Deck 11: Early Medieval Europe

Question 1

The Lindau Gospels book highlights the stylistic diversity of early medieval art. Which of the following describes that combination?

A)The work highlights the Byzantine tradition and Utrecht Psalter style.
B)The work highlights the early Christian tradition and Utrecht Psalter style.
C)The work highlights the early Christian tradition and Coronation Gospels style.
D)The work highlights the Byzantine tradition and Ebbo Gospels style.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who was a major force in the revival of the Classical style in early medieval times?

A)Louis the Pious
B)Bernward of Hildesheim
C)Charlemagne
D)Otto III

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the image of Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospels , the artist merged classical illusionism with ____.

A)abstract shapes
B)the northern linear tradition
C)linear perspective
D)animal interlace

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The two groupings of a man standing between two lions on the Sutton Hoo purse cover can be found in ____.

A)the ancient world
B)Carolingian manuscripts
C)monastic sculpture
D)Egypt

Question 5

Which group of barbarian invaders at one time controlled part of Italy and formed a kingdom in southern France, and then were forced into Spain by the Franks?

A)Visigoths
B)Huns
C)Lombards
D)Franks

Question 6

The art of medieval monasteries in Ireland is described as ____.

A)Frankish
B)Ottonian
C)Merovingian
D)Hiberno-Saxon

Question 7

What manuscript is commonly considered the greatest of the extant early medieval Irish books?

A)Book of Durrow
B)Book of Lindisfarne
C)Book of Alciun
D)Book of Kells

Question 8

In the later Middle Ages, religious books were created for the private devotions of the laity. They were based on readers used by the monks. These books contained prayers to be read at specific times during the day and were popularly known as ____.

A)Books of Devotions
B)Books of Sacramentaries
C)Books of Hours
D)Books of Benedictionals

Question 9

The symbol of Matthew from the Book of Durrow shows frontal head, profile feet, and a cloak and frame that resemble contemporaneous cloisonné metalwork. Which of the following statements explains this work?

A)Wedding the abstraction of Late Roman adornment and early Christian pictorial imagery
B)Wedding the abstraction of early medieval adornment and early Christian and Byzantine pictorial imagery
C)Wedding the abstraction of early Christian adornment and Late Roman pictorial imagery
D)Wedding the abstraction of Byzantine adornment and early Christian pictorial imagery

Question 10

Equestrian statues were reminders of Rome's glory. Charlemagne returned to Rome after his coronation with an equestrian statue of Theodoric. Which statue served as the ultimate model for such equestrian portraits?

A)Marcus Aurelius
B)Alexander the Great
C)Justinian
D)Julius Caesar

Question 11

What church plan was used as the model for the palace chapel at Aachen?

A)Old Saint Peter's
B)Santa Sabina
C)Hagia Sophia
D)San Vitale

Question 12

The alternate support system is first found in the architecture of which period?

A)Merovingian
B)Early Christian
C)Carolingian
D)Ottonian

Question 13

Two silver spoons, "Saulos" and "Paulos," Paul's names before and after baptism, were discovered as part of the Sutton Hoo burial. What might be alluded from these spoons?

A)They were part of the ritual burial ceremony.
B)The owner's conversion to Christianity.
C)The owner's need for utilitarian objects.
D)They were left as gifts.

Question 14

The style of Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospels resembles the illustrations in the contemporaneous ____.

A)Lindisfarne Gospels
B)Commentary on the Apocalypse
C)Utrecht Psalter
D)Uta Codex

Question 15

Through the use of illuminated manuscripts, Christian monks impressed the illiterate Christian population by ____.

A)making words beautiful
B)reading aloud
C)the large scale of them
D)depicting every Gospel story

Question 16

Irish or Celtic stone crosses are identifiable by which of the following?

A)Four arms of equal length
B)A circle intersecting the cross arms
C)Extra top slanting bar
D)Combination swastika symbolizing the four directions

Question 17

The ____ was the most typical object of prestige adornments in the medieval period.

A)fibula
B)belt buckle
C)purse cover
D)cloisonné

Question 18

Early-11th-century England was briefly part of what empire?

A)Merovingian
B)Carolingian
C)Danish
D)Celtic

Question 19

It has been said that the author-portrait of Saint Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels shows classical influences. What supports this statement?

A)The figure is seated as an imperial emperor.
B)The figure is seated as an adjudicating senator.
C)The figure is seated as a philosopher or poet reading or writing.
D)The figure is seated as an imperial judge.

Question 20

In the mid-10th century, the eastern part of the Carolingian empire was consolidated under the rule of the ____.

A)Hiberno-Saxon monks
B)Ottonians
C)Franks
D)Benedictine order

Question 21

The Utrecht Psalter is most closely related to which of the following?

A)Book of Lindisfarne
B)Ebbo Gospels
C)Gospel Book of Otto III
D)Bishop Bernward Gospels

Question 22

The primary sacred text was the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament originally written in Hebrew and the New Testament written in Greek. In what language is the Vulgate version of the Bible written?

A)Entirely in Greek
B)Old German
C)Latin
D)Archaic English

Question 23

Bernward's doors for Saint Michael's, Hildesheim, juxtapose scenes from Genesis with scenes from ____.

