Deck 23: Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World

Question 1

Women were instrumental in the dissemination of new political ideas by

A)purchasing and discussing books of the era.
B)contributing as writers and commentators.
C)bringing together thinkers in their homes, or salons.
D)raising the argument for women's rights.
E)All of these are correct.

Answer 1

All of these are correct.

Question 2

Who came to symbolize the vast potential of America to Europe's intellectuals?

A)George Washington
B)Thomas Jefferson
C)Abigail Adams
D)Benjamin Franklin
E)Thomas Paine

Answer 2

Benjamin Franklin

Question 3

In the eighteenth century, the common people of Europe sometimes expressed outrage over

A)the granting of the right to vote to women.
B)violations of popular customs.
C)the failure of European monarchs to proceed quickly with reforms.
D)African slavery.
E)the price of artwork.

Answer 3

violations of popular customs.

Question 4

Which of the following would John Locke have argued?

A)The king is appointed by the divine will of God, and people have to respect that.
B)Individual rights can only be guaranteed by an absolute ruler whose power is unchecked by the populace.
C)People have the right to rebellion when their natural rights are threatened.
D)The abolition of private property is necessary for the harmonious functioning of society.
E)Democracy does not work because not all people are equal or should be a part of the working government.

Question 5

Which of the following folk traditions did Enlightenment reformers not seek to ban?

A)cockfighting
B)harvest festivals
C)country fairs
D)religious holidays
E)patriotic anniversaries

Question 6

Before 1775, which of the following were tactics with which North American settlers responded to British policies?

A)organizing committees
B)organizing boycotts of British goods
C)covering British officials in hot tar and feathers
D)destroying British property like British tea
E)All of these are correct.

Question 7

What were the goals of monarchs such as Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia in supporting the Enlightenment?

A)They protected religious institutions from new ideas.
B)Expansion of royal authority over localism, religious institutions, and the nobility
C)They firmly reinforced the rights of feudal lords.
D)They secured the social order in favor of the nobility.
E)They favored a monopoly on joint-stock companies.

Question 8

The Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 were intended to

A)keep colonists from taking Amerindian land by slowing settlement.
B)provoke bitter resentment among colonists.
C)keep the colonists from complaining about taxes.
D)keep colonists from taking Amerindian land and provoke bitter resentment among colonists.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 9

The British angered American colonists by doing all of the following except

A)limiting trade by regulations.
B)imposing new taxes.
C)outlawing paper money in the colonies.
D)dissolving local legislatures.
E)sending colonists to Australia.

Question 10

The Proclamation of 1763 was the British attempt to

A)regain control of the colonial economy by enforcing the Navigation Acts.
B)reassert that colonists were citizens of Britain only and owed allegiance to the Crown.
C)limit western expansion by colonists to land under their control.
D)declare that the American colonists could only engage in trade and commerce with Britain.
E)force the colonists to refute any independent political actions.

Question 11

Counter Enlightenment thinkers argued the importance of faith to human happiness and that

A)people where responsible to the leaders, who were empowered by Divine Right.
B)the rights of the individual outweighed the rights of the popular consensus.
C)change and utopianism were flawed ideals.
D)religion was unnecessary in the new Age of Science.
E)people were inherently flawed and need strong government to maintain stability.

Question 12

The boycott of British goods was often organized by

A)the Sons of Liberty.
B)Quakers.
C)the Boston Merchant's Association.
D)women of prominent colonial families.
E)members of the Boston Tea Party.

Question 13

One of Rousseau's most radical ideas was that the will of the people was sacred and that government

A)could not impose unwanted taxes.
B)authority rested on the consent of the governed.
C)had to respond to calls for reform.
D)was responsible for controlling business.
E)should be abolished.

Question 14

Which of the following individuals was not part of the Enlightenment in Europe?

A)Johnson
B)Toussaint
C)Diderot
D)Linneaeus
E)None of these are correct.

Question 15

The Stamp Act placed a tax on which of the following?

A)legal documents
B)newspapers
C)pamphlets
D)None of these are correct.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 16

Who hosted salons in her Paris home?

A)Mary Wollstonecraft
B)Germaine de Stael
C)Betsy Ross
D)Gertrude Stein
E)Voltaire

Question 17

Which country's colonies in the Americas had the most political autonomy?

A)England
B)France
C)Spain
D)Portugal
E)None of these is correct.

Question 18

The salon was

A)a fashionable dinner club with music and gambling.
B)a private venue for discussing intellectual ideas.
C)an underground radical organization plotting the overthrow of the ancient regime.
D)a Parisian boutique frequented by Marie Antoinette.
E)where King Louis XVI met with his ministers.

Question 19

Which 1770 event radicalized public opinion throughout the American colonies?

A)the Molly Pitcher Incident
B)the Stamp Act
C)the Boston Massacre
D)the Quebec Act
E)the public hanging of Thomas Paine

Question 20

Which of the following was not one of the major eighteenth-century wars in Europe?

