Deck 25: The Crisis of the Imperial Order

Question 1

Which of the European na tions took longest to mobilize for war?

A) Germany
B) Russia
C) France
D) England
E) Austria-Hungary

Answer 1

Russia

Question 2

During World War I, Africa

A) was the only region to prosper.
B) provided over a million Africans for armed services.
C) was the scene of the heaviest fighting.
D) united to oppose and overthrow colonial powers.
E) contributed no manpower to the war effort.

Answer 2

provided over a million Africans for armed services.

Question 3

Which of the following was not a factor in starting World War I?

A) Nationalism
B) The weakening of the Ottoman Empire.
C) Competition for resources in colonial territories.
D) Alliances an d inflexible militar y plans.
E) The Monroe Doctrine.

Answer 3

The Monroe Doctrine.

Question 4

The policy decision that most affected future relations between the Jewish and Palestinian settlers was embodied in the

A) Balfour Declaration.
B) Treaty of Brest Litovsk.
C) Zimmerman Telegram.
D) Dreyfus Affair.
E) Doctors' Conspiracy.

Question 5

A new and potent defensive weapon in World War I was

A) the automatic pistol.
B) poison gas.
C) napalm.
D) the helicopter.
E) the machine gun.

Question 6

Zionism was supported as an official policy by which country?

A) Russia
B) Germany
C) Britain
D) France
E) The Ottoman Empire

Question 7

The early-twentieth-century system of alliances pitted the British, French, and Russians against the

A) Japanese, Italians, and Germans.
B) Ottomans, Italians, and Chinese.
C) Austro-Hungarians, Japanese, and Polish.
D) Germans, Italians, and Austro-Hungarians.
E) Syrians, Egyptians, and Germans.

Question 8

Which of the following was true of wartime food rationing?

A) It worsened the diets of poor people in Britain and France.
B) The diets of the German population were limited to one thousand calories per day.
C) Food scarcity led to widespread cannibalism in Europe.
D) Civilians' diets remained completely unchanged while prisoners of war were starved.
E) Many Americans starved.

Question 9

Most European nations thought the war that started in 1914 would

A) end with a quick and easy victory.
B) be long and costly.
C) end with little expense.
D) help unite the classes.
E) be won by slow perseverance.

Question 10

What methods were not used to gain support for the war effort?

A) Employment of women and African Americans.
B) Urging people to invest in the war with savings bonds.
C) Encouraging the growth of victory gardens.
D) Writing poetry to instill nationalism and pride.
E) Sending children to work in munitions factories instead of going to school.

Question 11

The British tried to defeat the Ottomans by

A) landing a large British army in Palestine.
B) using an Arab army against the Turks.
C) sending the Royal Navy to bombard Syria.
D) enco uraging Armenians to re volt.
E) planning a military coup in the Ottoman army.

Question 12

In the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia

A) won territories from the defeated Germans.
B) gained considerable territory from Turkey.
C) lost territories containing one-third of its population.
D) ended its horrific civil war.
E) secretly planned to reenter the war.

Question 13

The most significant naval battle of the Great War was the

A) Battle of the Marne.
B) Battle of the Boyne.
C) Battle of Jutland.
D) sinking of the Lusitania.
E) sinking of the Titanic.

Question 14

Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the

A) Bolsheviks.
B) Mensheviks.
C) Social Revolutionaries.
D) Provisional Government.
E) Young Turks.

Question 15

The Ottoman Turks signed a secret alliance with

A) the United States, hoping to gain Filipino territory.
B) Germany, hoping to gain Russian territory.
C) Japan, hoping to gain Chinese territory.
D) France, hoping to gain Italian territory.
E) Russia, hoping to gain Austrian territory.

Question 16

The February Revolution in Russia was led by

A) Vladimir Lenin.
B) Alexander Kerensky.
C) Grigory Kornilov.
D) Leon Trotsky.
E) Rosa Luxemburg.

Question 17

A unique aspect of the Western Front was

A) that only swords were legal, so no guns were used.
B) the three-hundred-mile-long line of armies, from Switzerland to the North Sea.
C) that women made up a small percentage of the German fighting force.
D) that there was very little loss of life.
E) the German use of blitzkrieg on the battlefield.

