Deck 9: Obesity to Underweight the Highs and Lows of Weight Status

Question 1

In 2016, rates of obesity were highest in _____.

A) Alaska
B) Colorado
C) Hawaii
D) Utah
E) West Virginia

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The Health at Every Size program _____.

A) is associated with significant weight loss
B) stresses calorie restriction
C) emphasizes engaging in high-intensity physical activity
D) is associated with reduction in a number of health problems related to obesity
E) is only available in the United States

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to data from a national nutrition and health survey, major gains in weight are most likely to occur in adults between the ages of 25 and 34.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The size of visceral fat deposits can be closely estimated by measuring _____.

A) blood pressure
B) blood glucose levels
C) waist circumference
D) skinfold thickness
E) triglyceride levels

Question 5

Death rates are highest among adults who are underweight.

Question 6

A health problem associated with obesity is _____.

A) hypotension
B) lack of self-control
C) high HDL-cholesterol
D) low LDL-cholesterol
E) sleep disorders

Question 7

Elevated concentrations of CRP are associated with heart disease, obesity, infection, smoking, and inadequate antioxidant intake.

Question 8

Body weight preferences that are culturally defined change with time.

Question 9

Studies have shown that longevity can be extended in human adults by following a nutritious, calorie-restricted diet.

Question 10

Japan has instituted a policy that requires all citizens aged 50-74 years to have their waist circumference measured yearly.

Question 11

Death rates are highest among adults who are _____.

A) very obese
B) obese
C) overweight
D) normal weight
E) underweight

Question 12

Parents who overreact to a child's weight by focusing on it, restricting food access, and making negative comments to the child decrease the likelihood that eating and weight problems will develop or endure.

Question 13

The variables needed to determine the body mass index include height, weight, age, and gender.

Question 14

Individuals can achieve any body weight or shape they desire if they just diet and exercise enough.

Question 15

Research has found that obesity is associated with a lack of willpower.

Question 16

Being "pear-shaped" is riskier than being "apple-shaped" because of the presence of visceral fat.

Question 17

BMI percentile ranges for children and adolescents also provide information on growth progress in terms of weight or height for age.

Question 18

Magnetic resonance imaging is a highly accurate but expensive method for assessing fat mass.

Question 19

The link between weight status very early in life and adult obesity appears to be weak or nonexistent.

Question 20

Fat stored in the abdomen under the skin and a layer of muscle is called subcutaneous fat.

Question 21

The incidence of overweight and obesity is _____.

A) higher among females than males
B) higher among males than females
C) similar among females and males
D) similar among children, adolescents, and adults
E) higher among children than adults

Question 22

Men need at least _____ of body fat for survival.

A) 3 to 5%
B) 5 to 7%
C) 8 to 10%
D) 10 to 12%
E) 12 to 15%

Question 23

Chronic inflammation is a metabolic condition that _____.

A) is caused by genetic traits
B) is initiated by subcutaneous fat
C) promotes the hardening of arteries
D) promotes the development of low blood pressure
E) reduces liver fat content

Question 24

Apple-shaped people store fat primarily in their _____.

A) abdomen
B) thighs
C) upper arms
D) hips
E) lower leg

Question 25

Women need at least _____ of body fat for survival.

A) 3 to 5%
B) 5 to 7%
C) 8 to 10%
D) 10 to 12%
E) 12 to 15%

Question 26

Standards used to assess weight status in children and adolescents employ _____.

A) BMI percentile ranges
B) height percentile ranges
C) waist circumference measurements
D) skinfold thickness measurements
E) the Hamwi method

Question 27

People who are thin and unhealthy _____.

A) tend to have reduced bone mineral density
B) tend to frequently participate in high-intensity physical activity
C) tend to have enhanced concentration
D) often live longer
E) often restrict calories

Question 28

Low body fat levels are associated with _____.

A) chronic inflammation
B) insulin resistance
C) elevated triglyceride levels
D) fatty liver disease
E) infertility

Question 29

Rates of overweight and obesity in the United States _____.

