Deck 11: Economics and Politics: With Emphasis on India and Its It Professionals

Question 1

________________ societies do not possess the technology that allows them to create surplus wealth.

A)Pastoral
B)Hunting and gathering
C)Agricultural
D)Horticultural

Answer 1

B

Question 2

_____________ is a form of domination in which one country imposes its political, economic, social, and cultural institutions on an indigenous population and the land the indigenous population occupies.

A)Mechanization
B)Colonialization
C)Industrialization
D)Revolution

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Silicon chips, fiber optics, and satellites are technologies associated with

A)the agricultural revolution.
B)the domestication revolution.
C)the Industrial Revolution.
D)post-industrial societies.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

________________ societies rely on hand tools such as hoes and employ slash-and-burn technology.

A)Agrarian
B)Hunting and gathering
C)Horticultural
D)Primitive

Question 5

_____________ is the most important characteristic of capitalistic systems.

A)Government-run
B)Profit-driven
C)Technologically-focused
D)Collective ownership

Question 6

India is a former colony of which one of the following countries?

A)France
B)United States
C)Britain
D)Germany

Question 7

The process of bringing plants and animals under human control is known as

A)subjectification.
B)agrarianism.
C)domestification.
D)horticulturalism.

Question 8

The skills needed for jobs in the ___________ revolve around interpersonal communication, reading, writing, and calculating.

A)agricultural sector
B)manufacturing sector
C)postindustrial economy
D)secondary economy

Question 9

The distinguishing feature of the postindustrial society is

A)the ability to produce goods and services at revolutionary speeds.
B)the mass production of goods that allowed people to purchase more products than they needed.
C)the tremendous change of scale in the number of people a person knows or can know.
D)that a small percentage of the population can grow food needed to sustain society.

Question 10

Which one of the following inventions fundamentally changed the status of women in relation to men?

A)the plow
B)the automobile
C)dishwasher
D)the light bulb

Question 11

Which one of the following would be classified as "goods"?

A)entertainment
B)transportation
C)banking
D)clothing

Question 12

Each of the six types of societies (hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, agrarian, industrial, and postindustrial)is distinguished by

A)the amount of surplus wealth that the people living in them are able to produce.
B)the level of inequality inherent in the society.
C)their primary food source.
D)their views on nature and the environment.

Question 13

In India, there are an estimated 150,000 largely forest-dwelling peoples officially classified by the government as "primitive tribal groups." These groups derive much of their subsistence from foraging and fall under the category

A)pastoral.
B)hunting and gathering.
C)agricultural.
D)horticultural.

Question 14

The invention of the plow 6,000 years ago marked the emergence of _____________ societies.

A)agrarian
B)horticultural
C)pastoral
D)postindustrial

Question 15

__________________ economies are defined by the manipulation of numbers, words, images, and other symbols.

A)Colonial
B)Agricultural
C)Postindustrial
D)Industrial

Question 16

____________ are socially created institutions that coordinate human activity in an effort to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services.

A)Economic systems
B)Political systems
C)Educational systems
D)Religions

Question 17

The quote "the most successful and long-persistent lifestyle in the career of our species" refers to which type of society?

A)pastoral
B)hunting and gathering
C)agricultural
D)horticultural

Question 18

Wealth beyond what is needed to meet basic human needs such as food and shelter is known as

A)excess wealth.
B)surplus goods.
C)surplus wealth.
D)excessive wealth.

Question 19

Which one of the following would be classified as a "service"?

A)harvesting food
B)manufacturing clothing
C)personal care
D)extracting oil

Question 20

Most of India's labor force are part of what is called the

A)business sector.
B)outsourcing industry.
C)informal or unorganized economy.
D)government.

Question 21

The term ________ was first used in the early 19th century in response to the excessive poverty and inequality that accompanied the Industrial Revolution.

A)socialism
B)capitalism
C)domestication
D)democracy

Question 22

_____________ is a cornerstone of the socialist economic system.

A)Private property
B)Self-interest
C)Public ownership
D)Profit

Question 23

The government of India maintains tight control over the economy, including more than 500 major companies it owns. This feature fits which one the following economic structures?

A)market-oriented
B)capitalist
C)socialist
D)theocracy

Question 24

The United States outsources manufacturing jobs to India, but India outsources work to countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and even lower-wage cities and towns in the United States. In this instance, India would be classified as a ______________ economy.

A)core
B)peripheral
C)semiperipheral
D)industrial

Question 25

____________________ economies include the wealthiest, most highly diversified economies with strong, stable governments.

A)Core
B)Peripheral
C)Semiperipheral
D)Industrial

Question 26

Coffee accounts for at least 50 percent of the revenue that Uganda and Burundi earn from their exports. This reliance on one commodity explains why they are classified as _________ economies.

A)core
B)peripheral
C)semiperipheral
D)middle-income

Question 27

The secondary sector of the economy includes economic activities

A)that generate or extract raw materials from the natural environment.
B)that transform raw materials into manufactured goods.
C)related to delivering services.
D)related to the creation and distribution of information.

