Deck 20: Vitamins and Your Health

Question 1

Tolerable Upper Levels of Intake are assigned to vitamins to indicate levels of vitamin intake from foods, fortified foods, and supplements that should not be exceeded.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Forms of vitamin A are used in the treatment of acne and skin wrinkles due to overexposure to the sun.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Coenzyme Q10 is an essential vitamin.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Milk contains a substantial amount of vitamin E.

Question 5

Vitamins K, B12, and B6 function as antioxidants.

Question 6

People with vitamin K deficiency bruise easily.

Question 7

Orange juice is naturally rich in vitamin D.

Question 8

Free radicals are produced during energy production, by breathing, and by the immune system to help destroy bacteria and viruses that enter the body.

Question 9

Most vitamins serve as components of body tissues such as bone and muscle.

Question 10

Sweet potatoes are a good source of beta-carotene.

Question 11

Consumption of foods rich in beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E has the same protective effects as intake of these antioxidant vitamins in supplements.

Question 12

Niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and choline are all B-complex vitamins.

Question 13

Cooking and softening vegetables such as tomatoes and carrots decreases the availability of beta-carotene and several beneficial phytochemicals.

Question 14

Vitamin C is best known as the sunshine vitamin.

Question 15

Vitamin E is a water-soluble vitamin.

Question 16

Deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins generally take longer to develop than deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins when intake from food is too low.

Question 17

The prevalence of neural tube defects has been reduced substantially because of the addition of folic acid to grain products.

Question 18

Red peppers and guava are excellent sources of vitamin C.

Question 19

Fourteen vitamins have been discovered so far.

Question 20

Beta-carotene prevents or repairs damage to components of cells caused by exposure to free radicals.

Question 21

What is a major consequence of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency?

A) kidney stones
B) bruising
C) neurological disorders
D) osteoporosis
E) fatty liver disease

Question 22

Lecithin is considered a nonvitamin.

Question 23

What is a precursor of vitamin A?

A) cholesterol
B) thiamin
C) ascorbic acid
D) beta-carotene
E) tocopherol

Question 24

The need for vitamin C increases among smokers.

Question 25

Which vitamin plays a key role as a hormone in combating chronic inflammation and helps build strong bones?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin C
D) thiamin
E) biotin

Question 26

Identify a consequence of vitamin B₁₂ overdose.

A) increased risk of kidney stones
B) fishy body odor
C) nausea, cramps, and diarrhea
D) low blood pressure
E) a temporary feeling of heightened energy

Question 27

The primary food sources of vitamin C are _____.

A) meat and poultry
B) milk and cheese
C) dried beans and eggs
D) fruits and vegetables
E) fish and seafood

Question 28

What is a primary function of choline?

A) It acts as an antioxidant.
B) It aids in red blood cell development.
C) It serves as a structural and signaling component of cell membranes.
D) It enhances iron absorption.
E) It participates in the regulation of gene expression.

Question 29

Identify a nonvitamin.

A) riboflavin
B) pyridoxine
C) folacin
D) alpha-tocopherol
E) pangamic acid

Question 30

What is a consequence of vitamin A deficiency?

A) megaloblastic anemia
B) xerophthalmia
C) pellagra
D) lung damage
E) hearing loss

Question 31

Which vitamin is unique in that the body can build up stores that last for a year or more after intake of the vitamin stops and there are no known consequences of overdose ?

A) niacin
B) vitamin B₆
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin B₁₂
E) vitamin A

Question 32

The RDA for vitamin A for adults could easily be met by consuming a 3-ounce serving of clams.

Question 33

Which vitamin is required for reactions that build and maintain collagen?

A) vitamin D
B) pantothenic acid
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin C
E) vitamin A

Question 34

Identify a fat-soluble vitamin.

A) folic acid
B) biotin
C) retinol
D) ascorbic acid
E) hiamin

Question 35

Vitamin K is produced _____.

A) in the liver from cholesterol
B) by bacteria in the gut
C) in the skin from exposure to direct sunlight
D) by the skeletal system
E) during energy formation

Question 36

With vitamin A deficiency, collagen becomes weak.

Question 37

Adequate consumption of _____ before and early in pregnancy significantly reduces the incidence of neural tube defects.

A) folic acid
B) vitamin A
C) thiamin
D) vitamin C
E) vitamin E

Question 38

Vitamin C is unique in that the body can build up stores that last for a year or more after the intake of the vitamin stops.

Question 39

Which foods are high in beta-carotene?

A) spinach, kale, and carrots
B) brown rice, chicken, and pork
C) milk and yogurt
D) shrimp and fish
E) peanut butter, almonds, and pine nuts

Question 40

The water-soluble vitamins include _____.

A) vitamins A, D, E, and K
B) vitamins A and C
C) vitamins A and E
D) vitamin D, vitamin K, and the B-complex vitamins
E) vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins

Question 41

Chase and Rhonda are studying for a quiz on vitamins. Over the semester break, Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant, a multivitamin, and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status. Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products) for several months. As they study for their quiz, they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins. Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle, but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements. Help them study for their quiz, and answer their questions about the need for vitamins. Chase does not think it is possible to overdose on vitamins. Which water-soluble vitamin could cause problems such as nausea and cramps if consumed in excess?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) vitamin C
C) biotin
D) pantothenic acid
E) riboflavin

Question 42

Which food is a good source of vitamin E?

