Deck 11: Christian Societies Emerge in Europe

Question 1

The Treaty of Verdun resulted in

A)the formal declaration of Roman Christianity for kingdoms of Charlemagne.
B)a cessation of hostilities between the Muslims and Christians in Spain.
C)the division of the Holy Roman Empire among Charlemagne's grandsons.
D)a reconciliation between the Eastern Orthodox and Western (Catholic)Christian sects.
E)formal surrender of Constantinople to the Seljuk Turks.

Answer 1

the division of the Holy Roman Empire among Charlemagne's grandsons.

Question 2

A significant Byzantine achievement in the ninth century, carried out by Cyrial and Methodius, was

A)the spread of Orthodox Christianity among the Slavs.
B)the introduction of Islam to southern Europe.
C)their shipbuilding and epics about the wars of the Mediterranean Sea.
D)a dynamic painting style conveying deep emotion and spiritual yearning.
E)their revival of the Olympic games.

Answer 2

the spread of Orthodox Christianity among the Slavs.

Question 3

Agricultural workers who were legally bound to the manor and were obligated to perform set services for the lord were

A)satraps.
B)serfs.
C)mobads.
D)bailiffs.
E)sheriffs.

Answer 3

serfs.

Question 4

What is considered the greatest Byzantine architectural monument?

A)Hagia Sophia
B)the Great Horn
C)the Hippodrome
D)the palace of the Porphyrogenitus rulers
E)the library of Alexius Comnenus

Question 5

The schism of 1054 between the Eastern and Western churches was caused primarily by disagreements over practices of the Latin Church and

A)how mass should be celebrated.
B)the territorial jurisdiction of the western papacy.
C)monophysitism.
D)Arianism.
E)the Crusades.

Question 6

How far north did Muslim raiders reach into France?

A)Paris
B)Toulouse
C)Tours
D)Cologne
E)None of these is correct.

Question 7

As time went on, armored knighthood was limited to those with revenue from land and

A)was restricted to those with hereditary titles.
B)continued only in areas with a free peasantry.
C)became the central figure in medieval warfare.
D)required permission of the king and the church.
E)was taught to all citizens.

Question 8

After the seventh century, Byzantine women were increasingly confined to

A)their homes.
B)farms.
C)monasteries.
D)urban areas.
E)None of these is correct.

Question 9

When did William the Conqueror invade England?

A)793
B)843
C)999
D)1066
E)1179

Question 10

The innovation that allowed knights to fight with lances was the

A)ironwork.
B)stirrup.
C)chain mail.
D)hauberk.
E)None of these is correct.

Question 11

Vikings from which country formed kingdoms along the rivers of eastern Europe and Russia?

A)Denmark
B)France
C)Norway
D)Sweden
E)Greenland

Question 12

In general, which of the following did not occur in western Europe after the decline of Roman authority?

A)a legal framework disappeared
B)there was increasing political fragmentation
C)the population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs
D)Roman traditions were replaced with family-based German traditions
E)the city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman church

Question 13

A fief was

A)a small, nonhereditary manor.
B)any estate governed by a hereditary lord.
C)any small and independent kingdom.
D)a Germanic peasant.
E)a grant of land exchanged for a sworn oath to provide military service.

Question 14

In medieval Europe, the primary centers for agricultural production were

A)scattered farms owned by the regional nobility.
B)small farms owned by those who worked on them.
C)self-sufficient farming estates known as manors.
D)normally worked by slaves.
E)communal property under village control.

Question 15

The sixth-century "plague of Justinian" was

A)an economic crisis caused by the emperor's economic policies.
B)the death and destruction caused by Justinian's marauding armies.
C)the moral decay and social class struggle in the empire.
D)an outbreak of bubonic plague during Justinian's rule.
E)a further divide between the Western and Eastern Churches.

Question 16

A significant military threat to western Europe in the late eighth century came from Scandinavia when

A)the Abbasid Caliphate's re-conquest of Islamic territories.
B)the reappearance from the eastern Steppes of the Huns.
C)uprisings of Germanic tribes against Charlemagne's expansion.
D)Viking raiders attacked and plundered the British, Danish, and French coastal areas.
E)a renewed naval fleet from Carthage.

Question 17

Charlemagne was the first person to have the title emperor in Western Europe in

A)100 years.
B)300 years.
C)500 years.
D)700 years.
E)1,000 years.

Question 18

After the tenth century the Roman Catholic Church faced all of the following challenges EXCEPT

A)disagreements over church regulations.
B)getting the office of pope more acknowledged internationally.
C)shortages of trained clergy.
D)continued infractions of the rules against clergy marrying.
E)residual pagan practices such as the worship of rivers, trees, and mountains.

Question 19

After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire

A)became known as the Byzantine Empire.
B)fell under the control of Constantine.
C)fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms.
D)had no powerful rulers or authority.
E)reasserted Roman rule.

Question 20

Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as "feudal" an oversimplification?

A)The social structure of the Germanic peoples emphasized loyalty to the pope.
B)The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region.
C)Feudalism didn't begin until 1300.
D)Most of the old Roman system continued, particularly in France.
E)Scholars now know that "feudalism" as such never really existed.

Question 21

Books within the Catholic church to guide priests about appropriate penance for sin were called

A)hymnals.
B)catechism.
C)triptychs.
D)hagiographies.
E)penitentials.

