Deck 29: Good Nutrition for Life Pregnancy Breastfeeding and Infancy

Question 1

Pregnant women should not consume raw sprouts because of food safety concerns.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to dietary intake recommendations, pregnant women need approximately 15% more calories than do nonpregnant women.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A baby in the womb before the eighth week of pregnancy is referred to as a fetus.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

If nutrients are not available during a critical period of growth and development, the developing tissue or organ will contain fewer cells than normal, will form abnormally, or will function less than optimally.

Question 5

Over 96% of women are biologically capable of breastfeeding, and the vast majority of infants thrive on breastmilk.

Question 6

Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency that is seen in pregnant women across the United States.

Question 7

Soft, solid foods should be added to an infant's diet of breastmilk or infant formula at around 3 months.

Question 8

The routine use of a multiple vitamin and mineral supplement during pregnancy is recommended.

Question 9

All of the additional calories required during breastfeeding must come from the mother's diet.

Question 10

Generally, women lose 25 pounds within the first week after delivery and are not likely to lose any more weight thereafter.

Question 11

Supplements are recommended for breastfeeding women to help replenish any nutrients lost during pregnancy and enhance the nutrient quality of their milk.

Question 12

Impairment in mental development is less severe when malnutrition occurs only during pregnancy or only during infancy than if it occurs throughout both pregnancy and infancy.

Question 13

Weight-gain recommendations for pregnancy vary depending on the woman's age.

Question 14

Unpasteurized honey can be fed to infants.

Question 15

Infants weighing between 7 pounds 11 ounces and 8 pounds 13 ounces are least likely to die within the first year of life.

Question 16

As a result of medical advances, the United States has one of the lowest infant mortality rates among all the developed countries in the world.

Question 17

Vitamin D is important during pregnancy because it supports fetal growth and the addition of calcium to bone.

Question 18

Pregnant women who regularly consume low-calcium diets lose calcium from their bones during pregnancy.

Question 19

Cleft palate results if excessive amounts of vitamin A are present during the ninth month of gestation.

Question 20

Infants should be fed on a rigid schedule set by the clock rather than when they indicate they are hungry.

Question 21

The RDA for calories is about _____ higher for breastfeeding women than for other women.

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%
E) 30%

Question 22

A cleft palate results from an excessive amount of _____ present in fetal tissues early in the third month of pregnancy.

A) iron
B) vitamin A
C) zinc
D) vitamin C
E) iodine

Question 23

During the first week or two of life, it is very uncommon for infants to lose weight.

Question 24

Linda's BMI is 30 kg/m². How much weight should she gain during her pregnancy?

A) 28-40 pounds
B) 11-20 pounds
C) 15-25 pounds
D) 37-54 pounds
E) 25-35 pounds

Question 25

Pregnant women should consume _____ cups of water each day from fluids and foods.

A) 3-4
B) 5-6
C) 7-8
D) 9-10
E) 11-12

Question 26

Who among the following most likely have poor vitamin D status?

A) vegan women
B) women who smoke
C) women who are underweight
D) women over 35 years of age
E) women suffering from celiac disease

Question 27

Colostrum contains higher levels of _____, antibodies, and minerals than "mature" milk.

A) water
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) vitamins
E) protein

Question 28

The recommended intake of protein during pregnancy is _____ grams.

A) 48
B) 55
C) 63
D) 71
E) 80

Question 29

The second trimester of pregnancy is from 13 to _____ weeks.

A) 32
B) 30
C) 40
D) 26
E) 29

Question 30

The adequate intake set for fiber is _____ g/day for pregnant women.

A) 28
B) 400
C) 45
D) 220
E) 15

Question 31

Jeanette needs about 2,200 calories each day to satisfy her energy needs. Approximately how many calories will she require in the third trimester of her pregnancy?

A) 2,440
B) 2,480
C) 2,540
D) 2,650
E) 2,800

Question 32

_____ is characterized by the protrusion of the brain through the skull.

A) Spina bifida
B) Anencephaly
C) Encephalocele
D) Cleft palate
E) Parkinson's disease

Question 33

It generally takes about _____ for the milk-producing cells to manufacture enough milk for the next feeding.

A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour
C) 2 hours
D) 3 hours
E) 4 hours

Question 34

Infants are born with mechanisms that help regulate how much they eat.

Question 35

Adequate consumption of EPA and DHA is important during pregnancy because they _____.

A) help prevent hypertension
B) play important roles in protein tissue construction
C) are needed for fetal neural development
D) help prevent preterm delivery
E) support the addition of calcium to bone

Question 36

Iodine is needed for _____.

