emotional as well as sexual.
D)are exclusively emotional, but not sexual.

Question 36

For Hispanics today, la familia means

A)the extended family only.
B)the nuclear family only.
C)the conjugal family only.
D)the extended as well as the nuclear family.

Question 37

Arranged marriage has characterized __________ societies.

A)individualistic
B)collectivistic
C)egalitarian
D)postmodern

Question 38

Roland and Megan are married, but have agreed to retain the option of sexually and emotionally loving others. This is referred to in the text as

A)polyamory.
B)polygamy.
C)polygyny.
D)swinging.

Question 39

Parents and children, along with other relatives such as in-laws, grandparents, aunts and uncles, and cousins are included in the __________ family.

A)extended
B)nuclear
C)conjugal
D)fictive

Question 40

Other societies, and past societies, tended to be more __________, where people identify with and conform to the expectations of their extended kin.

A)individualistic
B)collectivistic
C)libertarian
D)progressive

Question 41

According to the text, the high expectations inherent in an individualistic marriage may be associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A)people deciding not to marry.
B)a high divorce rate.
C)a lower birth rate.
D)more early marriages.

Question 42

Considerable research supports the overall conclusion that growing up with married parents

A)has no effect on children
B)is worse for children
C)is better for children
D)is so uncommon we have no data to analyze

Question 43

Those who view individualized marriage as __________ assert that our culture's unchecked individualism has cause widespread moral weakening and self-indulgence.

A)family change
B)family erosion
C)family cycling
D)family decline

Question 44

In a(n)__________ marriage, the husband was expected mainly to be a hard-working provider, and the wife a good housekeeper and cook .

A)institutional
B)companionate
C)individualized
D)arranged

Question 45

Middle-class Americans often dream of attaining "the white picket fence." That is, they see marriage as an opportunity for idealized domesticity within the "haven" of their own single-family home. Which marriage does this describe?

A)the institutional marriage bond
B)the companionate marriage bond
C)the individualized marriage bond
D)the cohabitation bond

Question 46

In a(n)__________ marriage, which dominates Americans' goals for marriage today, partners expect companionship and intimacy as well as more practical benefits.

A)institutional
B)companionate
C)individualized
D)arranged

Question 47

According to the ______ hypothesis, many of the benefits of marriage result from the personal characteristics of those who marry.

A)selection
B)companionate
C)individualized
D)romantic

Question 48

An important goal from the marital __________ perspective is to return to a society more in line with the values and norms of companionate marriage.

A)change
B)decline
C)advocacy
D)traditionalist

Question 49

About  __________ million children under age 18 live in single-parent households.

A)10
B)20
C)40
D)60

Question 50

The text lists four interrelated characteristics that distinguish individualized marriage. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)It is optional.
B)Spouses' roles are flexible-negotiable and renegotiable.
C)Its expected rewards involve love, communication and emotional intimacy.
D)It is economically practical.

Question 51

Those who view individualized marriage as __________ say that those who look back with nostalgia to the good old days may be idealizing the past.

A)family change
B)family erosion
C)family cycling
D)family decline

Question 52

Personalizing a role by modifying or adjusting the expectations traditionally assigned to it is called

A)role-making
B)boundary-setting
C)marital sanctification
D)marital navigation

Question 53

Compared with family members in unmarried households, spouses as a category have

A)less wealth.
B)overall lower levels of health.
C)more frequent sex.
D)higher rates of alcoholism.

Question 54

Comparing children's well-being in married families with that of those in one-parent families, Linda Waite found that children from married families had several strengths. Which of the following is NOT one of her findings?

A)Children were about half as likely to drop out of high school
B)Children had a higher IQ and were more creative.
C)Children were significantly less likely to live in poverty.
D)Children had better-quality relationships with their parents.

Question 55

Marriage partners now expect love and emotional intimacy, open communication, role flexibility, gender equality, and personal growth. Which does this describe?

A)the institutional marriage bond
B)the companionate marriage bond
C)the individualized marriage bond
D)the cohabitation bond

Question 56

People in individualized marriages expect all of the following EXCEPT

A)patriarchal authority.
B)love and emotional support.
C)personal autonomy.
D)role flexibility.

Question 57

Policy advocates from a marital __________ perspective are mainly concerned about the high number and proportions of parents and children living in poverty.

A)change
B)decline
C)advocacy
D)traditionalist

Question 58

When compared with teens in married, two-biological-parent homes, those in single-parent and cohabiting families are more likely to experience all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)higher teen pregnancy rates
B)earlier premarital intercourse
C)lower academic achievement
D)higher rates of school suspension and delinquency

Question 59

The proportion of children under age eighteen living with two married parents __________ over the past 30 years.

A)rose dramatically
B)rose steadily
C)declined steadily
D)remained the same

Question 60

Policy advocates from a __________ perspective are concerned with the breakdown of the family including money spent on welfare.

A)family change
B)family erosion
C)family cycling
D)family decline

Question 61

Polyamory refers to marriages in which one or both spouses retain the option to sexually and emotionally love others in addition to their spouse.

Question 62

Polyandry refers to multiple wives for one husband.

Question 63

Expectations for permanence derive from the fact that, historically, marriage has been a practical social institution.

Question 64

A majority of unmarried families live in poverty.

Question 65

The family as a social institution rests on the __________ of permanence and sexual exclusivity.

Question 66

La familia means the extended, but NOT the nuclear family.

Question 67

Marriages in which one or both spouses retain the option to sexually love others in addition to their spouse are practicing _________.

Question 68

__________ is a marriage arrangement in which couples exchange partners in order to engage in purely recreational sex.

Question 69

Polls show that both male and female spouses are far more likely than others to say that they are "very happy." Nearly __________ of marrieds say they are "very happy," compared to less than half of unmarrieds.

A)three-fourths
B)two-thirds
C)more than half
D)half

Question 70

Only about 25 percent of Americans believe that extramarital sex is morally wrong.

Question 71

Research would suggest what which of the following married couples are MOST likely to be the happiest?

A)Ashley and Scott, who have three children and have been married ten years
B)Mary and Stan, who are retired with grown children
C)Juanita and LeBron, who are a middle-aged couple with one child in college
D)Rita and Jon, who have no children and have been married two years

Question 72

At least among white, middle-class Americans, the husband-wife dyad is expected to take precedence over any others.

Question 73

All of the following have been identified as potentially problematic topics for couples in first marriages EXCEPT

A)balancing job and family.
B)sexual frequency.
C)finding agreement in political views.
D)agreeing on how much time to spend together.

Question 74

Nearly two-thirds of marrieds say they are "very happy," compared to less than half of unmarrieds.

Question 75

Higher income is positively associated with marriage.

Question 76

Historically, polygamy has been very rare and taboo across all cultures.

Question 77

The family as a social institution rests on the marriage premise of permanence and sexual exclusivity.

Question 78

In most cases, marriage alone is sufficient to alleviate poverty.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT strongly related to couple satisfaction?

A)pursuing leisure activities together
B)communicating supportively
C)raising children together
D)spending time together

Question 80

__________ refers to multiple wives for a man.