Deck 22: The Early Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Abraham Darby discovered that could be used in place of more expensive charcoal.

A)iron
B)puddling
C)steam
D)coke
E)glass

Answer 1

coke

Question 2

In rural areas, manufacture was carried out through proto-industrialization, where

A)a factory owner "put out" his workers to work in other factories.
B)merchants delivered raw materials to craftspeople and picked up the finished product.
C)merchants and factory owners collaborated to "cottage" a lower wage.
D)silk and cotton textiles were manufactured together.
E)workers led an idyllic working life.

Answer 2

merchants delivered raw materials to craftspeople and picked up the finished product.

Question 3

Britain's social structure is described as being "more fluid" than the rest of Europe. Which of the following is the most likely reason for that?

A)They had a reformed national church.
B)It had a less powerful aristocracy.
C)It did not have the three-estate system of France.
D)It had a highly regimented government bureaucracy.
E)The lines between the classes were not as sharply drawn.

Answer 3

The lines between the classes were not as sharply drawn.

Question 4

What small English town became the fastest-growing city in history as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

A)Liverpool
B)Sheffield
C)Birmingham
D)Manchester
E)Irwell

Question 5

The most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt's

A)cotton gin.
B)steam engine.
C)saddle.
D)bicycle.
E)light bulb.

Question 6

Which of the following were factors that gave Britain a "head start" on the Industrial Revolution?

A)It was the world's leading exporter of tools, guns, hardware, and other crafts.
B)It had the largest merchant marine.
C)It was highly commercial, and many people were involved in production and trade.
D)It enjoyed a high standard of living and a "fluid" society.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following were efforts that European governments made to stimulate their economies?

A)Opening of technical schools
B)Promotion of private investment in industry building
C)Elimination of internal tariffs
D)Encouraging joint stock companies
E)All of the above.

Question 8

The agricultural revolution was a change in farming methods and crops that resulted in

A)the creation of a large class of landless farm laborers.
B)wealthy landowners taking over communal lands.
C)European population growth as a result of new crops such as potatoes and corn.
D)the introduction of better livestock, soil improvement, and crop rotation.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 9

Why was industrialization of continental Europe more difficult than in Britain?

A)Ongoing wars slowed the diffusion of British technologies and discouraged investment in industrial production.
B)Nationalism prohibited trade with other countries.
C)Tariffs (taxes on goods between countries)made transportation very expensive.
D)Europe lacked rivers.
E)Continental Europe had no colonies from which to get raw goods.

Question 10

According to the chapter, what was not one of the five major innovations that spurred industrialization?

A)electricity
B)the steam engine
C)the division of labor
D)increased production of iron
E)All of these are correct.

Question 11

New forms of energy were important for industrialization, such as

A)horse power.
B)wind and water energy.
C)the steam engine and electricity.
D)hydroelectric power.
E)gas turbine engines.

Question 12

Among the new inventions developed to weave cotton textiles was (were)

A)the steam engine.
B)the spinning jenny and the water frame.
C)the power loom and the thread "genie."
D)the fulling press and the iron "foot."
E)the rotary weaving engine.

Question 13

In the cool and humid regions of Europe, what new crop brought from the Americas contributed greatly to the agricultural revolution?

A)potato
B)wheat
C)rice
D)rye
E)oats

Question 14

England began importing raw cotton and making cloth domestically

A)because the English Parliament banned importation of cotton cloth.
B)because there was no other source of cheap clothing.
C)because it badly needed the raw material for its mills.
D)because its export was stopped by other countries.
E)in order to support the southern states during the American Civil War.

Question 15

As a result of industrialization of Britain, the most valuable crop in America was

A)coal.
B)lumbar.
C)steel.
D)cotton.
E)potatoes.

Question 16

A significant contribution to the mass manufacture of cheap metal items, such as Eli Whitney's production of firearms, was the development of

A)interchangeable parts.
B)lost wax casting of iron.
C)individual fitting together of parts by hand.
D)molded metal.
E)amalgamations of metal known as pig iron.

Question 17

What item most influenced the dissemination of useful technologies during the Industrial Revolution?

