Deck 33: Aspects of Global Nutrition

Question 1

As human development advances, the age of the population generally increases.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Today, the United Nations classifies countries as industrialized, developing, and least developed based on economic factors only.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Malnutrition in the form of undernutrition that occurs before a child's brain has completely grown has lasting effects on development.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

M alnutrition weakens the immune system and increases the likelihood and severity of infection.

Question 5

Countries undergoing the nutrition transition often experience rising rates of obesity on top of existing high rates of underweight and undernutrition.

Question 6

People who are well nourished, grow normally, and are free from infectious disease are more likely to be productive members of society.

Question 7

In some societies, women and female children are at particular risk for malnutrition because cultural practices call for food to be allocated to men and boys first.

Question 8

Children who are deficient in vitamin C are more likely to die from a measles infection than are children whose vitamin C status is sufficient.

Question 9

The devastating psychological effects of starvation may follow children into adulthood and have a lasting effect on behavior throughout life.

Question 10

Breastmilk protects infants from a variety of infectious diseases.

Question 11

Countries that have a medium human development score have a life expectancy of 80.2 years.

Question 12

Food supplements given to groups of infants in certain countries such as Russia were associated with higher IQ scores at age 8.

Question 13

In populations undergoing the nutrition transition, rates of underweight decline but rates of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer increase.

Question 14

Iodization of salt has eliminated iodine deficiency in Ecuador.

Question 15

Approximately 60% of people worldwide have access to safe water supplies.

Question 16

The world's agricultural systems do not have the capacity to produce enough food to feed everyone on earth.

Question 17

Children born to poorly nourished women in countries with low levels of human development may be biologically programmed in the womb to conserve energy.

Question 18

Most cases of mass famine are primarily due to the ravages of nature.

Question 19

Rates of undernutrition, short stature, and infectious disease are decreasing worldwide.

Question 20

On average, individuals who live in countries that have high human development scores have a short life expectancy.

Question 21

A change in a population's diet from traditional foods such as grains, roots, beans, and rice to calorie-dense foods high in sugar, fat, sodium, and other components that characterize Western diets is referred to as _____.

A) health evolution
B) Western transition
C) nutrition transition
D) health advancement
E) food progression

Question 22

On an average, individuals in countries with high human development scores live for over _____ years.

A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70
E) 65

Question 23

When the percentage of low birthweight newborns is high in a country, undernutrition is generally common.

Question 24

Which of the following factors is a key indicator of the general state of the health of a population?

A) rates of breastfeeding
B) IQ scores in children
C) iron status of pregnant women
D) fruit and vegetable intake
E) rates of alcohol abuse

Question 25

Poor and corrupt governance is one of the root causes of malnutrition in developing countries.

Question 26

The cause of kwashiorkor is unclear.

Question 27

What percentage of infants are born with low birthweights worldwide?

A) 13%
B) 17%
C) 21%
D) 25%
E) 29%

Question 28

Children born to poorly nourished women in countries with low levels of human development may be biologically programmed in the womb to conserve _____.

A) glycogen
B) calcium
C) energy
D) sodium
E) water

Question 29

Education is a factor in the human development index.

Question 30

Ethiopia is among the bottom 20 countries based on the level of human development.

Question 31

The excess accumulation of fat places children at an increased risk for diabetes later in life.

Question 32

HIV infection progresses very slowly into AIDS in malnourished individuals.

Question 33

Only small differences exist in standards of living and health status among people in the world's countries.

Question 34

Children with severe malnutrition are at high risk of dying from _____.

A) diabetes
B) infectious diseases
C) scurvy
D) xerophthalmia
E) cancer

Question 35

Approximately half of young children and pregnant women in the world are calcium deficient.

Question 36

On an average, individuals in countries with low human development scores have a life expectancy of approximately _____ years.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 60
E) 70

Question 37

Children suffering from marasmus may appear fat because of massive swelling.

Question 38

Most deaths of children under the age of five in countries with low levels of human development are related to the collapse of the government.

Question 39

Young children with _____ appear to be genetically susceptible to developing faulty protein utilization mechanisms when chronically exposed to protein and calorie shortages.

A) marasmus
B) kwashiorkor
C) iron deficiency
D) vitamin A deficiency
E) iodine deficiency

Question 40

The United States has the highest human development score worldwide.

Question 41

Which of the following factors contributes to the spread of infectious diseases that further promote the development of malnutrition?

A) alcohol abuse
B) insufficient physical activity
C) low agricultural productivity
D) impact of climate change on cropland
E) contaminated water supply

Question 42

Which factor promotes the development of infectious disease, especially in countries where contaminated water is used to prepare formula?

A) poor sanitary conditions
B) drought
C) low rates of breastfeeding
D) lack of refrigeration
E) low agricultural productivity

Question 43

In populations undergoing the nutrition transition, the rate of _____ increases.

A) undernutrition
B) tuberculosis
C) infants born with low birthweights
D) iron deficiency in pregnant women
E) cancer

Question 44

The state of hunger and starvation in older children and adults can lead them to become _____ and to lose any sense of well-being.

A) self-centered
B) empathetic
C) anxious
D) depressed
E) altruistic

Question 45

Which of the following is a priority problem area related to malnutrition in developing countries?

A) insufficient physical activity
B) heart disease
C) drug abuse
D) vitamin B ₆ deficiency
E) carbohydrate deficiency

Question 46

Most deaths of children under the age of five in countries with low levels of human development are related to _____.