Question 18

Women during World War I

A) joined the work force "for the duration."
B) refused to support the death and destruction of war on principle.
C) were largely members of the Socialist Party.
D) used their newly won voting privileges to elect pacifist candidates.
E) All of these

Question 19

In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the

A) "sick man of Europe."
B) "Turkish Colossus."
C) "evil empire."
D) "threat from the East."
E) "land of the Golden Crescent."

Question 20

During the war, the Russian army

A) was smaller than the German forces and was better equipped.
B) was very large but poorly supplied and poorly led.
C) fought in very few battles.
D) was doing very well until the Revolution began.
E) fought the German army to its defeat and occupied Berlin.

Question 21

In 1900, China's population was

A) 100 million.
B) 400 million.
C) 500 million.
D) 700 million.
E) 1 billion.

Question 22

After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following the First World War, the modern Turkish state

A) was particularly harsh toward the issue of women's rights.
B) instituted ma ny reforms intended to bring Turkey closer to Europe.
C) found security in embracing Islamic tradition.
D) clung closely to traditional Turkish customs.
E) returned to feudalism.

Question 23

The bloodiest and most futile battles on the Western Front were

A) the battles of the Marne and Jutland.
B) the battles of the Marne and Gallipoli.
C) the battles of Austerlitz and Jena.
D) the battles of Verdun and the Somme.
E) the battles of Balfour and Brest-Litovsk.

Question 24

The 1915 German naval blockade of Britain relied on

A) clipper ships.
B) submarines.
C) battleships.
D) merchant ships converted for military use.
E) aircraft carriers.

Question 25

Which of the following did not result when far more Jewish immigrants than anticipated arrived in Palestine?

A) The British tried to limit Jewish immigration.
B) Jewish settlers were smuggled in by militant Zionists.
C) The country was torn by strikes and guerilla war.
D) Britain was hated by both sides and much of the Arab world.
E) The unauthorized immigrants were deported.

Question 26

What was the mandate system?

A) The League of Nations members divided a percentage of the wealth generated by all colonies.
B) Colonial rulers administered territories but were held accountable to the League of Nations.
C) Colonialism was eliminated.
D) Colonies were incorporated into various nations, with all the rights and liabilities of ordinary citizens.
E) An immigration system of guest workers was designed to supply the former colonizers with inexpensive laborers.

Question 27

The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919

A) was a germ warfare attack by the Germans.
B) killed 1 million.
C) killed 30 million.
D) did not kill people; it killed horses.
E) was contained with the use of antibiotics.

Question 28

The main beneficiaries of Japan's prosperity in this period were the zaibatsu, who were

A) farmers.
B) young men and women of the cities.
C) large corporations.
D) the politicians and military.
E) the wealthy former nobles.

Question 29

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union planned to pay for industrialization by

A) collecting taxes on agricultural production.
B) raising tariffs on all imports.
C) bleeding wealth from neighboring territories.
D) squeezing the peasants.
E) getting large loans from the World Bank.

Question 30

In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) turned Turkey into a(n)

A) ultanate.
B) Islamic state.
C) secular republic.
D) Communist state.
E) mega-state through its merger with Greece.

Question 31

How did the Bolsheviks win the civil war in Russia after World War I?

A) By enlisting the aid of Great Britain in overthrowing the tsar.
B) By using democratic elections to stabilize the Duma.
C) By forcing the tsar to fight a duel with Lenin.
D) By relying on the superior effectiveness of the Red Army under Leon Trotsky's leadership.
E) With Lenin's resignation, which was intended to get both sides to make peace.

Question 32

The most preferred destination for refugees after the war was

A) France, which suffered immense casualties and had an open door immigration policy.
B) the United States, but it had immigration quotas.
C) New Zealand, which had a low population.
D) Palestine, which was opened for Zionist settlement.
E) Canada because it was largely agricultural.

Question 33

Which of the following was not one of the elements in the Treaty of Versailles that angered Germany?

A) The infamous guilt clause.
B) The amount of reparations it had to pay.
C) The loss of territory it sustained.
D) High tariffs enacted by the allies.
E) Elimination of the German air force.

Question 34

The British entered World War I because

A) the Germans asked them to.
B) they hated the Italians.
C) the Germans invaded Belgium in preparation for an attack on France.
D) the Germans invaded Belgium in preparation for an assault on Britain.
E) the United States asked them to.

Question 35

The October Revolution began in which of the following Russian cities?