A)Records of the U.S. Patent Office
B)Speeches given by inventors in the House of Commons
C)The French multivolume Encyclopedie
D)Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto
E)Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations

Question 18

In the cotton industry, what offered the twin advantages of increased productivity for the manufacturer and lower prices for the consumer?

A)ionization
B)inebriation
C)mechanization
D)specialization
E)None of these are correct.

Question 19

According to the text, which industry offers a good example of mass production?

A)cotton
B)pottery
C)iron
D)steam
E)railroad

Question 20

"Division of labor" in mass production manufacturing means

A)dividing the work force into capitalists and communists.
B)dividing work into specialized and repetitive tasks.
C)using "division" as well as other mathematical functions.
D)having the worker make the entire product.
E)dividing the labor unions in order to weaken them.

Question 21

What invention, which was developed simultaneously in England and America, revolutionized communication during the Industrial Revolution?

A)the phonograph
B)radar
C)yhe electric telegraph
D)the battery
E)the telephone

Question 22

Industrial work had an enormous effect on the family because

A)it provided a steady income for families.
B)work was now removed from the home and family members were separated all day.
C)children were happier in factories than on farms.
D)factory work was safer than farm work.
E)the move to the city made families happier and more stable.

Question 23

Friedrich List's ideas helped lead to the formation of

A)communism.
B)utopias.
C)the proletariat.
D)the Zollverein.
E)the Raj.

Question 24

With industrialization, the role of middle-class women became management of the home, children, and servants. This was known as

A)the "factory at home."
B)the "female world of home."
C)"home, sweet home."
D)"children, kitchen, and church."
E)the "cult of domesticity."

Question 25

Single women and married women both did factory work but for different reasons:

A)Married women worked if their husbands were unable to support their families.
B)Unmarried women worked for themselves or to save for marriage.
C)Married women worked to put their children through school.
D)Single women worked to make friends and be social.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 26

Which of the following was true of poor urban neighborhoods?

A)They were often filled with overcrowded tenements.
B)There was an atmosphere of filth, pollution, and sewage.
C)The danger of typhus, smallpox, dysentery, and tuberculosis was very high.
D)Houses were often mixed in with factories.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 27

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations ?

A)Adam Smith
B)Thomas Malthus
C)Jeremy Bentham
D)Friedrich List
E)Friedrich Engels

Question 28

One profound effect that industrialization had on the world was that

A)Western Europe and North America were empowered at the expense of the rest of the world.
B)the raw material of Africa made it the center of industrialization.
C)the availability of cheap labor in Asia caused its markets to expand rapidly.
D)Europe went into a slow decline due to worldwide competition.
E)workers' wages and quality of living rose quickly.

Question 29

The real beneficiaries of the early Industrial Revolution, according to the text, were

A)landed gentry.
B)recent immigrants who were able to obtain jobs in industry.
C)rural farmers and sharecroppers who were in demand for food supply.
D)the middle classes.
E)women who had greater social mobility and earning power.

Question 30

North Americans changed their environment on a scale.

A)minimal
B)vast
C)medium
D)minor
E)None of these are correct.

Question 31

A significant technology that transformed the lives of factory workers and expanded the work day past sunset was

A)gas lighting.
B)electricity.
C)indoor plumbing.
D)regulation of clocks.
E)public transportation.

Question 32

Who invented the battery, making it possible to produce an electric current?

A)Thomas Edison
B)Alexander Graham Bell
C)Samuel Morse
D)Alessandro Volta
E)William Cooke

Question 33

Because of the cotton boom, the number of slaves in the United States went from 700,000 in the 1790s to by 1850.

A)100,000
B)1,000,000
C)3,200,000
D)5,600,000
E)10,000,000

Question 34

Women with small children tried hard to find work that could be done at home such as

A)laundry.
B)embroidery.
C)millinery.
D)taking in lodgers.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 35

The laissez-faire argument challenged the prevailing economic model of the time, which was

A)mercantilism.
B)positivism.
C)communism.
D)Keynesian.
E)anarchosyndicalism.

Question 36

The first commercially successful steamboat was Robert Fulton's North River, which first sailed in this river.

