Deck 31: Nutrition and Health Maintenance for Adults of All Ages

Question 1

Life expectancy of females generally exceeds that of males.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Diseases related to poor dietary patterns are most likely to express themselves during the adult years.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Medications, such as antibiotics, and diseases affect the sense of taste and smell in some middle-aged and older adults.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The causes of chronic diseases are all related to normal aging processes.

Question 5

Today, less than 1 newborn in 100 die in the first year of life.

Question 6

Correcting obesity and stabilizing weight during the adult years tends to lengthen life expectancy.

Question 7

There are more older adults in the United States than ever before, and the numbers are growing.

Question 8

Caucasian men generally have the longest life expectancy compared with other population groups.

Question 9

Dietary intake patterns that correspond to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are related to longer life expectancy.

Question 10

Before World War II, most of the gains in life expectancy in the United States were due to public health advances.

Question 11

Life expectancy of individuals from families that are not long-lived can be extended most by diets and lifestyles that promote the maintenance of health.

Question 12

Regular physical activity increases oxygen delivery to organs and tissues.

Question 13

Studies have shown that adults who follow low-calorie diets have increased life expectancies.

Question 14

Although the incidence of many diseases increases with age, the causes of the diseases can be unrelated to normal aging processes.

Question 15

The proportion of people in the United States aged 65 years and older is steadily decreasing.

Question 16

People can determine exactly how long they are going to live by looking at how long their grandparents lived.

Question 17

Taste declines as people age to the extent that it makes eating less pleasurable than before.

Question 18

Since 1900, life expectancy at birth has increased by over 60 years.

Question 19

Genetic characteristics do not appear to influence longevity.

Question 20

Decreased stomach acidity reduces the absorption of vitamin C.

Question 21

Isolation and loneliness do not appear to contribute to poor diets in older adults.

Question 22

Optimism and an active social life appear to enhance well-being and longevity.

Question 23

The RDA for vitamin C increases as we age.

Question 24

Alzheimer's disease and cancer can affect the senses of taste and smell.

Question 25

Among adults and the elderly in the United States, average dietary intake of vitamins A, D, and E are below the recommended intake levels.

Question 26

Individuals who follow low-calorie diets during their adult years _____.

A) usually report suppressed appetite
B) experience a decrease in their libido
C) can lead a sedentary lifestyle
D) tend to feel hot most of the time
E) develop a high sensitivity to bitter tastes

Question 27

Above average intake of vegetables, fruits, and _____ may delay the development or help prevent a number of types of cancer, heart disease, hypertension, and cataracts.

A) whole-grain foods
B) dairy products
C) processed meats
D) seafood
E) sugar-sweetened beverages

Question 28

Adequate intake of _____ and regular physical activity during the adult years may help maintain muscle mass and strength.

A) water
B) potassium
C) fiber
D) protein
E) polyunsaturated fat

Question 29

Taste usually declines more with age than other senses such as hearing.

Question 30

Diet plans generated at ChooseMyPlate.gov are based on age, sex, and weight but do not depend on the physical activity levels.

Question 31

Some species of animals fed low-calorie diets have increased life expectancies.

Question 32

The RDA for _____ is lower for adults over the age of 70 years when compared to adults aged 19-50 years.

A) sodium
B) vitamin B ₆
C) zinc
D) vitamin B ₁₂
E) vitamin E

Question 33

Which group has the highest life expectancy in the United States?

A) Caucasian American men
B) Hispanic American men
C) Hispanic American women
D) Caucasian American women
E) African American women

Question 34

Children of long-lived parents tend to live somewhat longer as a group than children whose parents had shorter life spans. This relationship strengthens as parents live beyond the age of _____.

A) 65
B) 70
C) 75
D) 80
E) 78

Question 35

Adults should engage in _____ minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise or _____ minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week.

A) 35; 50
B) 50; 100
C) 75; 150
D) 90; 200
E) 105; 250

Question 36

The RDA for _____ is higher for adults over the age of 70 years when compared to adults aged 19-50 years.