A) have increased a bit for children aged 2 to 5 years
B) have decreased substantially since 1990
C) have increased substantially recently
D) have stabilized recently
E) do not vary by state

Question 30

Estimate a healthy weight for a 6-feet-tall man using the Hamwi method.

A) 164 pounds
B) 178 pounds
C) 185 pounds
D) 192 pounds
E) 200 pounds

Question 31

Which of the following factors promotes the development of obesity in genetically susceptible people?

A) exposure to PCBs
B) high added sugar intake
C) lack of sleep
D) medications
E) physical inactivity

Question 32

An important cause of underweight in some poor nations is _____.

A) an eating disorder
B) cancer
C) poverty
D) pneumonia
E) HIV/AIDS

Question 33

Which commonly used method for assessing body fat content uses calipers to measure the thickness of fat folds that lie underneath the skin?

A) skinfold measurement
B) bioelectrical impedance analysis
C) magnetic resonance imaging
D) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
E) whole-body air displacement

Question 34

In men, waist circumferences over _____ inches and in women, over _____ inches are related to excess visceral fat.

A) 35; 30
B) 40; 35
C) 45; 40
D) 40; 45
E) 35; 40

Question 35

Fatty liver disease is associated primarily with _____.

A) high triglyceride levels
B) hypertension
C) low levels of HDL cholesterol
D) underweight
E) excess alcohol consumption

Question 36

Adults following calorie-restricted diets _____.

A) are at increased risk of stroke
B) are at risk of iron deficiency
C) tend to have high triglyceride levels
D) tend to have heart disease
E) tend to have chronic inflammation

Question 37

Nearly 80% of children who are obese between the ages of _____ and have at least one obese parent have been found to be obese as adults.

A) 2 and 3
B) 3 and 5
C) 5 and 8
D) 8 and 10
E) 10 and 14

Question 38

Which method of assessing body fat content can also be used to assess bone mineral content and lean tissue mass?

A) skinfold measurement
B) bioelectrical impedance analysis
C) underwater weighing
D) magnetic resonance imaging
E) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Question 39

The conversion of glucose to body fat _____.

A) triggers the release of triglycerides
B) triggers the release of CRP
C) is an example of a metabolic process
D) is the first response of the body's immune system to infection
E) can produce liver damage if not corrected

Question 40

Visceral fat is _____.

A) found primarily in the hips, thighs, and buttocks
B) metabolically less active than subcutaneous fat
C) present in abundance in people with a pear-shaped body
D) increased by certain medications
E) more strongly related to disease risk than subcutaneous fat

Question 42

Harold is a college sophomore who is trying to get in shape for spring break. He would like to lose the body weight that he gained during his freshman and sophomore years. In high school, he played sports and his family prepared healthy meals, but his freshman and sophomore years have proven to be very different with late nights of school work, hanging out with friends playing poker, and eating lots of take-out food, snacking on pizza, and drinking soda. Harold, who is 5' 10", has gained 18 pounds and now weighs 182 pounds.
Harold has never tried to lose weight before and decides to talk to a personal trainer at the gym to get help. During Harold's consultation, the personal trainer calculates his BMI, determines his ideal body weight, and measures his body fat content using skinfold calipers. The personal trainer tells Harold his body composition is 26% fat. The personal trainer also measures Harold's waist, and his waist circumference is a little over 40".
What is Harold's BMI classification?

A) underweight
B) healthy weight
C) overweight
D) obese
E) extremely obese

Question 43

An average percent body fat is _____ for men and _____ for women.

A) 5; 12
B) 12; 15
C) 15; 20
D) 22; 32
E) 25; 35

Question 44

Metabolic abnormalities are characterized by _____.

A) low levels of triglycerides
B) high levels of fiber
C) high levels of HDL cholesterol
D) insulin resistance
E) low blood pressure

Question 45

Discuss the multiple factors that may cause obesity.