Question 22

One of the most significant sources of conflict for western Europe between 1000 and 1400 was

A)a struggle for power between the church and state.
B)a struggle for holding together the Holy Roman Empire as Charlemagne had created it.
C)a struggle to keep the Muslims from crossing the Straits of Gibraltar.
D)the loss of status when Russia chose to convert to the "eastern" form of Christianity.
E)the reputation of corrupt popes.

Question 23

Which of the following is not responsible for the success of many cities in Italy and Flanders?

A)They controlled extensive agricultural lands.
B)They passed laws making serfs free once they came to the city.
C)They were independent rather than controlled by feudal lords.
D)They specialized in trade and manufacturing.
E)They had more abundant coinage.

Question 24

Those who lived by monastic rules were called clergy.

A)regular
B)secular
C)papal
D)prioral
E)Clunal

Question 25

The Bayeux Tapestry was designed and executed by

A)French victors after the Battle of Hastings.
B)women.
C)a weaver's guild.
D)Carmelite nuns.
E)slaves.

Question 26

The term investiture controversy refers to the

A)dispute over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.
B)debate over how to invest church funds.
C)conflict over choosing new popes.
D)amount of power local priests were allowed.
E)issue of whether a noble could marry a commoner.

Question 27

The Holy Roman Empire had little influence west of the River.

A)Thames
B)Rhine
C)Seine
D)Volga
E)Tiber

Question 28

The buying and selling of ecclesiastical appointments was called

A)purgatory.
B)simony.
C)investiture.
D)nepotism.
E)heresy.

Question 29

Which Pope called for the First Crusade?

A)Urban II
B)Alexius Comnenus
C)Richard Lion-heart
D)Leo III
E)Gregory VII

Question 30

The movement for reformed monasticism under the austere Rule of Benedict included which of the following changes?

A)independence of the monastery from local secular politics
B)poverty
C)prayer at specified intervals
D)hard labor
E)All of the above.

Question 31

The Varangians who ruled early Russia were

A)Turkish nomads.
B)displaced Byzantine aristocracy.
C)Swedish Vikings.
D)Germanic tribesmen.
E)the Kievan nobility.

Question 32

One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I rejected Judaism due to doubts about a powerful god who would let the ancient Jewish kingdom be destroyed, and he chose Christianity over Islam because

A)he felt that Islam was more appropriate to nomadic peoples.
B)he felt that a relationship with Islam would do nothing to promote trade.
C)he got special dispensation from the pope to marry two wives.
D)he knew that Islam forbade alcohol consumption.
E)he was a great art lover, and in his view Islam had no beautiful religious buildings.

Question 33

During the revival of Western Europe (1000-1200), the population nearly doubled, in part, because of

A)papal edicts to encourage increased birthrates.
B)the Christian Crusades.
C)technological innovations such as a new type of plow and efficient draft harnesses for pulling wagons.
D)the abolition of the death penalty for debtors across Europe.
E)the introduction of rice (from Arab lands)to the diet.

Question 34

Which of the following is not true about the Crusades?

A)They were a series of religiously inspired campaigns.
B)After 1071, the Seljuk Turk threat to pilgrims had subsided.
C)Economic forces such as the desire to increase trade and land hunger were contributing factors.
D)The pope promised atonement from sins for the Crusaders.
E)The Crusaders captured Jerusalem.

Question 35

In addition to providing many charitable services, one of the most important effects of monasticism was

A)the preservation of literacy and learning, particularly with regard to ancient Latin texts.
B)the new hierarchy it imposed on the church.
C)the aggressive missionary efforts of Benedictine monks.
D)the creation of a religious warrior class.
E)preserving the work of the ancient Greeks.

Question 36

In Kievan Russia, the manorial agricultural system of western Europe never developed; instead power derived from

A)landholding.
B)warfare.
C)religion.
D)trade.
E)mining.

Question 37

As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following EXCEPT

A)Arabic translations of ancient Greek science and philosophy.
B)access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle, heretofore unknown in western Europe.
C)pasta, paper, and refined sugar.
D)hard soap and colored glass.
E)original thought-provoking works by Arab and Iranian writers.

Question 38

Whose martyrdom made Canterbury a major pilgrimage center?

A)Boniface
B)Thomas Becket
C)Gregory VII
D)Hildebrand
E)Charlemagne

Question 39

Instructions: Answer the following question(s).
How did the decline of the Byzantine Empire correlate with the growth in the power and prestige of the Holy Roman Empire in western Europe?

Question 40

Describe the political and economic transformation of medieval Europe after the decline of Rome. How did the organization of Medieval European societies differ from that of Rome at its height? What role did invading forces have in this transformation?

Question 41

Describe the relationship between medieval knights and land ownership.

Question 42

Which of the following technologies continued to grow after the collapse of the Roman economy?

Question 43

A grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service was called a .

Question 44

What the name of the dispute between various popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over ecclesiastical appointments?

Question 45

Discuss the internal and external challenges, threats and changes facing the Western Christian church between 300 and 1200.

Question 46

Describe the relationship between Christianity and polytheism in Kievan Russia.

Question 47

What was the most important form of monasticism in early medieval Europe, and why?

Question 48

Describe life in feudal society in the period from 600 to 1000.

Question 49

What type of Christianity did Vladimir I choose?

Question 50

What were the causes and consequences of the Crusades?