Deck 15: A Century of Crisis

Question 1

Philip II launched the Spanish Armada in 1588 against ______________.

A) the Dutch rebels
B) Portugal
C) the Ottoman navy
D) England
E) North Africa

Answer 1

England

Question 2

Which of the following behaviors were forbidden for the Spanish Moriscos?

A) Speaking Arabic
B) Bathing on Friday
C) Eating couscous
D) Traditional dancing
E) All of these.

Answer 2

All of these.

Question 3

What was the process called in which individuals would pool resources and receive shares of profits from their investment?

A) Capitalism
B) Mercantile exchange
C) Atlantic trade
D) Joint-stock companies
E) Diversification of investment

Answer 3

Joint-stock companies

Question 4

Which of the following was not a factor in the rise of Dutch economic success?

A) A trade arrangement with Poland for grain
B) An alliance with England for exploration in the Indies
C) Fishing off the North Sea
D) The Calvinist work ethic known as the calling
E) A diversified economy split between agriculture and industry

Question 5

Jacques Callot, a French artist, became famous for his paintings and etchings about ______________.

A) everyday life
B) the excesses of royalty and nobility at court
C) the horrors of war
D) religious devotion in the Counter-Reformation
E) new landscapes in the Americas

Question 6

What was Miguel de Cervantes known for?

A) Expelling the Moriscos from Spain
B) Writing Don Quixote
C) Leading the war against the Turks.
D) His support of Phillip II.
E) None of these.

Question 7

What was the largest and richest city in Spain at the time?

A) Madrid
B) Barcelona
C) Córdoba
D) Seville
E) Valencia

Question 8

Among the New World crops brought back to Europe, which became a staple crop in northern Europe?

A) Maize
B) Potatoes
C) Rice
D) Wheat
E) Beans

Question 9

What caused the "Spanish Fury" in 1575, when Spanish troops sacked the city of Antwerp?

A) The Duke of Alba laid siege to the city during the Dutch resistance.
B) Calvinists rose up in rebellion.
C) Philip II declared bankruptcy and couldn't pay his troops.
D) Accusations of witchcraft against Philip II.
E) Swedish troops garrisoned in Antwerp were caught under siege.

Question 10

By the end of the seventeenth century, coffee was introduced to the European market from plantations in ______________.

A) China
B) the Arabian Peninsula
C) Brazil
D) the East Indies
E) Louisiana

Question 11

How did the conflict between the Dutch Republic and Spain finally end?

A) The Duke of Alba launched an offensive, which defeated the Dutch rebels.
B) England, the Dutch Republic, and northern Germany teamed up to support Protestant rebels.
C) Northern rebels under William of Orange flooded the country.
D) The Spanish army mutineed after not being paid.
E) Spain got involved in the Thirty Years' War instead.

Question 12

The most productive silver mine in the Americas was in modern day ______________.

A) Mexico
B) Brazil
C) Bolivia
D) Columbia
E) Venezuela

Question 13

What was the land Robert Cavalier claimed for France called?

A) Quebec
B) Cavalieria
C) Louisiana
D) Barbados
E) Mississippi

Question 14

Under the Ottoman Empire's organization of millets, Jews were excluded and encouraged to ______________.

A) go to Poland
B) go to Turkey
C) join the Janissary corps
D) convert to Islam
E) None of these.

Question 15

The main city for commodities trading in Europe was ______________.

A) Paris
B) London
C) Seville
D) Amsterdam
E) Venice

Question 16

What year was the first permanent English settlement in North America financed?

A) 1593
B) 1602
C) 1607
D) 1625
E) 1683

Question 17

Religious wars in the seventeenth century were experienced in all of Europe except ______________.

A) England
B) France
C) Germany
D) the Dutch Republic
E) All of these experienced religious wars

Question 18

The Dutch miracle during the late sixteenth century was ______________.

A) religious
B) cultural
C) military
D) economic
E) All of these.

Question 19

Who founded the city of Quebec?

A) Samuel de Champlain
B) Robert Cavalier
C) Saint Lawrence
D) Louis XIV
E) The Dutch United East India Company

Question 20

The majority of witchcraft trials were held in ______________.

A) The Holy Roman Empire
B) England
C) France
D) Spain
E) Russia

Question 21

What right(s) of Poland-Lithuania did the nobility of Habsburg lands seek to emulate?

A) The right of the nobility to elect their king
B) The right to depose the king if he violated his coronation oath
C) The right to veto a measure in the Diet
D) The right of the nobility to rule their serfs as they saw fit without interference
E) All of these.

Question 22

Which of the following was an indirect tax that acted as a significant revenue raising measure in France and was created by Minister Sully?

A) The taille
B) The ship tax
C) The caput
D) The paulette
E) The match tax

Question 23

The major objection that the English nobility had to James I becoming king of England was ______________.