A)the Gospel of Luke
B)Exodus
C)the prodigal son
D)the life of Christ

Question 24

The epic ____ records that heroes were buried with items of prestige, such as rings and brooches, as a testament to their greatness.

A)Book of Durrow
B)Lindisfarne Gospels
C)Book of Doom
D)Saga of Beowulf

Question 25

In the image of Otto III enthroned, the ____ signify his universal authority and conform to a Christian imperial iconographic tradition.

A)abstract interlace
B)antique illusionism
C)scepter and orb
D)columns

Question 26

Which work demonstrates that the Carolingian artist had fully absorbed the Classical manner?

A)Psalm 23, Utrecht Psalter
B)Saint Matthew, Coronation Gospels
C)Saint Luke, Lindisfarne Gospels
D)Otto III Enthroned, Gospel Book of Otto III

Question 27

In which way did the three-aisled basilica for the Monastery of Saint Gall differ from its early Christian prototypes?

A)It had a second apse on the west end.
B)It had a choir between crossing and apse.
C)It had integrated towers.
D)It had a procession of transepts.

Question 28

What was the primary vehicle used in the Christianization of the British Isles?

A)Roman manuscripts
B)Reliquaries
C)Illuminated manuscripts
D)Oral tradition

Question 29

Later Ottonian church architecture adopted heavy square piers alternating with columns, dividing the nave into vertical units and mitigating the smooth rhythm of early Christian arcades. This system is known as ____.

A)revived Romanism
B)modular
C)alternate support
D)Middle Byzantine

Question 30

What is the significance of the term holy when applied to a Roman emperor?

Question 31

Explain the importance of Uta Codex .

Question 32

Why is Christmas Day 800 significant?

Question 33

The Book of Durrow has pages devoted to pure embellishment with neither text nor illustration. Why is this significant?

Question 34

____ were centrally important to the revival of learning during Charlemagne's reign.

A)Wealthy noblemen
B)Barbarian treasures
C)Viking converts
D)Monastic communities

Question 35

Contrast the Lindau Gospels book cover and the Gero Crucifix .

Question 36

Because of their large scale, ____ are the exceptions of artistic production in Ireland and northern England.

A)stave churches
B)bronze doors
C)high crosses
D)equestrian portraits

Question 37

Briefly describe and explain the juxtaposition of Old and New Testament scenes of the doors with relief panels from Saint Michael's at Hildesheim.

Question 38

The Carolingian architectural plan that demonstrated the beginnings of the modular system was found in ____.

A)the Monastery of Saint Gall
B)the abbey church of Centula
C)Saint Michael's at Hildesheim
D)Saint-Riquier

Question 39

What model may have inspired the presence of two apses and a side entrance at Saint Michael's, Hildesheim?

A)Basilica of Constantine
B)Basilica Ulpia
C)Aula Palatina Basilica
D)Basilica Trajan

Question 40

The ____ burial epitomizes the early medieval tradition of burying great lords with rich furnishings.

A)Sutton Hoo
B)Lindisfarne
C)Centula
D)Suffolk

Question 41

Compare and contrast the Book of Durrow with the Coronation Gospels . How does each work represent its environment? How does each work reflect its period and the changes in manuscript illumination, if any?

Question 42

Discuss the development of manuscript painting in the various regions or historical periods covered in this chapter. What elements are indigenous, and what influences came from outside contacts or sources? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 43

What purpose did the plan for the monastery at Saint Gall serve, and how was it organized?

Question 44

Early medieval civilization in western Europe represents a fusion of which cultures?

Question 45

Evaluate the importance of Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim to the development of Ottonian art.

Question 46

Compare and contrast the artistic patronage of Charlemagne and the Ottonian rulers. To what extent were their influences and tastes similar or different? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 47

Who was Alciun of York, and what was his contribution to art history of this period?

Question 48

Interpret the portrait of Otto III from the Gospel Book of Otto III .

Question 49

Explain the fusion of Christianity, the Greco-Roman heritage, and the cultures of the Barbarians. What effect did this fusion have on the visual arts of the early Middle Ages? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 50

Critically evaluate the bronze doors of the abbey church at Hildesheim. How did they revive a monumental sculptural tradition? What religious and philosophical components went into the iconographic program? What outside influences are also reflected in these doors?

Question 51

Compare and contrast the Utrecht Psalter with the Lectionary of Henry II . Discuss the subject and the execution. Also consider the period of each work as well as the individual patron of each work.

Question 52

Briefly describe a cross-inscribed carpet page from the Lindisfarne Gospels . What does it show?

Question 53

Briefly describe the contributions of the Iona monks.

Question 54

What form did much medieval art from this period take, and how did the reception of it change?

Question 55

Describe and explain the interaction of Roman illusionism and abstraction in manuscript illumination of the early Middle Ages. Use examples to support your essay.

Question 56

Why is the image of Saint Matthew in the Lindisfarne Gospels exceptional, and what would explain its uniqueness?

Question 57

Evaluate the development of architecture during the Carolingian period. What changes occurred? How were they initiated, and what outside influences impacted these changes? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 58

Compare and contrast Carolingian and Ottonian architecture. Consider the development and evolution in architectural styles and attendant sculptural programs. Use specific examples to support your essay.