A)War of Spanish Succession
B)Thirty Years War
C)War of Austrian Succession
D)French and Indian War
E)Seven Years War

Question 21

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was

A)the first French constitution.
B)the French version of the Declaration of Independence.
C)a statement of the principles for a future constitution.
D)the resignation of Louis XVI and recognition of a new Republic in France.
E)the Manifesto of the Committee of Public Safety.

Question 22

Common Sense , the pamphlet that stirred up anti-British sentiment on the eve of the American Revolution, was written by

A)John Locke.
B)Thomas Paine.
C)John Jay.
D)Patrick Henry.
E)Voltaire.

Question 23

In response to economic depression, hunger, and high bread prices in 1789, a Parisian crowd

A)burned the Palace at Versailles.
B)attacked the Bastille.
C)petitioned to have Joan of Arc made a saint.
D)protested the building of Fontainebleau.
E)took the king and queen hostage.

Question 24

Under which state's constitution were women and African Americans eligible to vote until these rights were eliminated in 1807?

A)New York
B)Massachusetts
C)Rhode Island
D)New Jersey
E)Delaware

Question 25

Another crisis was created by the British when it granted a monopoly on the importation of

A)tea.
B)stamps.
C)sugar.
D)coffee.
E)cloth.

Question 26

The costs of which of the following began the financial crisis that eventually led to the French Revolution?

A)the Seven Years War
B)the American Revolution
C)the War of Austrian Succession
D)the War of Spanish Succession
E)the Winter War

Question 27

When the Parisian crowd marched to Versailles, it

A)beheaded Marie Antoinette.
B)petitioned the Crown for assistance.
C)took the entire National Assembly captive.
D)demanded the return of the royal family to Paris.
E)demanded a change from civil to common law.

Question 28

In the Constitution, slaves were counted as of a person for purpose of allocating congressional representatives.

A)one-tenth
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)three-fifths
E)three-quarters

Question 29

At Yorktown, with the American army supported by French soldiers and a French fleet, the British general Cornwallis

A)committed suicide.
B)was ambushed by Mohawk troops.
C)declared his support for American independence.
D)surrendered to General Washington.
E)signed the Declaration of Independence.

Question 30

The Treaty of gave the United States unconditional independence.

A)New Orleans
B)Ghent
C)London
D)Yorktown
E)Paris

Question 31

Who was king of France at the start of the French Revolution?

A)Napoleon
B)Louis XVI
C)George III
D)Henri V
E)Lafayette I

Question 32

The system of social organization in France would have placed the clergy in

A)the first estate.
B)the second estate.
C)the third estate.
D)clergy were not governed by secular legal classifications.
E)None of these is correct.

Question 33

In 1787, the Assembly of Notables

A)acted as a rubber stamp for new reforms and taxes.
B)unquestioningly accepted the competence of the king.
C)were the first socialist government in French history.
D)declared war on Russia to raise money.
E)sought to protect their own interests.

Question 34

The French Revolution

A)did not create enduring representative institutions.
B)did not undermine the traditional monarchy.
C)did not undermine the power of the Catholic Church.
D)was a bloodless revolution.
E)inspired the American Revolution.

Question 35

At what impromptu meeting place did the Third Estate pledge to write a constitution?

A)the beach
B)an indoor tennis court
C)the Bastille
D)an island on the Seine
E)a vineyard

Question 36

In 1787, King Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General, the French national legislature, because

A)only it could control the violent peasantry.
B)the French elite would not consent to new taxes.
C)he needed its consent to impose martial law.
D)he wanted to demonstrate the power of the throne.
E)he wanted their support for the manumission of slaves.

Question 37

The British had significant allies during the American Revolution, among them the Mohawks, while the colonists gained this country's support after their victory at Saratoga.

A)France
B)Germany
C)Italy
D)Spain
E)Canada

Question 38

Which French Estate, with allies from the other estates, declared itself to be the National Assembly?

A)First Estate
B)Second Estate
C)Third Estate
D)Fourth Estate
E)Fifth Estate

Question 39

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 is called "the Second American Revolution" because the delegates pushed aside their announced purpose and

A)it came just after the peace with England.
B)in secret wrote a new constitution presided over by George Washington.
C)of the fighting at the convention.
D)it created only a temporary form of government.
E)pitched battles broke out between Federalists and anti-Federalists.

Question 40

The Constitution was different from the Articles of Confederation in that it

A)provided for state legislation and a two-thirds majority to pass bills.
B)created a two-house legislature.
C)required a minimum income requirement in order to vote.
D)established a separate election of president and vice president.
E)was supported by both Federalists and anti-Federalists.

Question 41

In 1791, which of the following countries intervened in support of the French monarchy?

A)England
B)Russia
C)Prussia
D)Spain
E)Turkey

Question 42

Napoleon's army was essentially destroyed during his invasion of

A)Portugal.
B)Spain.
C)Austria.
D)Russia.
E)England.

Question 43

After King Louis XVI lost his authority, what new legislative and executive body was formed?