A) he was Presbyterian
B) he was related to the French royal family
C) he was Catholic
D) he was an absolutist
E) he wanted to eliminate parliament

Question 24

Which of the following is false about implementing the Edict of Nantes?

A) Henry IV converted to Catholicism to become king.
B) The edict ended, once and for all, the conflict between Protestants and Catholics.
C) The French nobility were very suspicious of Henry's conversion.
D) Communities within France were fragmented.
E) To obtain support for the edict, Henry bribed both Catholics and Huguenots into accepting it.

Question 25

In the French Wars of Religion, the policy that legalized Protestantism was implemented by ______________.

A) King Henry III
B) Henry Guise
C) Henry of Navarre/Henry IV
D) Philip II of Spain
E) King William of Orange

Question 26

King Henry IV's successes included all of the following except ______________.

A) the creation of a centralist bureaucracy
B) the Edict of Nantes
C) gaining the support and loyalty of the nobility
D) the use of tax reforms to build up the royal treasury and pay off debts
E) building long-term lucrative colonies for France

Question 27

The defenestration of Prague occurred in 1617 when ______________.

A) Ferdinand II's representatives were expelled from Bohemia in rejection of mandated Catholicism
B) Ferdinand's emissaries were thrown out of windows by Protestants
C) Protestants in Bohemia rejected the decree from Ferdinand that all churches must have stained-glass windows
D) the Protestant king Frederick fell to his death from a window, and rumors of a murder conspiracy circulated
E) all Protestants in Bohemia shuttered their windows during a royal procession as a protest against Catholicism

Question 28

What was the Long Parliament?

A) A Parliament that met for an extended session to negotiate with James I over the power of the king
B) A Parliament in which the incumbent representatives remained in power for more than twenty years
C) When Parliament met in a continuous session during the Irish rebellions in the 1630s
D) When Parliament reconvened for the first time in ten years after being disbanded by Charles I
E) When Parliament was comprised entirely of radical Puritans who executed the king in 1649

Question 29

The reason that Mary Stuart posed a threat to Elizabeth's reign was that she ______________.

A) had French support
B) was married to Philip II of Spain
C) was Catholic and could draw supporters from the Catholic population
D) had the support of the Irish army
E) led Scotland into war against England

Question 30

Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden entered the Thirty Years' War because he ______________.

A) wanted to support the Bohemian Protestant nobility
B) wanted to expand Swedish power in the Baltics and feared a Catholic Germany would limit his plans
C) wanted to prevent Russia from coming to the aid of the Germans
D) was trying to form a trade agreement with the Dutch Republic, and it supported the Protestant faction
E) wanted to suppress ideas of absolutism under the Holy Roman emperor

Question 31

After the split of the Habsburg lands, Ferdinand's holdings in the east were threatened by the Ottoman presence in ______________.

A) Bohemia
B) Hungary
C) Moravia
D) Romania
E) Greece

Question 32

What was the objection of the Puritans in England?

A) They wanted to impose the Book of Common Prayer for religious unification.
B) They wanted Catholics expelled from England.
C) They wanted a true religious reformation beyond Anglicanism.
D) They wanted total separation of Church and State.
E) They did not agree with the translations of the King James Bible.

Question 33

As a result of the Peace of Alès, ______________.

A) King Louis XIII married a Protestant princess from the Dutch Republic
B) Cardinal Richelieu set aside territory in Alsace Lorraine as a Protestant refuge
C) Huguenot fortresses were dismantled
D) religious toleration ended
E) England and France ended their disputes over Canada

Question 34

The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre was started when ______________.

A) Catholics attacked Protestants in Paris.
B) Huguenots rose up in revolution against religious persecution at the Cathedral of St. Bartholomew.
C) The Holy Roman Emperor informed the Protestants in Bohemia that they would have to convert to Catholicism.
D) The Edict of Nante required all Huguenots to leave the country.
E) Irish Catholics rose up against English lords in Ulster.

Question 35

What is political absolutism?

A) The ability of the king to rule without any challenges to his authority
B) The necessity of shared governance between a king and parliament
C) The definition of a king's powers under an explicitly constructed contract or constitution
D) A king who is both head of the temporal and religious authority within his kingdom
E) None of these.

Question 36

French Protestants were called ______________.

A) Huguenots
B) Moriscos
C) Anabaptists
D) Puritans
E) Presbyterians

Question 37

Elizabeth I faced all of the following problems in England except ______________.

A) assurance of a peaceful transfer of succession
B) competition and bad feelings from Spain
C) rebellion in Ireland
D) instilling a moderate form of Protestantism in England
E) limitations in naval abilities

Question 38

Which was the last phase of the Thirty Years' War?

A) The Swedish phase
B) The Spanish Phase
C) The French Phase
D) The English Phase
E) None of these.

Question 39

In addition to his literary accomplishments in the English Renaissance, Sir Walter Raleigh also accomplished what?

