Deck 18: The Diversity of American Colonial Societies

Question 1

The most important agent for transmitting European beliefs, language, and culture in Spanish America and Brazil was the

A)Council of the Indies.
B)Spanish and Portuguese armies.
C)Catholic Church.
D)plantation system.
E)Lantern Council.

Answer 1

Catholic Church.

Question 2

Who were the hidalgos?

A)Spanish lesser nobles
B)Mixed-race Portuguese
C)Eminent Catholic priests
D)Second-generation African slaves
E)Whites born in America to European parents

Answer 2

Spanish lesser nobles

Question 3

By the seventeenth century the production of what dominated the Brazilian economy?

A)diamonds
B)silver
C)maize
D)clothing
E)sugar

Answer 3

sugar

Question 4

Which of the following became the richest institution of the Spanish colonies?

A)the Catholic Church
B)the Viceroyalty of Brazil
C)the farmers
D)the unions
E)the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata

Question 5

The forced labor system in which Amerindian men in Peru worked two to four months of the year in the mines was

A)the milla.
B)the puri.
C)the ecomienda.
D)the rota.
E)the mita.

Question 6

Why did the peoples of the New World lack immunity to the diseases of the Europeans?

A)They had a different DNA structure than Europeans.
B)It was due to their long isolation from other continents.
C)Because of significant differences in dietary structure.
D)Disease did not exist in the Americas.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 7

Viceroys were the highest-ranking officials in which colonies?

A)French
B)Spanish
C)Portuguese
D)English
E)Amerindian

Question 8

The most influential defender of Amerindians in the early colonial period was a Catholic priest named

A)Diego de Landa.
B)Bartolomé de las Casas.
C)Juan de Zumárraga.
D)Diego Mendez.
E)Aldo Suarez.

Question 9

What effect did European horses have on the Americas?

A)increased military capacity and hunting efficiency
B)decreased military capacity and hunting efficiency
C)no impact because religious prohibitions prevented its use
D)no appreciable impact because they already had the horse
E)the decline in the alpaca population

Question 10

Early Spanish and Portuguese settlers in the Americas sought to institute colonial societies similar to the Old World, including patriarchal families' networks founded on this religion.

A)Protestant
B)Catholic
C)Puritan
D)Anglican
E)None of these are correct.

Question 11

One system of forced labor used by Spain in its colonies was called

A)potosi.
B)econmienda.
C)casas.
D)None of these are correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 12

The Viceroyalty of New Spain in 1535, with its capital in Mexico City, encompassed

A)Mexico, California, and Oregon.
B)Alaska, Siberia, and Central America.
C)Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean islands.
D)Brazil, Paraguay, and Roanoke.
E)Florida, St. Lucia, and Dominica.

Question 13

By the end of the sixteenth century, Portugal controlled the Brazilian coast while this country controlled most of the remaining areas of Central and South America.

A)Spain
B)England
C)Netherlands
D)France
E)Austria

Question 14

What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on world population after 1700?

A)it declined.
B)it grew.
C)it was almost wiped out.
D)it increased one hundred-fold.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 15

Where was the single richest silver deposit in the Americas?

A)Mexico City
B)Havana
C)Santiago
D)Potosi
E)Rio de Janeiro

Question 16

The term Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of what between the New and Old Worlds?

A)peoples
B)animals
C)plants
D)diseases
E)All of these are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following Old World foods did settlers introduce to New World agriculture?

A)wheat, olives, grapes, and garden vegetables
B)maize, rice, and bran
C)manioc, wheat, and amaranth
D)spelt, manioc, and wheat
E)spelt, taro, and chinampas

Question 18

What was the deadliest of the epidemics in the Americas?

A)smallpox
B)syphilis
C)influenza
D)measles
E)cholera

Question 19

In Brazil, Amerindian slaves were increasingly ravaged by disease and warfare and were eventually superseded by

A)Asian slaves.
B)European peasants.
C)African slaves.
D)better technology.
E)animal power.

Question 20

Enormous wealth was generated by the Spanish through

A)engaging in slave trade of indigenous Americans.
B)development of plantation economies in the sugar trade.
C)establishing a monopoly on the Columbian exchange.
D)long-distance trade with Asia.
E)silver and gold mines.

Question 21

England's experience colonizing influenced its efforts in the Americas.

A)Canada
B)Ireland
C)Scotland
D)Iceland
E)Wales

Question 22

Migrants to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years were called

A)black slave labor.
B)Amerindian slave labor.
C)indentured servants.
D)the mita and encomienda.
E)the chinampa system.

Question 23

Plantation economies grew all of the following labor-intensive crops except

A)tobacco.
B)cotton.
C)rice.
D)sugar.
E)squash.

Question 24

Why did Brazil develop more slowly than other areas of Latin America?

A)difficulty to excavate the terrain
B)significant indigenous population resistance to European assimilation
C)the Portuguese were interested in business empires, not conversion of natives.
D)the local population was smaller and less urbanized, requiring a different labor structure.
E)Brazil had no significant mineral wealth for exploitation.

Question 25

The largest slave revolt in South Carolina took place in 1739 and was called

A)the Creole Rebellion.
B)Gabriel's Rebellion.
C)Nat Turner's Rebellion.
D)the Taiping Rebellion.
E)the Stono Rebellion.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of the Puritans?

A)They wished to break from the Church of England.
B)They wanted to establish a hierarchy of bishops and priests.
C)Their efforts to reform the Church of England were welcomed.
D)They welcomed Catholic as well as Jewish members.
E)They wanted to reform the Church of England, not break from it.