Question 46

Discuss how obesity affects a person's psychological well-being and how the harmful effects of obesity are ameliorated by society.

Question 47

Ronald is 55 years old and weighs 186 pounds. He is 6 feet tall. What is his BMI?

A) 25.22 kg/m ²
B) 26.25 kg/m ²
C) 35.49 kg/m ²
D) 37.12 kg/m ²
E) 28.16 kg/m ²

Question 48

Which method of assessing body fat content is based on the principle that fat is a poor conductor of electricity and water, whereas muscles are good conductors?

A) skinfold measurement
B) bioelectrical impedance analysis
C) magnetic resonance imaging
D) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
E) whole-body air displacement

Question 49

Harold is a college sophomore who is trying to get in shape for spring break. He would like to lose the body weight that he gained during his freshman and sophomore years. In high school, he played sports and his family prepared healthy meals, but his freshman and sophomore years have proven to be very different with late nights of school work, hanging out with friends playing poker, and eating lots of take-out food, snacking on pizza, and drinking soda. Harold, who is 5' 10", has gained 18 pounds and now weighs 182 pounds.
Harold has never tried to lose weight before and decides to talk to a personal trainer at the gym to get help. During Harold's consultation, the personal trainer calculates his BMI, determines his ideal body weight, and measures his body fat content using skinfold calipers. The personal trainer tells Harold his body composition is 26% fat. The personal trainer also measures Harold's waist, and his waist circumference is a little over 40".
In addition to exercise, which behavior would most likely help Harold get in shape for spring break?

A) cut out all carbohydrates, including regular soda, bread, pasta, and fruit
B) start drinking protein shakes instead of eating pizza with his friends
C) skip breakfast and lunch and have a healthy dinner
D) decrease portion sizes at home and in restaurants and regularly include vegetables or fruit at meals
E) adopt a vegetarian-style diet

Question 50

Harold is a college sophomore who is trying to get in shape for spring break. He would like to lose the body weight that he gained during his freshman and sophomore years. In high school, he played sports and his family prepared healthy meals, but his freshman and sophomore years have proven to be very different with late nights of school work, hanging out with friends playing poker, and eating lots of take-out food, snacking on pizza, and drinking soda. Harold, who is 5' 10", has gained 18 pounds and now weighs 182 pounds.
Harold has never tried to lose weight before and decides to talk to a personal trainer at the gym to get help. During Harold's consultation, the personal trainer calculates his BMI, determines his ideal body weight, and measures his body fat content using skinfold calipers. The personal trainer tells Harold his body composition is 26% fat. The personal trainer also measures Harold's waist, and his waist circumference is a little over 40".
What is Harold's BMI?

A) 22.50 kg/m ²
B) 26.11 kg/m ²
C) 30.88 kg/m ²
D) 32.49 kg/m ²
E) 33. 75 kg/m ²

Question 51

Harold is a college sophomore who is trying to get in shape for spring break. He would like to lose the body weight that he gained during his freshman and sophomore years. In high school, he played sports and his family prepared healthy meals, but his freshman and sophomore years have proven to be very different with late nights of school work, hanging out with friends playing poker, and eating lots of take-out food, snacking on pizza, and drinking soda. Harold, who is 5' 10", has gained 18 pounds and now weighs 182 pounds.
Harold has never tried to lose weight before and decides to talk to a personal trainer at the gym to get help. During Harold's consultation, the personal trainer calculates his BMI, determines his ideal body weight, and measures his body fat content using skinfold calipers. The personal trainer tells Harold his body composition is 26% fat. The personal trainer also measures Harold's waist, and his waist circumference is a little over 40".
Harold's personal trainer warns him about the disease risk associated with high levels of visceral fat. Which dietary and/or lifestyle change would most likely help Harold in reducing his risk of metabolic abnormalities?