A) prevention of anencephaly
B) fetal bone development
C) hemoglobin production
D) visual development
E) normal thyroid function

Question 37

Fetal growth and development are not compromised when an excess of nutrients is available.

Question 38

Ana's BMI is 21.5. How much weight should she gain during her pregnancy?

A) 11-20 pounds
B) 15-25 pounds
C) 25-35 pounds
D) 28-40 pounds
E) 37-54 pounds

Question 39

Foods such as popcorn, grapes, and hot dog pieces should be avoided by infants because they _____.

A) are potential choking hazards
B) may cause botulism
C) are common sources of food-borne illness
D) promote tooth decay
E) provide empty calories

Question 40

Evidence indicates that breastmilk may confer a degree of protection against the development of _____.

A) galactosemia
B) type 1 diabetes
C) chicken pox
D) measles
E) osteosarcoma

Question 41

Patrice recently discovered that she is pregnant with her first child. She and her husband Seth are excited about their new baby on the way. Patrice is a small-framed woman who, based on her doctor's BMI charts, is categorized as underweight. Patrice is also an elite swimmer and runner. She has been working out for the majority of her adult life. Patrice and Seth are both well aware of the importance of good nutrition and the role it plays in health and quality of life. However, they are both unsure of the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and want to provide the best nutrition possible for the new baby. Answer the following questions to help Patrice and Seth understand the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and infancy.
Which nutrient should Patrice include in her diet to help prevent neural tube defects?

A) vitamin D
B) calcium
C) folate
D) iron
E) vitamin A

Question 42

Beth is considered overweight. How much weight should she gain during pregnancy?

A) 11-20 pounds
B) 15-25 pounds
C) 25-35 pounds
D) 28-40 pounds
E) 37-54 pounds

Question 43

Women can generally obtain 400 mcg of folic acid by consuming _____ daily.

A) one serving of fortified ready-to-eat breakfast cereal and six servings of grain products
B) four servings of milk and two servings of fortified ready-to-eat breakfast cereal
C) three servings of fruit
D) two servings of beef or pork
E) two servings of fortified ready-to-eat breakfast cereal, six servings of grain products, and three servings of vegetables

Question 44

Patrice recently discovered that she is pregnant with her first child. She and her husband Seth are excited about their new baby on the way. Patrice is a small-framed woman who, based on her doctor's BMI charts, is categorized as underweight. Patrice is also an elite swimmer and runner. She has been working out for the majority of her adult life. Patrice and Seth are both well aware of the importance of good nutrition and the role it plays in health and quality of life. However, they are both unsure of the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and want to provide the best nutrition possible for the new baby. Answer the following questions to help Patrice and Seth understand the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and infancy.
Once their baby is born, Patrice would like to breastfeed their baby. What are the dietary recommendations?

A) exclusive breastfeeding for the first 3 months of life and then switch to formula
B) exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life
C) breastfeeding and formula feeding for the first 6 months of life
D) exclusive formula feeding for the first 3 to 6 months of life
E) exclusive breastfeeding through the first year of life

Question 45

Folate is required for _____.

A) hemoglobin production
B) the addition of calcium to bone
C) protein tissue construction
D) normal thyroid functioning
E) the mineralization of the bone

Question 46

_____ requirements increase during pregnancy because of increases in hemoglobin production.

A) Vitamin A
B) Calcium
C) Vitamin D
D) Iron
E) Iodine

Question 47

By 9 months of age, infants are ready for mashed foods and foods such as _____.

A) sweetened fruit drinks
B) fresh fruit
C) nuts
D) raw vegetables
E) yogurt

Question 48

Patrice recently discovered that she is pregnant with her first child. She and her husband Seth are excited about their new baby on the way. Patrice is a small-framed woman who, based on her doctor's BMI charts, is categorized as underweight. Patrice is also an elite swimmer and runner. She has been working out for the majority of her adult life. Patrice and Seth are both well aware of the importance of good nutrition and the role it plays in health and quality of life. However, they are both unsure of the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and want to provide the best nutrition possible for the new baby. Answer the following questions to help Patrice and Seth understand the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and infancy.
Patrice and Seth want to know if there are any particular nutrients that will help maximize their babies' cognitive development. Which nutrients may influence the cognitive development of the infant if consumed during pregnancy?