A) Moscow
B) Vladivostok
C) Petrograd
D) Kiev
E) Novgorod

Question 36

Lenin's New Economic Policy in 1923

A) created labor brigades to run factories.
B) gave government full control of agriculture.
C) allowed private ownership of land and all but the largest businesses.
D) made the economy part of the military.
E) outlawed the Christian church.

Question 37

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed by

A) joining Russia and the Soviet Ukraine.
B) allying Russia, Georgia, and Lithuania.
C) uniting Russia, Siberia, and Kazakhstan.
D) unifying all communist provinces.
E) a United Nations mandate.

Question 38

Which of the following is not an indication of China's lack of modernization?

A) The classical exam system for administration.
B) A huge population growth that was not supportable.
C) Lack of agricultural changes.
D) Heavy taxation.
E) Fear of electricity.

Question 39

In th e 1920s, Egypt and Iraq

A) had phony independence instead of official British colonialism.
B) were finally independent of British influence.
C) remained British mandates.
D) formed an alliance to seize control of the Suez Canal from Britain.
E) were united under a single monarch.

Question 40

Deaths in World War I numbered between ____ million.

A) 4 and 5
B) 9 and 10
C) 15 and 17
D) 20 and 22
E) 45 and 50

Question 41

The British supported Faisal I because

A) they needed his help to win the Battle of Gallipoli.
B) he led an Arab revolt that destabilized the Ottoman Empire.
C) he led an Armenian revolt that destabilized the Ottoman Empire.
D) he led a Communist revolt that destabilized Russia.
E) he was a leading Zionist.

Question 42

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
League of Nations

Question 43

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Guomindang

Question 44

In 1917, soldiers on the Western Front

A) began to mutiny.
B) put even more effort into all-out offensive strikes.
C) played soccer with each other across no-man's land.
D) joined the Communist Party in record numbers.
E) had better morale, because it became clear to them the war would end soon.

Question 45

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
New Economic Policy

Question 46

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Balfour Declaration

Question 47

The councils of workers and soldiers that formed during the February Revolution were called

A) Proletarian Assemblies.
B) Dumas.
C) Zemstvos.
D) Soviets.
E) cells.

Question 48

In China during the late 1920s, Chiang Kai-shek's government was notable for its

A) ruthlessness and competence.
B) adherence to Confucian values.
C) close ties with the Soviet Union.
D) tendency to foster opportunism and corruption.
E) successful implementation of ambitious economic revitalization plans.

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Western Front

Question 50

In the early 1920s, the German government funded its reparation payments by

A) mining even more coal than before.
B) selling its last remaining African colonies to France.
C) cutting spending until the national budget was in surplus.
D) printing large quantities of paper money, which caused hyper-inflation.
E) printing large quantities of paper money, which caused prices and wages to drop.

Question 51

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Faisal I

Question 52

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Yuan Shikai

Question 53

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Vladimir Lenin

Question 54

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Sun Yat-sen

Question 55

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Treaty of Versailles

Question 56

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Bolsheviks

Question 57

Sun Yat-Sen had to resign as China's president because

A) of pressure from the United States.
B) he could not gain control of the army.
C) his political ideas did not attract much of a following in China.
D) the Empress Dowager Cixi opposed him.
E) he was caught embezzling government funds.

Question 58

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Woodrow Wilson

Question 59

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
mandate system

Question 60

Vladimir Lenin arrived in Petrograd in April 1917 because

A) he had been imprisoned in Siberia until only a few weeks before.
B) he had to sneak in from Switzerland, which he did with the help of French secret agents.
C) the Germans sent him there in an effort to destabilize Russia.
D) Americans brought him there by boat from Alaska, in order to destabilize Russia.
E) after the February Revolution, the Cheka needed several weeks to secure the city.

Question 61

What made the Great War a worldwide phenomenon? Is it correct to refer to this conflict as a "world war," even though most of the fighting took place in Europe?

Question 62

Describe World War I and its aftermath in the Middle East.

Question 63

Did China and Japan have different destinies in the twentieth century? Did they react differently to pressures from the West?

Question 64

Describe the revolution in Russia and the reorganization of the country into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Question 65

Describe the peace treaties ending the First World War and some of their long-term implications.

Question 66

What promises did the British make to different groups during World War I? What were the results of these promises? Was the conflict that developed in the Middle East due to the religious differences in the region?