Deck 21: Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World

Question 1

What two related problems did the British face after defeating the French in 1763?

A) Slave revolts and the declining price of cotton.
B) Limiting settlement in Amerindian lands and imposin g taxes on colonists.
C) Women's suffrage and a heavily armed populace.
D) Amerindian rights and environmental pollution.
E) Limiting immigration and overseas entanglements.

Answer 1

Limiting settlement in Amerindian lands and imposin g taxes on colonists.

Question 2

One of Rousseau's most radical ideas was that government

A) could not impose unwanted taxes.
B) authority rested on the consent of the governed.
C) had to respond to calls for reform.
D) was responsible for controlling business.
E) should be abolished.

Answer 2

authority rested on the consent of the governed.

Question 3

The French Revolution

A) did not create an enduring form of representative democracy.
B) did not undermine the traditional monarchy.
C) did not undermine the power of the Catholic Church.
D) was a bloodless revolution.
E) inspired the American Revolution.

Answer 3

did not create an enduring form of representative democracy.

Question 4

Which of the following was not part of the original Constitution?

A) The direct election of Representatives by popular vote.
B) The direct election of Senators by popular vote.
C) The failure to grant popular rights to women.
D) The election of a President by electors..
E) The appointment of Senators by state legislators.

Question 5

Before 1775, which of the following was not one of the tactics with which North American settlers responded to British policies?

A) Declaring war on Britain
B) Organizing boycotts of British goods
C) Covering British officials in hot tar and feathers
D) Destroying British property like British tea
E) Organizing committees

Question 6

The British angered American colonists by doing all of the following except

A) limiting trade by imposing regulations.
B) imposing new taxes.
C) outlawing paper money in the colonies.
D) dissolving local legislatures.
E) prohibiting publication of inflammatory political tracts.

Question 7

At Yorktown, the British general Cornwallis

A) committed suicide.
B) was ambushed by Mohawk troops.
C) declared his support for American independence.
D) surrendered to General Washington.
E) signed the Declaration of Independence.

Question 8

Which French Estate declared itself to be the National Assembly?

A) First Estate
B) Second Estate
C) Third Estate
D) Fourth Estate
E) Fifth Estate

Question 9

The Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 were intended to

A) keep colonists from taking Amerindian land by slowing settlement.
B) address problems of colonial representation.
C) keep the colonists from complaining about taxes.
D) acquire more territory for the Crown.
E) annex Canada to the United States.

Question 10

As a result of the French Revolution, King Louis XVI was

A) restored.
B) elected.
C) beheaded.
D) deported.
E) enriched.

Question 11

Napoleon's plans for European conquest were held in check by the naval supremacy of

A) Britain.
B) the Netherlands.
C) France.
D) Spain.
E) Portugal.

Question 12

The Enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which the

A) methods and questions of the Scientific Revolution were applied to society.
B) methods and questions of the Confucian examination system were applied to society.
C) methods and ideology of the Protestant Reformation were applied to society.
D) ideas of the Renaissance were applied to society.
E) ideas of the absolutist rulers were applied to society.

Question 13

Which 1770 event radicalized public opinion throughout the American colonies?

A) The Molly Pitcher Incident
B) The call to free the slaves
C) The Boston Massacre
D) The Quebec Act
E) The public hanging of Thomas Paine

Question 14

In the Constitution, slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person

A) because they were not considered whole people.
B) so that their votes would not count the same as those of whites.
C) to give southern states more representatives.
D) so that slaves could have at least some representation.
E) None of these

Question 15

In 1787, the Assembly of Notables

A) acted as a rubber stamp for new reforms and taxes.
B) accepted the competence of the king without question.
C) were the first socialist government in French history.
D) declared war on Russia to raise money.
E) sought to protect their own in terests by resisting reform.

Question 16

Which of the following did not contribute to the financial crisis that triggered the French Revolution?

A) The costs of the Seven Years War.
B) The costs of the American Revolution.
C) The costs of the War of Austrian Succession.
D) Failure to collect taxes from the Third Estate.
E) Failure to collect taxes from the nobility.

Question 17

King Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General, the French national legislature, because

A) only it could control the violent peasantry.
B) the French elite would not consent to new taxes.
C) he needed its consent to impose martial law.
D) he wanted to demonstrate the power of the throne.
E) he wanted its support for the manumission of slaves.

Question 18

Which of the following would John Locke have argued?

A) The king is appointed by the divine will of God, and people have to respect that.
B) Individual rights can only be guaranteed by an absolute ruler whose power is unchecked by the populace.
C) People have the right to r ebel against a monarch who violates their natural rights.
D) The abolition of private property is necessary for the harmonious functioning of society.
E) Democracy does not work because not all people are equal or should be part of the working government.

Question 19

In the Constitutional Convention of 1787 the United States

A) concluded the peace with England.
B) created the most democratic government of the era.
C) briefly formed into thirteen separate nations.
D) formed a temporary government.
E) barely survived the battle between Federalists and anti-Federalists.