A) folate
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin A
D) calcium
E) potassium

Question 37

Which group of individuals has the lowest life expectancy in the United States?

A) African American women
B) Hispanic American women
C) Hispanic American men
D) Caucasian American men
E) African American men

Question 38

Diets that consist of foods recommended by ChooseMyPlate are energy dense and high in saturated fat.

Question 39

Reduction in calorie need with age increases the importance of energy-dense diets.

Question 40

The United States ranks _____ in the world in life expectancy.

A) 67th
B) 10th
C) 1st
D) 34th
E) 42nd

Question 41

People over the age of 65 years are more likely to live the longest if they have a BMI range of _____ kg/m ² .

A) 18-20
B) 21-23
C) 23-25
D) 26-29
E) 30-33

Question 42

People who remain physically active in their older years _____ than people who are inactive.

A) absorb calcium better
B) maintain more muscle mass
C) maintain more muscle mass
D) maintain their sense of taste better
E) develop osteoporosis faster

Question 43

Diets that consist of foods recommended by ChooseMyPlate are _____.

A) nutrient dense and low in saturated fat
B) low in sodium
C) energy dense and low in fat
D) high in carbohydrates
E) high in protein

Question 44

Among adults and the elderly in the United States, average dietary intake of _____ is below the recommended intake levels.

A) protein
B) vitamin B ₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) fiber
E) fat

Question 45

The average length of life of people of a given age or from birth is referred to as _____.

A) the chronological age
B) life expectancy
C) the functional age
D) longevity
E) the biological age

Question 46

Regular physical activity _____.

A) enhances the loss of excess muscle mass
B) decreases caloric needs
C) delays aging processes
D) increases the need for fiber consumption
E) increases the absorption of vitamin B₁₂

Question 47

Which factor currently accounts for 80% of the increase in life expectancy of people who are 65 years and older?

A) improved diet
B) improved housing
C) safe water
D) lower levels of stress
E) advances in medicine

Question 48

What is the RDA for calcium for adults aged 70 years and above?

A) 800 mg
B) 800 mg
C) 1,000 mg
D) 1,200 mg
E) 1,400 mg

Question 49

Which of the following nutrients is consumed substantially higher than recommended by adults and the elderly in the United States?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin D
E) iron

Question 50

Women over 70 years require less _____ when compared to women below 50 years.

A) iron
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin E
D) folate
E) potassium

Question 51

Which of the following is a nutritional consequence that occurs due to the redistribution of fat stores?

A) increased absorption of iron
B) decreased absorption of vitamin B₁₂
C) decreased calorie need
D) increased risk of dehydration
E) increased protein requirement

Question 52

The senses of taste and smell are affected by _____.

A) kidney function
B) medications such as antibiotics
C) medications such as painkillers
D) diabetes
E) diseases such as heart disease

Question 53

Adults who do not adhere to a healthy dietary pattern tend to develop _____ earlier in life than adults who follow a healthy dietary pattern.

A) hypertension
B) arthritis
C) hypoglycemia
D) dementia
E) COPD

Question 54

How does resistance exercise influence the health of older adults?

A) decreases total cholesterol only
B) increases muscle mass only
C) improves balance only
D) decreases total cholesterol and improves balance
E) increases muscle mass and improves balance

Question 55

Intake of _____ tends to be low in females aged 19-50 years.

A) sodium
B) vitamin C
C) iron
D) phosphorous
E) zinc

Question 56

Older adults are generally defined as individuals who are _____ years or more.

A) 50
B) 55
C) 60
D) 65
E) 62

Question 57

Decreased stomach acidity _____.

A) reduces protein requirements
B) reduces the absorption of vitamin B ₁₂
C) increases the risk of dehydration
D) increases the absorption of calcium
E) increases the absorption of vitamin D

Question 58

Which factor appears to enhance well-being and longevity?

A) depression
B) loneliness
C) anxiety
D) isolation
E) a sense of humor

Question 59

By the year 2050, approximately _____% of the U.S. population will be 65 years of age or older.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 50

Question 60

Women need about _____ cups of water a day from fluid and foods.