A)The Directory
B)The National Assembly
C)The National Convention
D)The Legislative Assembly
E)The Estates General

Question 44

In addition to killing thousands, the revolutionary government during the Reign of Terror

A)made a new calendar without Sundays.
B)established 10-day weeks.
C)forced priests to marry.
D)imprisoned 300,000 people.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 45

Fear of democracy and mass movements led the British government to pass the 1815

A)Property Ordinances.
B)"Holy Alliance" Laws.
C)Corn Laws.
D)Restoration Accord.
E)Metternich Concord.

Question 46

Napoleon's rise to power marked another modern form of government called

A)popular sovereignty.
B)enlightened despotism.
C)republicanism.
D)popular authoritarianism.
E)proletarian dictatorship.

Question 47

Napoleon won the support of the peasantry and the middle class by rewriting French law

A)to protect property.
B)to assert equality in law.
C)campaigning door to door.
D)to protect property and assert equality in law.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 48

Who was François Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture?

A)The leader of a slave revolt in Saint Domingue
B)The Caribbean delegate to the French Revolutionary Council
C)The great impressionist painter of the French Revolution
D)The son of Robespierre and the Empress Josephine
E)The French general who crushed the slave revolt in Saint Domingue

Question 49

In 1830, Greece won its independence from the

A)Ottoman Empire.
B)British Empire.
C)Russian Empire.
D)French Empire.
E)Byzantine Empire.

Question 50

Robespierre was a young, little-known member of which political group?

A)The Mountain
B)Royalists
C)Sans Culottes
D)Feulliants
E)Girondins

Question 51

Saint Domingue was most important to France because

A)of the large numbers of Frenchmen on the island.
B)it was the French military outpost in the Americas.
C)it generated one-third of all French foreign trade.
D)it was the last part of France's overseas empire.
E)it was strategically located between St. Lucia and Martinique.

Question 52

The free mixed-race population on Saint Domingue was called

A)gens de couleur.
B)creole.
C)Bonapartists.
D)maroons.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 53

The revolutions of 1848 were widespread across Europe and were inspired by

A)the establishment of permanent democracy in the Holy Roman Empire.
B)the desire for democratic reforms and national self-determination.
C)the installation of Louis Philippe as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
D)the demand that women be granted the right to vote.
E)Gil Scott-Heron's famous poem.

Question 54

After his escape from Elba, Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of

A)Waterloo.
B)the Bulge.
C)Britain.
D)Trafalgar.
E)Stalingrad.

Question 55

Napoleon's plans for European conquest were held in check by the naval supremacy of

A)Britain.
B)the Netherlands.
C)France.
D)Spain.
E)Portugal.

Question 56

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen included which of the following rights?

A)freedom of expression of ideas
B)freedom to own property
C)equality before the law for all citizens
D)representative government
E)All of these are correct.

Question 57

Most of the Jacobin members of the National Convention were

A)loyal to the monarchy.
B)advocates of military dictatorship.
C)anarchists.
D)from the middle class.
E)socialists.

Question 58

The end of the Reign of Terror came in 1794 when

A)Danton was elected president by the Committee for Public Safety.
B)Napoleon Bonaparte seized power.
C)Austrian forces overran Paris and deposed the National Assembly.
D)Robespierre was arrested and executed by conservatives in the Convention.
E)The Constitution of 1794 was passed by majority consensus.

Question 59

The Congress of Vienna restored conservative order in Europe in the post-Napoleonic period with a meeting with key delegates from

A)Britain.
B)Prussia.
C)Austria.
D)Russia.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 60

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
Defend the proposition that the Enlightenment represents more than an intellectual phenomenon. Trace the roots of the Enlightenment, and explain why and how it manifested itself in a revolutionary tradition.

Question 61

In what way was Benjamin Franklin "qualified" as a participant in the Enlightenment?

Question 62

The colonial wars of the eighteenth century triggered .

Question 63

What was the nature of the fiscal crisis that triggered the French Revolution?

Question 64

The Enlightenment as a social and intellectual movement impacted many segments of society. How did this movement affect women in the elite and common classes during the period of revolutions?

Question 65

Describe the circumstances and the outcomes of the Revolutions of 1848.

Question 66

The slave rebellion in Haiti was led by .

Question 67

What role did Prince Klemens von Metternich play in the Congress of Vienna?

Question 68

Why was Napoleon's reign so popular with the French? How did the extension of Napoleon's empire lead to the Congress of Vienna?

Question 69

Describe the major wars fought among European imperial powers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and identify the major consequences of these wars.

Question 70

After defeating the French in North America in 1763, what two major problems did the British face with respect to the American colonies?

Question 71

What role did Toussaint L'Ouverture play in the Haitian Revolution?

Question 72

The armed forces of the American colonists were small, poorly equipped, and often poorly led. How were those colonists able to defeat Great Britain, which ranked as one of the foremost military powers in the world at that time?

Question 73

Robespierre's execution signaled the end of