Question 20

In 1789, responding to economic depression and the fear that the king was massing troops to arrest the National Assembly, a Pa risian crowd

A) burned the palace at Versailles.
B) attacked the Bastille.
C) petitioned to have Joan of Arc made a saint.
D) protested the building of Fontainebleau.
E) burned the city of Paris.

Question 21

People who wanted slavery to be outlawed were called

A) deconstructionists.
B) populists.
C) luddites.
D) libertarians.
E) abolitionists.

Question 22

Independence in Brazil first occurred when

A) Bolívar overthrew the reign of King John VI after his return to Portugal.
B) Emperor Pedro I declared Brazil a constitutional monarchy.
C) juntas turned Brazil into a constitutional republic.
D) the armies of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata freed the slaves, breaking the economic stronghold of Portugal.
E) Francisco Garibaldi was elected president of Brazil in 1831.

Question 23

Saint Domingue was most important to France because

A) of the large numbers of Frenchmen on the island.
B) it was the French military outpost in the Americas.
C) it generated one-third of all French foreign trade.
D) it was the last part of France's overseas empire.
E) it was strategically located between St. Lucia and Martinique.

Question 24

When the Parisian crowd marched to Versailles, it

A) beheaded Marie Antoinette.
B) petitioned the Crown for assistance.
C) took the entire National Assembly captive.
D) forced the royal family to move to Paris.
E) demanded a change from civil to common law.

Question 25

The Women's Rights Convention was held in

A) Paterson, New Jersey.
B) Seneca Falls, New York.
C) Toronto, Canada.
D) Washington, D.C.
E) Boston, Massachusetts.

Question 26

Working-class women transformed gender relations by

A) becoming directly involved in reform movements.
B) working outside the home.
C) armed revolution.
D) copying the tactics of the Jacobins in the French Revolution.
E) going on strike in the home.

Question 27

Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?

A) The leader of a slave revolt in Saint Domingue.
B) The Caribbean delegate to the French Revolutionary Council.
C) The great impressionist painter of the French Revolution.
D) The son of Robespierre and the Empress Josephine.
E) The French general who crushed the slave revolt in Saint Domingue.

Question 28

Napoleon won the support of the peasantry and the middle class by

A) giving tax rebates.
B) ensuring the principle of equality before the law and protecting property.
C) campaigning door to door.
D) humiliating the British navy.
E) allowing any peasant to become a member of the bourgeoisie.

Question 29

One argument for the end of slavery was that it was

A) cheaper to turn African-Americans into dependent sharecroppers.
B) immoral and violated universal human rights.
C) leading to the overpopulation of African-Americans.
D) slowing down technological development.
E) All of these

Question 30

The overthrow of the Venezuelan, Mexican, and Bolivian colonial governments was initially led by

A) the uneducated peasantry.
B) landowning creoles.
C) local church leaders.
D) slaves.
E) the merchant class.

Question 31

The Junta Central was a political body established

A) to organize the overthrow of colonial powers.
B) in Mexico to maintain European domination.
C) to coordinate many diverse revolutionary groups.
D) to rule during the French occupation of Spain.
E) to organize armed revolution in the United States.

Question 32

The Congress of Vienna was

A) a meeting of delegates from Britain, Austria, Russia, and other European countries to restore order in post-Napoleonic Europe.
B) a meeting held to determine where Napoleon should be exiled.
C) where Napoleon had his court when he took over most of Europe.
D) where the exiled monarchs of Europe during Napoleon's reign plotted to overthrow him.
E) where the pan-European constitution was signed in 1848.

Question 33

The Declaration of the Right s of Man and of the Citizen

A) laid the groundwork for the first French constitution.
B) was the French version of the Declaration of Independence.
C) built on the traditional French legal system, rather than instituting something entirely new.
D) marked the resignation of Louis XVI and recognition of a new Republic in France.
E) was the Manifesto of the Committee of Public Safety.

Question 34

The revolutions of 1848 were widespread across Europe and were inspired by

A) the establishment of permanent democracy in the Holy Roman Empire.
B) the desire for democratic reforms and national self-determination.
C) the installation of Louis Philippe as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
D) the demand that women be granted the right to vote.
E) Gil Scott-Heron's famous poem.

Question 35

In 1810, Spain's richest and most populous American colony was

A) Venezuela.
B) Brazil.
C) Peru.
D) Mexico.
E) Bolivia.

Question 36

The two areas in Latin America that were ruled by a monarch in the nineteenth century were

A) Mexico and Bolivia.
B) Peru and Chile.
C) Uruguay and Paraguay.
D) Mexico and Brazil.
E) Brazil and Argentina.

Question 37

Aside from the brutal conditions on Saint Domingue, the island erupted in revolt because

A) of the intervention of the English navy.
B) of the turmoil in revolutionary France.
C) all trade and exports were cut off.
D) the planter elites started their own government.
E) of the mystical visions of its leader.

Question 38

Napoleon became Europe's first popular dictator because he

A) threatened to overpower the French people.
B) was needed by France when it was occupied by foreign armies.
C) held the only hope that France would ever be free of German domination.
D) promised order to an exhausted society.
E) was strikingly tall and handsome.