A) 7
B) 9
C) 11
D) 13
E) 15

Question 61

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone. Her husband, who is also 85, has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care. Ruth had routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself. Although she is in good health, she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration. Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden. Now, with her husband in the retirement home, the time she spends on physical activities has reduced. Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family. She has also never had to think about exercising because, until recently, she had always led an active lifestyle. However, she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health. Answer the following questions to help Ruth make adjustments to her lifestyle.
Ruth is concerned she is not getting enough protein in her diet. What is the RDA for protein for someone her age?

A) 35 grams
B) 46 grams
C) 59 grams
D) 64 grams
E) 72 grams

Question 62

Discuss biological changes that occur during aging and the nutritional consequences.

Question 63

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone. Her husband, who is also 85, has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care. Ruth had routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself. Although she is in good health, she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration. Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden. Now, with her husband in the retirement home, the time she spends on physical activities has reduced. Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family. She has also never had to think about exercising because, until recently, she had always led an active lifestyle. However, she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health. Answer the following questions to help Ruth make adjustments to her lifestyle.
Now that Ruth is more sedentary, which activity would most likely help her improve her fitness and health?

A) rocking in her chair for 20 minutes a day
B) gardening for 30 minutes six or seven times per week
C) driving to the supermarket and shopping for an hour once a week
D) socializing with others at the retirement home
E) purchasing a supplement to improve her energy levels

Question 64

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone. Her husband, who is also 85, has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care. Ruth had routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself. Although she is in good health, she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration. Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden. Now, with her husband in the retirement home, the time she spends on physical activities has reduced. Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family. She has also never had to think about exercising because, until recently, she had always led an active lifestyle. However, she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health. Answer the following questions to help Ruth make adjustments to her lifestyle.
Ruth has allergies, which may affect her _____.

A) vitamin D status
B) hydration status
C) senses of taste and smell
D) ability to absorb calcium properly
E) life expectancy

Question 65

Men need about _____ cups of water a day from fluid and foods.

A) 7
B) 9
C) 11
D) 13
E) 15

Question 66

What is the RDA for vitamin D for adults aged 70 years?

A) 15 mcg
B) 20 mcg
C) 30 mcg
D) 35 mcg
E) 40 mcg

Question 67

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone. Her husband, who is also 85, has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care. Ruth had routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself. Although she is in good health, she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration. Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden. Now, with her husband in the retirement home, the time she spends on physical activities has reduced. Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family. She has also never had to think about exercising because, until recently, she had always led an active lifestyle. However, she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health. Answer the following questions to help Ruth make adjustments to her lifestyle.
Which food will most likely help Ruth increase her intake of vitamin D?

A) fortified dairy products
B) vegetable oil
C) whole grains
D) lean meats and poultry
E) legumes

Question 68

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone. Her husband, who is also 85, has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care. Ruth had routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself. Although she is in good health, she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration. Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden. Now, with her husband in the retirement home, the time she spends on physical activities has reduced. Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family. She has also never had to think about exercising because, until recently, she had always led an active lifestyle. However, she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health. Answer the following questions to help Ruth make adjustments to her lifestyle.
As an older adult, which nutrients does Ruth need more of based on the RDA recommendations?

A) zinc and iron
B) vitamin A and folic acid
C) vitamin C and vitamin E
D) sodium and protein
E) vitamin B ₆ and calcium

Question 69

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone. Her husband, who is also 85, has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care. Ruth had routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself. Although she is in good health, she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration. Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden. Now, with her husband in the retirement home, the time she spends on physical activities has reduced. Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family. She has also never had to think about exercising because, until recently, she had always led an active lifestyle. However, she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health. Answer the following questions to help Ruth make adjustments to her lifestyle.
Ruth is worried about her husband's sodium intake. What is the RDA for sodium for someone his age?

A) 400 mg
B) 600 mg
C) 800 mg
D) 1000 mg
E) 1200 mg

Question 70

Describe the benefits of physical activity and the physical activity recommendations for adults.