A) He led the assault against the Spanish during the Spanish Armada.
B) He supported the bid for the throne by Mary Stuart of Scotland.
C) He led troops among the Dutch rebels.
D) He founded the colony of Roanoke.
E) He established a trade agreement with the Philippines.

Question 40

What was the accord which settled the disputes of the Thirty Years' War called?

A) The Treaty of the Pyrenees
B) The Edict of Nantes
C) The Peace of Augsburg
D) The Peace of Westphalia
E) The Union of Brest Litovsk

Question 41

How did rising accusations of witchcraft in the second half of the sixteenth century relate to the role of women in society?

Question 42

What made the English Renaissance different from (and later than) the Italian Renaissance?

Question 43

What was the name of the "radical" group of political reformers during the Civil War who wanted England to reject private property and operate communally?

A) Levellers
B) Lollards
C) Diggers
D) Fabianists
E) Communists

Question 44

The period when Cromwell imposed the rule of English Parliament on Scotland is known as the ______________.

A) Black Watch
B) Restoration
C) Anglican hegemony
D) Commonwealth
E) Time of Troubles

Question 45

Discuss the rise of Oliver Cromwell.

Question 46

Why did the Stuart kings in England face a more difficult time in implementing absolutism than the rulers in France?

Question 47

What was the language of the Polish Jews?

A) Hebrew
B) German
C) Spanish
D) Yiddish
E) Sephardic

Question 48

Why were the Jews permitted to live in Poland and Lithuania in the late Middle Ages?

A) They were skilled craftsman.
B) They were excellent musicians.
C) The Black Death had created a need for laborers.
D) The Polish and Lithuanians were more open-minded than those in England and France.
E) None of these.

Question 49

Why was the year 1648 anticipated in several Jewish circles?

A) It was the year that they would be allowed to return to Portugal.
B) It was the year that they would be considered Dutch citizens.
C) It was the year that the Messiah would appear.
D) It was the year that the Cossacks would free them from Polish slavery.
E) It was the year that they would be granted a homeland in Russia.

Question 50

New Jewish settlements in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were found in all of the following areas except ______________.

A) Bohemia
B) Spain
C) the Dutch Republic
D) England
E) France

Question 51

Analyze the causes of the English civil war, and why restoration ultimately resolved stability in England.

Question 52

How did the division of the Habsburg Empire affect the Holy Roman Empire?

Question 53

How were the French Wars of Religion part of a larger framework of European wars and politics?

Question 54

How did the Wars of Religion during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries affect the Jews?

Question 55

Sabbati Sevi was known for ______________.

A) proclaiming he was the Messiah
B) writing the Lurianic kabbalah
C) leading an army against the Ottoman sultan
D) defeating the Cossacks in the Ukraine
E) signing the Union of Brest-Litovsk

Question 56

The Dutch West India Company valued the contacts of the _________, who helped to develop trade with Spain.

A) Sephardim
B) Ashkenazim
C) Hassidim
D) Conversos
E) None of these.

Question 57

How did the European economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries change from what had occurred in previous centuries?

Question 58

Discuss the reigniting of the Wars of Religion in the seventeenth century.

Question 59

What religion did the Polish kings practice?

A) Catholicism
B) Judaism
C) Protestantism
D) Russian Orthodoxy
E) Polish Orthodoxy

Question 60

What was the specific incident that caused Charles I to declare war on the British Parliament?

A) The demand by Puritans in the Parliament to overthrow the Book of Common Prayer.
B) They refused to provide Charles with money to fight a war in Ireland.
C) They demanded the same rights as those granted to the Scottish Parliament.
D) Their refusal to recognize the absolute nature of his power.
E) They arrested William Laud.

Question 61

Compare and contrast the Wars of Religion in the eastern section of Europe with those of western Europe.

Question 62

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Question 63

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
privateer

Question 64

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Amsterdam

Question 65

Discuss the life and impact of Sabbati Sevi.

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
price revolution

Question 67

A dissident group in England known as the Levellers wanted to establish England as a democratic republic.

Question 68

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Spanish Armada

Question 69

Oliver Cromwell ultimately seized the throne and crown of England during the Civil Wars.

Question 70

The greatest stimulation to the Dutch economy was from ships and shipping.

Question 71

The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre launched the Thirty Years' War.

Question 72

Queen Elizabeth I was married to her cousin, Philip II of Spain.

Question 73

The Virginia Colony's chief export was silver.

Question 74

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Philip II

Question 75

The Union of Brest-Litovsk was a treaty signed to end religious warfare in Poland.

Question 76

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
East India Company

Question 77

The majority of the accused in witchcraft trials were teenage girls.

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Ottoman Turks

Question 79

After the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588, Spain managed to defeat Dutch protestants by force.

Question 80

The Edict of Nantes expelled the Huguenots from France after the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.