A) watermelon
B) sunflower seeds
C) tomatoes
D) pork chops
E) cheese

Question 43

Chase and Rhonda are studying for a quiz on vitamins. Over the semester break, Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant, a multivitamin, and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status. Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products) for several months. As they study for their quiz, they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins. Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle, but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements. Help them study for their quiz, and answer their questions about the need for vitamins. Rhonda wants to find a natural source of vitamin D. Which of the following sources would provide vitamin D and fit into her vegan lifestyle?

A) consuming fish one to two times per week
B) consuming skim milk
C) exposure to direct sunlight for 5 to 10 minutes each day
D) consuming salad dressing
E) consuming peanut butter

Question 44

Which food has the highest vitamin A content?

A) strawberries
B) liver
C) peanut
D) American cheese
E) egg

Question 45

Vitamin K plays an important role in _____.

A) aiding vision in dim light
B) the mechanism of blood clotting
C) the normal functioning of the nervous system
D) cell division and tissue repair
E) the manufacture of collagen

Question 46

Antioxidants _____.

A) provide energy
B) increase the rate at which reactions take place in the body
C) can damage DNA
D) can be formed from alcohol
E) donate electrons to stabilize oxidized molecules

Question 47

Which B-complex vitamin is needed for reactions that convert glucose into energy?

A) thiamin
B) riboflavin
C) niacin
D) folate
E) choline

Question 48

Which B-complex vitamin may protect against colon cancer in the early stages of development?

A) vitamin B₅
B) folate
C) niacin
D) pyridoxine
E) thiamin

Question 49

What is a primary function of riboflavin?

A) It promotes the normal functioning of red blood cells.
B) It is needed for the manufacture of collagen.
C) It helps the body capture and use the energy released from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
D) It acts as an antioxidant.
E) It transports and metabolizes fat and cholesterol.

Question 50

Which food is a good source of folate?

A) tuna
B) beef
C) dried beans
D) cottage cheese
E) bananas

Question 51

Milk comes in opaque containers because the _____ present in it is destroyed by exposure to light.

A) riboflavin
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin B₄
E) pyridoxine

Question 52

High doses of _____ raise HDL cholesterol levels and lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.

A) thiamine
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) niacin
D) choline
E) biotin

Question 53

A consequence of vitamin C deficiency is _____.

A) kidney stones
B) dermatitis
C) beriberi
D) scurvy
E) hypertension

Question 54

What is the RDA for adult men and women for folate?

A) 100 mcg
B) 200 mcg
C) 300 mcg
D) 400 mcg
E) 500 mcg

Question 55

Regularly consuming _____ would help increase vitamin D intake.

A) peanuts
B) asparagus
C) olive oil
D) strawberries
E) salmon

Question 56

The AI for adult men and women for vitamin B₁₂ is 2.4 mcg. A serving of which food will most likely meet the AI for vitamin B₁₂?

A) yogurt (1 cup)
B) rice (½ cup)
C) skim milk (1 cup)
D) cottage cheese (½ cup)
E) liver (3 oz)

Question 57

The suggested intake for beta-carotene is _____ mg.

A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
E) 10

Question 58

Studies indicate that adequate _____ status helps prevent and decreases the severity of measles and other infectious diseases.

A) vitamin B₆
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin C
E) vitamin K

Question 59

The recommended intake of vitamin D was recently increased to _____ mcg daily for adults.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25
E) 30

Question 60

Pellagra is a consequence of _____ deficiency.

A) niacin
B) vitamin B₆
C) vitamin C
D) biotin
E) choline

Question 61

Chase and Rhonda are studying for a quiz on vitamins. Over the semester break, Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant, a multivitamin, and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status. Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products) for several months. As they study for their quiz, they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins. Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle, but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements. Help them study for their quiz, and answer their questions about the need for vitamins. Chase is concerned that Rhonda is not getting some essential vitamins because of her vegan diet. Which vitamin could Rhonda consider supplementing considering the fact that it is only found in animal products and microorganisms?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin B₆

Question 63

Chase and Rhonda are studying for a quiz on vitamins. Over the semester break, Chase started taking several dietary supplements including an antioxidant, a multivitamin, and a B-complex supplement to help improve his energy level and nutrient status. Rhonda has been a vegan (consumes no animal products or by-products) for several months. As they study for their quiz, they explore natural sources of the essential vitamins. Chase believes that Rhonda should be taking a multivitamin supplement because of her vegan lifestyle, but Rhonda believes that Chase is likely overdosing on some of the vitamin supplements. Help them study for their quiz, and answer their questions about the need for vitamins. Which of the following foods will most likely increase Chase's intake of antioxidants so he does not feel the need to take an antioxidant supplement?

A) macaroni, flour tortillas, and avocados
B) turkey, eggs, and garbanzo beans
C) corn, swordfish, and potatoes
D) milk, yogurt , and orange juice
E) broccoli, cantaloupe, and wheat germ