Question 39

Napoleon's invasion of ____ led to his decline.

A) Scotland
B) Finland
C) Greece
D) Afghanistan
E) Russia

Question 40

With the end of colonialism in the Americas, Amerindians

A) were no longer exploited.
B) lost the protection of the colonial powers.
C) could once again settle on their own lands.
D) could control their own destinies.
E) were deported from the continent.

Question 41

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
National Assembly

Question 42

After widespread riots erupted in rural areas in 1789, the National Assembly voted to

A) use the military to attack peasants.
B) set maximum prices on staple goods.
C) draft more peasants to serve in the French army.
D) end the feudal system.
E) move the seat of government from Versailles to Paris.

Question 43

Which of the following political moves by American Revolutionaries was not an expression of Enlightenment ideology?

A) The affirmation of individual rights.
B) Asserting that the equality of all men is a "self-evident truth".
C) Counting each slave as three-fifths of a person.
D) Creating a written constitution to serve as a social contract.
E) Emphasizing governance by consent of the people.

Question 44

The guillotine was intended to

A) humiliate aristocrats, because under the old system they were executed by hanging.
B) be a more painful and therefore more satisfying way to kill enemies of the people.
C) allow executioners close personal contact with their victims.
D) make executions more egalitarian and humane.
E) make execution more like revenge, and less like a legal penalty.

Question 45

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Question 46

Some monarchs acted as patrons of Enlightenment intellectuals for all the following reasons except that

A) aspects of Enlightenment thought undermined traditional opponents of monarchical power such as the clergy and aristocracy.
B) many Enlightenment thinkers emphasized the role of powerful monarchs as potential agents of reform.
C) the era was characterized by an optimistic belief that reason could solve humanity's problems.
D) monarchs were often atheists, just like most Enlightenment thinkers.
E) Enlightenment ideas had the potential to improve economic performance.

Question 47

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Enlightenment

Question 48

Which of the following did not spread Enlightenment ideas?

A) Discussions in coffee houses.
B) Conversations in wealthy French women's living rooms.
C) Newspapers and magazines.
D) Royal and aristocratic patronage.
E) Actually, all of these spread Enlightenment ideas.

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
abolitionists

Question 50

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Simón Bolívar

Question 51

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
George Washington

Question 52

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Women's Rights Convention

Question 53

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Declaration of the Rig hts of Man and of the Citizen

Question 54

By the end of the revolutionary period 1776 - 1848,

A) a majority of men and women in Europe and the United States had gained full political rights.
B) capitalism had ceased to expand.
C) private property no longer existed.
D) only a minority had gained full political rights.
E) the majority of European nations were republics.

Question 55

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Constitutional Convention

Question 56

Which of the following did the French National Assembly not do?

A) Eliminate barriers to trade.
B) Draft a new constitution.
C) Abolish the nobility as a hereditary class.
D) Seize church lands.
E) Vote to execute the king.

Question 57

In late eighteenth-century France, the majority of the population was made up of

A) the bourgeoisie.
B) peasants.
C) aristocrats.
D) the clergy.
E) city-dwellers.

Question 58

Because Canada did not allow women to enter medical school before 1895, that country's first women doctors received their degrees in

A) Europe.
B) Argentina.
C) Brazil.
D) the United States.
E) Cuba.

Question 59

Prince Klemens von Metternich was

A) the diplomat who led negotiations at the Congress of Vienna.
B) a Prussian General.
C) a French political dissident imprisoned by Napoleon.
D) a leading supporter of reform during the Revolution of 1848.
E) eager to preserve the ideals of the French Revolution after the fall of Napoleon.

Question 60

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Estates General

Question 61

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
gens de couleur

Question 62

After defeating the French in North America in 1763, what major problems did the British face with respect to the American colonies?

Question 63

What was the nature of the fiscal and economic crisis that triggered the French Re volution?

Question 64

Compare and contrast the French and American Revolutions.  What accounts for their similarities and differences?

Question 65

The armed forces of the American colonists were small, poorly equipped, and often poorly led. How were those colonists able to defeat Great Britain, which ranked as one of the foremost military powers in the world at that time?

Question 66

What role did the Congress of Vienna play in restoring political stability to Europe in the post-Napoleonic era? How did it relate to the philosophical ideas of the Enlighte nment and the legacy of the eighteenth-century revolutions?

Question 67

To what extent did the independence movements in Latin America draw inspiration from, and ultimately come to resemble, the American and French Revolutions? What factors were unique to these colonies and ensured that their revolutions followed their own distinct trajectories?

Question 68

Why was Napoleon's reign so popular with the French? How did the extension of Napoleon's empire lead to the Congress of Vienna?

Question 69

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 70

What were the causes of the Haitian Revolution in Saint Domingue?

Question 71

Discuss the process of abolishing slavery in the Americas. Did the movement for the abolition of slavery differ in the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean?

Question 72

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Congress of Vienna

Question 73

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Toussaint L'Ouverture

Question 74

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Revolutions of 1848

Question 75

The Enlightenment as a social and intellectual movement affected many segments of society. How did this movement affect women in the elite and common classes during the revolutions?