A) hypertension
B) alcohol abuse
C) vitamin toxicity
D) obesity and genetic disorders
E) malnutrition and infection

Question 47

Approximately half of pregnant women and young children in the world are _____ deficient.

A) potassium
B) thiamin
C) folate
D) iron
E) vitamin C

Question 48

What is the education level (in years) of individuals living countries with very high human development ranking?

A) 15.5
B) 4.2
C) 5.5
D) 8.1
E) 11.7

Question 49

Children who are deficient in vitamin _____ are more likely to die from a measles infection than are children whose status is sufficient.

A) C
B) A
C) E
D) D
E) K

Question 50

The cause of _____ is unclear.

A) kwashiorkor
B) pellagra
C) beriberi
D) marasmus
E) PKU

Question 51

In victims of _____, the body uses its own muscle and other tissues as an energy source.

A) marasmus
B) rickets
C) pellagra
D) kwashiorkor
E) anemia

Question 52

Which condition is characterized by swelling, fatty liver, susceptibility to infection, profound apathy, and poor appetite?

A) osteopenia
B) beriberi
C) hemochromatosis
D) kwashiorkor
E) marasmus

Question 53

_____ is among the top 20 countries based on the level of human development.

A) Afghanistan
B) Mali
C) Ireland
D) Haiti
E) Niger

Question 54

Deficiencies of iodine, zinc, and _____ are common in some developing countries.

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin B ₁₂
C) sodium
D) niacin
E) vitamin E

Question 55

Generally, as human development advances, the _____.

A) age of the population decreases
B) birth rate increases
C) life expectancy decreases
D) focus changes to health care
E) chronic diseases decrease

Question 56

Vitamin A deficiency is related to _____.

A) kwashiorkor
B) marasmus
C) scurvy
D) osteoporosis
E) blindness

Question 57

Undernutrition is an ongoing problem for up to _____% of children under the age of five in regions of the world with low levels of human development.

A) 12
B) 24
C) 35
D) 45
E) 53

Question 58

In regions of the world with low levels of human development, _____ affects an average of 24% of the population.

A) obesity
B) short stature
C) rickets
D) blindness
E) iron deficiency

Question 59

Which condition is also referred to as protein-energy malnutrition?

A) hypervitaminosis A
B) marasmus
C) pernicious anemia
D) kwashiorkor
E) sitosterolemia

Question 60

Worldwide, _____% of people have access to safe water supplies.

A) 15
B) 22
C) 36
D) 47
E) 55

Question 61

Discuss the priority problem areas related to malnutrition in developing countries.

Question 62

As an extra credit assignment, Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition. For the project, students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns, prevalence of underweight children, rates of breastfeeding, and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country. The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings, along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country. Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
Students reported that over _____ million people in the world are infected with HIV.

A) 5
B) 12
C) 21
D) 30
E) 38

Question 63

List the root causes of malnutrition in developing countries.

Question 64

Women and female children are at particular risk for malnutrition in some societies because of _____.

A) poverty
B) low agricultural productivity
C) lack of access to safe water
D) cultural practices that call for food to be allocated to men and boys first
E) lack of access to protein sources

Question 65

As an extra credit assignment, Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition. For the project, students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns, prevalence of underweight children, rates of breastfeeding, and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country. The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings, along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country. Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
Most of Professor Thompson's students find that people become malnourished or starve for a number of reasons. Which of these are particularly prevalent?

A) poverty only
B) racism only
C) food-borne illnesses only
D) poverty and racism
E) poverty and food-borne illnesses

Question 66

As an extra credit assignment, Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition. For the project, students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns, prevalence of underweight children, rates of breastfeeding, and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country. The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings, along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country. Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
Several students in Professor Thompson's class also discover that as countries undergo nutritional transition, the rate of _____ increases.

A) HIV/AIDS
B) iron deficiency
C) infectious diseases
D) obesity
E) iodine deficiency

Question 67

As an extra credit assignment, Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition. For the project, students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns, prevalence of underweight children, rates of breastfeeding, and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country. The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings, along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country. Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
One key strategy that students identify to reduce deaths related to malnutrition in infants and young children is to increase rates of _____.

A) vitamin A supplements given to infants
B) iron-fortified formula given to infants
C) breastfeeding
D) food supplements given to infants
E) fortified grain intake

Question 68

The famine in Somalia that led to the death of over 1.5 million people was due to _____.

A) the collapse of the government
B) poverty
C) a natural disaster
D) low agricultural productivity
E) inequitable distribution of food

Question 69

As an extra credit assignment, Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition. For the project, students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns, prevalence of underweight children, rates of breastfeeding, and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country. The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings, along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country. Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
Most of Professor Thompson's students find that even in many developing countries, women suffer from malnutrition. Which of the following factors places women at high risk of developing malnutrition and having a low quality of life?

A) limiting the intake of red and processed meats
B) sanctions against the use of birth control
C) excessive use of vitamin supplements
D) genetic predisposition
E) following a ketogenic diet or a DASH diet

Question 70

Which of the following is a result of persistent malnutrition?

A) It leads to excessive fat accumulation in the lower parts of the body.
B) It leads to the development of various disorders caused by vitamin toxicities.
C) It saps the physical and mental energy of people and compromises the economic and social progress of nations.
D) It causes heartburn and increases alcohol dependency in young adults.
E) It forces parents to have more children who require less medical care.