A) walking and jogging regularly and maintaining his current diet
B) replacing his fast food intake with large portions of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
C) beginning a strength training regimen
D) walking and jogging regularly and eating a protein-based diet
E) walking and jogging regularly and beginning a strength training regimen

Question 52

Harold is a college sophomore who is trying to get in shape for spring break. He would like to lose the body weight that he gained during his freshman and sophomore years. In high school, he played sports and his family prepared healthy meals, but his freshman and sophomore years have proven to be very different with late nights of school work, hanging out with friends playing poker, and eating lots of take-out food, snacking on pizza, and drinking soda. Harold, who is 5' 10", has gained 18 pounds and now weighs 182 pounds.
Harold has never tried to lose weight before and decides to talk to a personal trainer at the gym to get help. During Harold's consultation, the personal trainer calculates his BMI, determines his ideal body weight, and measures his body fat content using skinfold calipers. The personal trainer tells Harold his body composition is 26% fat. The personal trainer also measures Harold's waist, and his waist circumference is a little over 40".
What does Harold's waist circumference indicate?

A) He has low visceral fat but high subcutaneous fat levels.
B) He most likely has an "apple shape" and may be at risk for metabolic abnormalities.
C) He most likely has a "pear shape" and is at risk for metabolic syndrome.
D) His waist circumference was probably measured incorrectly.
E) He doesn't have to worry about his waist circumference until it reaches 45".

Question 53

Which lifestyle changes may prevent or lessen the amount of weight gain that occurs with age?

A) exercising once a week
B) regularly getting a total of four hours of sleep at night
C) increasing portion sizes at home while decreasing portion sizes in restaurants
D) regularly exercising and getting eight hours of sleep at night
E) regularly exercising and decreasing the amount of sleep per night to under seven hours

Question 54

Harold is a college sophomore who is trying to get in shape for spring break. He would like to lose the body weight  that  he gained during his freshman and sophomore years. In high school, he played sports and his family prepared healthy meals, but his freshman and sophomore years have proven to be very different with late nights of school work, hanging out with friends playing poker, and eating lots of take-out food, snacking on pizza, and drinking soda. Harold, who is 5 '  10 " , has gained 18 pounds and now weighs 182 pounds.
Harold has never tried to lose weight before and decides to talk to a personal trainer at the gym to get help. During Harold ' s consultation, the personal trainer calculates his BMI, determines his ideal body weight, and measures his body fat content using skinfold calipers. The personal trainer tells Harold his body composition is 26% fat. The personal trainer also measures Harold ' s waist, and his waist circumference is a little over 40 " .
Estimate  Harold ' s ideal weight  using  the  Hamwi  method .

A) 125 pounds
B) 138 pounds
C) 145 pounds
D) 166 pounds
E) 174 pounds

Question 55

Harold is a college sophomore who is trying to get in shape for spring break. He would like to lose the body weight that he gained during his freshman and sophomore years. In high school, he played sports and his family prepared healthy meals, but his freshman and sophomore years have proven to be very different with late nights of school work, hanging out with friends playing poker, and eating lots of take-out food, snacking on pizza, and drinking soda. Harold, who is 5' 10", has gained 18 pounds and now weighs 182 pounds.
Harold has never tried to lose weight before and decides to talk to a personal trainer at the gym to get help. During Harold's consultation, the personal trainer calculates his BMI, determines his ideal body weight, and measures his body fat content using skinfold calipers. The personal trainer tells Harold his body composition is 26% fat. The personal trainer also measures Harold's waist, and his waist circumference is a little over 40".
Harold's health care provider has discussed with him the importance of healthy eating behaviors, such as eating when hungry and stopping when full. This is an approach that is being promoted by the _____ program.

A) CDC's Healthy Lifestyles
B) Health at Every Size
C) Food and Self-Esteem
D) Eating Disorders Prevention
E) Long-Term Health Improvement

Question 56

Subcutaneous fat is _____.

A) stored in the abdomen under the skin
B) metabolically less active than visceral fat
C) present in abundance in people of all ages
D) increased by certain medications
E) more strongly related to disease risk than visceral fat