A)St. Lawrence Seaway
B)Hudson River
C)Mississippi River
D)Ohio River
E)Erie Canal

Question 37

Thomas Malthus' explanation of workers' misfortunes was that

A)the population was outgrowing the food supply and leading to falling wages.
B)workers were immoral and destined to fail.
C)the weak would perish and the strong would survive.
D)workers needed to work harder and longer hours.
E)the government was uncaring.

Question 38

Urbanization had the greatest impact on

A)the elite, who came to the cities to attend fashionable events.
B)the bourgeoisie, who developed a professional class.
C)the factory owners, who came to the cities to keep an eye on their businesses.
D)the poor, who came to increasingly overcrowded cities from rural areas for work.
E)children, who attended schools in cities.

Question 39

Steamships brought what disease to Europe from India?

A)smallpox
B)cholera
C)rickets
D)shingles
E)bubonic plague

Question 40

In the early years of industrialization, most women worked in

A)laundry and sewing.
B)coal mining.
C)textile factories.
D)nursing and teaching.
E)domestic servant positions.

Question 41

Describe the communist critique of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 42

Roughly percent of Britain's population was under fifteen years of age in the nineteenth century.

Question 43

How did industrialization change China's relationship with the West?

A)China's industrialization put it on an equal footing with the West.
B)Industrialization caused Chinese and Western workers to unite.
C)European steam-powered gunboats humiliated China's military.
D)European nations "shared the wealth" with China.
E)Europe demanded massive Chinese immigration for factory work.

Question 44

Which of the following best describes the appeal of Chartism in England?

A)universal male suffrage
B)the secret ballot
C)salaries for members of Parliament
D)annual elections
E)All of these are correct.

Question 45

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
Why did the Industrial Revolution take place first in Britain rather than in another country?

Question 46

What were the environmental effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Question 47

Explain the effects of the agricultural revolution and the Industrial Revolution.

Question 48

Britain's main strategy to eliminate competition in trade, especially in India, was to

A)flood the market with cheap goods and drive competitors out of business.
B)start a war, which Britain could win because of its superior navy.
C)suppress all unionist activity that might cause an interruption of productivity.
D)send all the Chartist reformers to Australia.
E)send in saboteurs to destroy other countries' factories.

Question 49

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on women and family life?

Question 50

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the population grew because of .

Question 51

How do you account for the spread of industrialization outside of England in the nineteenth century?

Question 52

The Chinese government remained an empire much less dependent on foreign trade than major European powers.

Question 53

The Factory Act of 1833

A)prohibited textile mills from employing workers under the age of nine.
B)increased wages for all workers of Great Britain and Scotland.
C)granted women equal pay for equal work.
D)created separate guilds for male and female workers.
E)enacted safety laws.

Question 54

What events in Continental Europe between 1789 and 1815 opened the door for Britain's advancement in the Industrial Revolution?

Question 55

To address the misery of the poor, French socialists proposed that workers form communities under the protection of business leaders and that social and economic problems could be solved by application of the scientific method; their views were known as

A)totalitarianism.
B)humanism.
C)positivism.
D)Darwinism.
E)communism.

Question 56

Which of the following was not a type of protest or call for reform during the Industrial Revolution?

A)Luddites
B)Captain Swing riots
C)Grand National Consolidated Trade Union
D)United Briton
E)Enclosure

Question 57

How were colonialism and European imperialism related to industrialization?

Question 58

As a result of industrialization, the relationship between western Europe and the non-Western world

A)improved through increased communications.
B)worsened through the savagery of the slave trade.
C)remained the same.
D)became based on Western dominance.
E)became dominated by the non-Western world through their monopoly of raw materials.

Question 59

Whose Egyptian reform efforts ran afoul of the British?

A)Attaturk
B)Muhammad Ali
C)Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davar
D)Emperor Wu
E)British East India Company

Question 60

What five revolutionary innovations made possible the Industrial Revolution? Give one example of each of these innovations, and describe how each was adapted.

Question 61

Describe the early advocates of laissez faire and explore some of its critics.

Question 62

Discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on rural areas in western Europe and America.