Question 27

In Virginia, colonial government consisted of a governor, his council, and elected representatives known as the

A)House of Payne.
B)House of Burgesses.
C)House of Lords.
D)House of Elders.
E)Assembly of Freemen.

Question 28

The castas of Latin America included mixed-race peoples such as

A)creoles and cajuns.
B)aryans and assyrians.
C)serbs and slavs.
D)mestizos and mulattos.
E)palenques and puccis.

Question 29

Though it began as a proprietary colony and as a refuge for Quakers, this colony was the first to have sole right to form a government as given by Britain.

A)Massachusetts
B)New York
C)Virginia
D)Pennsylvania
E)Maryland

Question 30

In Colonial Spanish America, the term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World was

A)mestizos.
B)mulattos.
C)muchachos.
D)creoles.
E)chinampas.

Question 31

Which of the following is not one way that slaves expressed their resistance to the colonial masters in Latin America?

A)signing petitions
B)malingering
C)rebelling
D)running away
E)sabotaging

Question 32

Why did the population of Massachusetts quickly become more "American" than southern or Caribbean colonies?

A)Massachusetts was more hierarchal.
B)Massachusetts had a normal gender balance and was the healthiest of England's colonies.
C)Massachusetts had a nicer climate.
D)Massachusetts relied on slavery rather than indentured servitude.
E)Massachusetts grew cash crops more readily.

Question 33

One difference between northern and southern English colonies was that

A)northern colonies were more religious.
B)southern economies were entirely based on plantations.
C)northern economies were more commercially far-reaching.
D)southern economies engaged in global trade.
E)northern economies were free of Spanish influence.

Question 34

The leaders of French expansion, the coureurs de bois , were

A)Jesuits converting natives.
B)Indian fur traders.
C)Frenchmen living among the natives.
D)Englishmen who fought with the French.
E)an elite French commando unit.

Question 35

When did English and French settlement of the Americas occur relative to the Spanish and Portuguese?

A)exactly the same time
B)about a century earlier
C)about a century later
D)two centuries later
E)None of these are correct.

Question 36

Which of the following were ways that the Amerindian population reacted to the colonial economy?

A)They provided furs and deerskins to European traders.
B)Amerindian hunting and gathering and agricultural practices were disrupted.
C)They became dependent on European goods.
D)The natural balance of plants and animals was disrupted.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 37

The French settlements in America resembled Spanish and Portuguese colonies more than those of England in that they wanted to

A)draft Amerindians for military service.
B)extract resources and convert the population to Christianity.
C)free the Amerindians from oppression by the Aztec kings.
D)protect the environment while preserving Amerindian culture.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 38

The majority of slaves granted manumission

A)were married and fathered a child.
B)killed an opponent in the annual games at the stadium.
C)purchased their freedom.
D)pledged homage to the feudal lord.
E)by order of the Catholic Church.

Question 39

Gullah was the common idiom along the

A)Jersey shore.
B)Carolina coast.
C)Louisiana delta.
D)Virginia tidewater.
E)Florida panhandle.

Question 40

The two groups of Protestant dissenters that colonized New England were Pilgrims and

A)Quakers.
B)Puritans.
C)Mormons.
D)Presbyterians.
E)Anabaptists.

Question 41

Compare and contrast the different colonial regions established in British North America. In what ways were they similar or different?

Question 42

Spanish authorities used the term mestizo to refer to someone

Question 43

How did Massachusetts differ from England's southern colonies?

Question 44

What effect did European colonization of the Americas have on the environment and peoples of the Americas?

Question 45

The English and French did not colonize the Americas until almost a century after the Spanish and Portuguese. Why? How were the French and English colonies both similar to and different from those of Spain and Portugal?

Question 46

Which country's colonies had the lowest focus on missionary activities?

Question 47

The European market for fueled French settlement.

A)timber
B)oil
C)fish
D)fur
E)grain

Question 48

Between 1651 and 1673, the English Navigation Acts sought to

A)severely limit colonial trading and production competition.
B)limit the colonial manufacture of ships.
C)ban importation of the printing press to America.
D)prevent the importation of slaves on slave ships.
E)rechart the waters off the coast of North America.

Question 49

The term Columbian Exchange refers to .

Question 50

How did the end of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain affect the Spanish and Portuguese territories in the Americas?

Question 51

Tupac Amaru II was

A)an Aztec god.
B)a Brazilian rebel.
C)a Peruvian Amerindian leader.
D)a Mexican myth.
E)an early Amerindian convert to Islam.

Question 52

What role did religion play in European settlement of the Americas? Discuss Spanish, Portuguese, French, and British uses of Christianity as a tool of colonization.

Question 53

The French and Indian War resulted in the

A)French losing Canada to the English.
B)French losing Louisiana to Spain.
C)Spanish losing Texas to France.
D)Spanish losing Florida to the French.
E)The French losing Canada to the English while also losing Louisiana to Spain.

Question 54

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
Describe the encomienda and mita labor systems.

Question 55

Discuss the differences in colonial management practiced by the European states in the Americas. How did the different reasons for colonization lead to different levels of governmental presence in the colonies, and how did this governmental presence affect the social structure?

Question 56

The primary Amerindian allies of the French were the Algonquin and the native enemies of the French were the

A)Algonquin.
B)Iroquois.
C)Huron.
D)Cheyenne.
E)Leni Lenape.