Question 28

"A strong tertiary sector" of the economy means that economic activity related to____________ is very important.

A)extracting raw materials
B)drilling for oil
C)transforming raw materials into manufactured goods
D)delivering services

Question 29

The tertiary sector of the economy includes economic activities

A)that generate or extract raw materials from the natural environment.
B)that transform raw materials into manufactured goods.
C)related to delivering services.
D)related to the creation and distribution of information.

Question 30

______ maintain that banks, credit lending institutions, modes of transportation, and the media should be state-owned.

A)Capitalists
B)Socialists
C)Economists
D)Theologians

Question 31

____________________ economies are center around a few commodities, or even a single commodity.

A)Core
B)Peripheral
C)Semiperipheral
D)Industrial

Question 32

The term 'welfare state' refers to

A)a state in which more than 50% of its population relies on government assistance.
B)an economic system in which the population relies solely on the government.
C)a socialist economic system.
D)an economic system that is a hybrid of capitalism and socialism.

Question 33

Which sector accounts for the greatest percentage of India's GDP?

A)agricultural
B)manufacturing
C)service
D)tertiary

Question 34

According to world-system theorists, capitalism has come to dominate the world economy because

A)under this system, governments control economic activities.
B)it is the only economic system in the world.
C)of the ways in which capitalists respond to economic stagnation.
D)national interests take precedence over corporate interests.

Question 35

India follows a ___________ model that strives to balance the "economics of growth with the economics of equity." An example is government forgiveness of loans for the poorest farmers.

A)welfare state
B)capitalist
C)socialist
D)theocracy

Question 36

In a 1968 speech, Robert Kennedy criticized _____________ because "it counts air pollution and cigarette advertising and ambulances to clear our highways of carnage. It counts special locks for our doors and the jails for the people who break them. It counts the destruction of the redwoods and the loss of our natural wonder in chaotic sprawl. It counts napalm and it counts nuclear warheads, and armored cars for the police to fight riots in our cities."

A)the U.S. government
B)GDP as a measure of overall well-being
C)the United Nations
D)the happiness index

Question 37

"When consumer demand for an item increases, prices rise." This principle applies to

A)socialist forms of economic activity.
B)the laws of supply and demand.
C)mechanization.
D)the division of labor.

Question 38

Chris works as a customer service representative. Her job is in the ___________ sector of the economy.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)peripheral

Question 39

________ is an essential characteristic of socialist systems.

A)Public ownership of the means of production
B)Private ownership of the means of production
C)The law of supply and demand
D)A consumer-driven economy

Question 40

Which sector of the economy contributes the most to the GDP of the United States?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)manufacturing

Question 41

Sir Winston Churchill once said that ______________ "is the worst form of government except for all others that we have tried."

A)communism
B)authoritarianism
C)democracy
D)totalitarianism

Question 42

As a result of the economic crisis in the United States, the occupational category most affected by job loss as measured by percentage of workers unemployed was

A)construction.
B)information technology.
C)finance.
D)health care.

Question 43

Leaders who, by virtue of their special qualities, have the ability to unleash revolutionary changes possess _______ authority.

A)traditional
B)charismatic
C)legal-rational
D)political

Question 44

Totalitarianism is a system of government characterized by

A)multiple political parties vying for power.
B)tolerance for dissent.
C)an unchallenged official ideology.
D)independent media.

Question 45

Attraction and devotion to a leader cannot sustain a community indefinitely if only because the object of these emotions is mortal. This statement applies to _______________ authority.

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)legal-rational
D)democratic

Question 46

Authoritarian governments are defined by which one of the following characteristics?

A)an unchallenged official ideology
B)a vision of the perfect society
C)some outside power plays a role in bringing the leader to power
D)citizens have the right to vote

Question 47

Which one of the following persons held/holds power grounded on traditional authority?

A)Richard Nixon
B)Queen Elizabeth II
C)Martin Luther King, Jr.
D)Al Gore

Question 48

_________________ leaders often emerge during times of profound crisis.

A)Traditional
B)Charismatic
C)Legal-rational
D)Socialistic

Question 49

When people believe that power differences are legitimate, those with power possess

A)rationalization.
B)authority.
C)status.
D)political clout.

Question 50

A "chief," "king," or "queen" possesses power based on which form of authority?

A)traditional
B)charismatic
C)legal-rational
D)socialistic

Question 51

China under Mao Zedong, a leader who rallied his people to overthrow capitalist and foreign influence, can be classified as a(n)________________ government.

A)democratic
B)authoritarian
C)totalitarian
D)representative

Question 52

________ is the probability that an individual can achieve his or her will even against another individual's opposition.

A)A life chance
B)Politics
C)Rationalization
D)Power

Question 53

__________ regulate the use of and access to power.

A)Economic institutions
B)Political systems
C)Educational institutions
D)Reigions

Question 54

________________ means "rule of the deity."

A)Theocracy
B)Democracy
C)Fundamentalism
D)Authoritarianism

Question 55

Which one of the following factors helps to explain the drop in union membership in the U.S.?