A) EPA and DHA
B) calcium and potassium
C) vitamins B ₆ and B ₁₂
D) vitamins D and A
E) vitamins C and E

Question 49

In humans, the critical period for _____ cell multiplication begins during pregnancy and ends after the first year of life.

A) spinal cord
B) heart
C) liver
D) bone
E) brain

Question 50

Patrice recently discovered that she is pregnant with her first child. She and her husband Seth are excited about their new baby on the way. Patrice is a small-framed woman who, based on her doctor's BMI charts, is categorized as underweight. Patrice is also an elite swimmer and runner. She has been working out for the majority of her adult life. Patrice and Seth are both well aware of the importance of good nutrition and the role it plays in health and quality of life. However, they are both unsure of the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and want to provide the best nutrition possible for the new baby. Answer the following questions to help Patrice and Seth understand the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and infancy.
How much weight should Patrice gain during her pregnancy?

A) 11-20 pounds
B) 15-25 pounds
C) 25-35 pounds
D) 28-40 pounds
E) 37-54 pounds

Question 51

Patrice recently discovered that she is pregnant with her first child. She and her husband Seth are excited about their new baby on the way. Patrice is a small-framed woman who, based on her doctor's BMI charts, is categorized as underweight. Patrice is also an elite swimmer and runner. She has been working out for the majority of her adult life. Patrice and Seth are both well aware of the importance of good nutrition and the role it plays in health and quality of life. However, they are both unsure of the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and want to provide the best nutrition possible for the new baby. Answer the following questions to help Patrice and Seth understand the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and infancy.
What are the physical activity recommendations for Patrice during pregnancy?

A) 30 minutes of low-intensity physical activity every day
B) 15 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week
C) 15 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity two days a week and 15 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity all the other days
D) 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week
E) 60 minutes of low- to moderate-intensity physical activity every day

Question 52

Patrice recently discovered that she is pregnant with her first child. She and her husband Seth are excited about their new baby on the way. Patrice is a small-framed woman who, based on her doctor's BMI charts, is categorized as underweight. Patrice is also an elite swimmer and runner. She has been working out for the majority of her adult life. Patrice and Seth are both well aware of the importance of good nutrition and the role it plays in health and quality of life. However, they are both unsure of the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and want to provide the best nutrition possible for the new baby. Answer the following questions to help Patrice and Seth understand the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and infancy.
Patrice and Seth both follow a very healthy eating plan. Regardless of their good nutritional status, what specific nutrient might Patrice need to supplement early in her pregnancy?

A) zinc
B) EPA
C) iodine
D) vitamin A
E) iron

Question 53

Patrice recently discovered that she is pregnant with her first child. She and her husband Seth are excited about their new baby on the way. Patrice is a small-framed woman who, based on her doctor's BMI charts, is categorized as underweight. Patrice is also an elite swimmer and runner. She has been working out for the majority of her adult life. Patrice and Seth are both well aware of the importance of good nutrition and the role it plays in health and quality of life. However, they are both unsure of the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and want to provide the best nutrition possible for the new baby. Answer the following questions to help Patrice and Seth understand the nutrition recommendations for pregnancy and infancy.
Patrice enjoys having two cups of coffee in the morning with breakfast. According to recent research, which of the following options does she have regarding her coffee consumption during pregnancy?

A) eliminate coffee and caffeine from her diet
B) continue to enjoy her coffee at her current level of intake
C) cut her coffee consumption in half
D) only drink decaffeinated coffee
E) switch to tea

Question 54

Which of the following nutrients should be supplemented during infancy?

A) calcium and vitamin A
B) folate and zinc
C) thiamin and vitamin B ₁₂
D) vitamin D and fluoride
E) vitamin C and potassium

Question 55

Which of the following is a good source of EPA and DHA during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

A) legumes
B) salmon
C) swordfish
D) tea
E) supplements

Question 56

Breastfeeding women should consume a minimum of _____ calories per day for milk production.

A) 1,500
B) 2,000
C) 2,500
D) 3,000
E) 3,500

Question 57

On average, women need an additional _____ calories a day in the second trimester.

A) 340
B) 410
C) 570
D) 630
E) 750

Question 59

During pregnancy, it is recommended that women consume _____ mcg of folate.

A) 200
B) 400
C) 600
D) 800
E) 1,000

Question 60

During pregnancy, deli meats and hot dogs should be heated to the point of steaming to kill _____ bacteria that may be present.

A) Listeria
B) E. coli
C) Salmonella
D) Campylobacter
E) C. perfringens

Question 61

Discuss six tips for teaching infants the right lessons about food and eating.