A)increased significance of the manufacturing sector to overall economy
B)increased percentage of females in the workforce who hold jobs not traditionally unionized
C)decreased global competition
D)increased number of jobs with a union tradition

Question 56

_________ authority rests on a system of impersonal rules that formally specify the qualifications for occupying a powerful position.

A)Traditional
B)Charismatic
C)Legal-rational
D)Political

Question 57

In the sociological sense of the word, a charismatic leader is

A)a popular person.
B)demanding to the point of insisting that followers make extraordinary sacrifices.
C)an attractive, likable person.
D)someone who is continually in our thoughts.

Question 58

_____ is without a doubt the most famous leader from India and is considered that country's founding father.

A)Pratibha Patil
B)Dinesh Keskar
C)Mother Teresa
D)Mahatma Gandhi

Question 59

No matter the form of government or the scope of its jurisdiction, all make ______ that mandate people to behave in specified ways or to refrain from behaving in some specified way.

A)opportunities
B)laws
C)tax codes
D)products

Question 60

Gandhi is an important figure who led a largely nonviolent struggle against British rule over India. Gandhi's accomplishment was "an extraordinary feat of personal magnetism," in which he inspired the participation of the illiterate and poor. Gandhi's authority qualifies as

A)traditional.
B)legal rational.
C)political.
D)charismatic.

Question 61

The widespread existence of donation boxes for clothes is a sign of

A)civilized society.
B)post-industrial society.
C)surplus wealth.
D)advanced technology.

Question 62

A group of countries under the direct control of a foreign power or government such that the dominant power shapes political, economic, and cultural development form a(n)

A)monopoly.
B)conglomerate.
C)PAC.
D)empire.

Question 63

The economy characteristics of __________ societies is defined by applied knowledge and manipulation of numbers, words, images and other symbols.

A)hunting and gathering
B)agrarian
C)post-industrial
D)industrial

Question 64

Electronics, digitalization, miniaturization and software applications are technologies that define __________ societies.

A)hunting and gathering
B)agrarian
C)post-industrial
D)industrial

Question 65

Infosys is a transnational corporation headquartered in

A)the United States.
B)Japan.
C)India.
D)Mexico.

Question 66

The Vatican under the Pope, Afghanistan under the Taliban, and Iran under Supreme Ayatollah Ali Hoseni-Khamenei are all examples of _____________ forms of government.

A)totalitarian
B)democratic
C)authoritarian
D)theocratic

Question 67

Each year the U.S. awards the largest number of new H-1B nonimmigrant visas to workers in specialty from

A)Canada.
B)China.
C)India.
D)Mexico.

Question 68

C. Wright Mills wrote, "The power to make decisions of national and international consequence is now so clearly seated in political, military, and economic institutions that other areas of society seem off to the side." Mills was writing about

A)monopolies.
B)the power elite.
C)a pluralist society.
D)conglomerates.

Question 69

____________ is the hallmark of pastoral and horticultural societies.

A)Mechanization
B)Computer
C)Domestication
D)The plow

Question 70

The ______ model views politics as an arena of compromises, alliances, and negotiations among many competing special interest groups.

A)power elite
B)pluralist
C)socialist
D)capitalist

Question 71

90 percent of home mortgage loans in the U.S. flow through two government-created corporations known as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, all of which are backed by the federal government. This arrangement violates a principle of capitalism. That principle is

A)government regulated economy.
B)public ownership.
C)freedom from government interference.
D)profit driven.

Question 72

__________ societies with its communication structure put interpersonal relationships at the forefront of thought and action.

A)Agrarian
B)Industrial
C)Post-industrial
D)Hunting and gathering

Question 73

Information overload is a characteristic of __________ societies.

A)agrarian
B)industrial
C)post-industrial
D)capitalist

Question 74

The __________ model suggests that a relatively small number of people make decisions that have consequences affecting millions of people worldwide.

A)democratic
B)power elite
C)pluralist
D)socialist

Question 75

________________ is a form of government in which political authority is in the hands of religious leaders or a theologically trained elite.

A)Theocracy
B)Democracy
C)Totalitarianism
D)Authoritarianism

Question 76

_____________ societies view land and natural resources as communal resources to be shared.

A)Post-industrial
B)Agrarian
C)Hunting and gathering
D)Industrial

Question 77

A refrigerator is a symbol of

A)civilization.
B)post-industrial society.
C)surplus wealth.
D)advanced technology.

Question 78

________________ are groups who participate in armed rebellion against some established authority, government, or administration with the hope that those in power will retreat or pull out.

A)Imperialists
B)Terrorists
C)Insurgents
D)Hegemonists

Question 79

Which one of the following is a reason India became positioned as the global center of IT professional?

A)India has the largest labor force in the world.
B)India is the largest democracy in the world.
C)The government of India invested in five elite engineering universities in the 1970s.
D)U.S. immigration policies deterred workers from coming to the U.S.

Question 80

A(n)________________ power believes that military strength, and the willingness to use it, is the source of national and even global security

A)pluralist
B)militaristic
C)hegemonic
D)imperialistic