Deck 10: Weight Control the Myths and Realities

Question 1

Two approaches to weight control are related to weight loss and weight-loss maintenance.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Once the lap-band surgery is complete, the band cannot be adjusted.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

According to a new law, claims about long-term weight loss must be based on the experience of patients followed over time after they complete the weight-loss program.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Weight-loss products and services are usually not tested for safety before they reach the market.

Question 5

Loss of 5% or more of body weight in obese individuals is considered clinically significant.

Question 6

The malabsorption of fat caused by orlistat also reduces the absorption of a number of fat-soluble nutrients.

Question 7

Ephedra and sibutramine are the only two safe and effective weight-loss drugs currently on the market.

Question 8

Liposuction effectively removes fat that lies underneath muscles or that surrounds organs.

Question 9

Often people believe that a product or service must be effective or it wouldn't be allowed on the market.

Question 10

The lap-band procedure is reversible.

Question 11

The South Beach diet limits carbohydrate intake.

Question 12

Requirements for truth in labeling keep outrageous claims from being made in infomercials, on the Internet, or printed in newspapers, books, magazines, and advertisements.

Question 13

A number of dietary supplements and medications sold over the Internet are currently approved by the FDA as safe or effective for weight loss.

Question 14

Any popularized approach to quick weight loss that calls for a reduction in caloric intake will produce long-term weight loss.

Question 15

Changes in diet and physical activity likely to be maintained tend to be small, easy to implement, and acceptable-even preferable-to existing behaviors.

Question 16

Fad diets have a high chance of working in the long run, primarily because they change behavior in acceptable ways.

Question 17

The American College of Sports Medicine recommends at least 20 minutes per day of moderate physical activity for weight loss in overweight and obese adults.

Question 18

The lap-band procedure is associated with greater levels of weight loss than gastric bypass surgery.

Question 19

Individuals who gain weight after a fad diet often blame themselves for the failure and not the faulty weight-loss approach.

Question 20

Currently, the Federal Trade Commission monitors deceptive practices and weight-loss claims on a case-by-case basis.

Question 21

A person's calorie needs increase over time as weight is lost.

Question 22

The use of orlistat has been discontinued because of the development of heart valve defects.

Question 23

Which diet is considered a fad diet?

A) The Cleanse Diet
B) The Mediterranean Diet
C) MyPlate
D) Weight Watchers
E) The Ornish Diet

Question 24

Identify the field of medicine that is concerned with weight loss.

A) nephrology
B) hematology
C) geriatrics
D) anesthesiology
E) bariatrics

Question 25

Which small change in physical activity is easy to accomplish and will most likely be acceptable?

A) Park farther from class, the store, or the office and walk.
B) Take up weight lifting.
C) Stop watching programs on television or computer and go jogging instead.
D) Do as many sit-ups and push-ups as possible in the morning and before bed.
E) Jump rope for 20 minutes per day.

Question 26

Individuals who have undergone gastric bypass surgery _____.

A) have a stomach capacity of approximately two cups
B) have a stomach capacity of approximately four cups
C) should take multivitamin and mineral supplements to counteract changes in absorption
D) cannot stretch their stomach by increasing food intake
E) generally notice that their skin retracts on its own after fat stores are lowered

Question 27

Gastric bypass surgery is approved for use by the FDA for _____.

A) adults and adolescents with a BMI over 35 kg/m ²
B) adults with a BMI over 35 kg/m ²
C) adults and adolescents with a BMI over 40 kg/m ²
D) adults with a BMI over 40 kg/m ²
E) adults and adolescents with a BMI over 45 kg/m ²

Question 28

Obesity has been classified as a disorder.

Question 29

Identify the method that is used to partially remove fat deposits in the thighs, hips, arms, back, or chin.

A) gastric bypass surgery
B) lap-band surgery
C) liposuction
D) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
E) bioelectrical impedance analysis

Question 30

A typical weight-loss pattern is a straight downward curve.

Question 31

All fad diets share the property of being limited in calories and often provide inadequate amounts of certain nutrients.

Question 32

Increasingly, people are losing weight and keeping it off by eating more nutrient-dense foods.

Question 33

Surgical standards require that no more than eight pounds of fat be removed by liposuction.

Question 34

Identify the fad diet that targets people who believe their bodies contain "toxins" that slow down metabolism.

A) The Popcorn Diet
B) The Three-Day Diet
C) The Cleanse Diet
D) The Metabolism Diet
E) The Chocolate Diet

Question 35

Liposuction is _____.

A) an effective weight-loss surgery
B) considered a cosmetic procedure
C) the removal of visceral fat
D) a permanent fat-loss method
E) currently not very common in the United States

Question 36

Overall, higher-protein, lower-carbohydrate diets tend to achieve slightly higher weight loss amounts.

Question 37

The use of weight-control programs that include _____ lead to greater weight loss.

A) only dietary changes
B) only physical activity
C) only herbal remedies
D) dietary changes and physical activity
E) physical activity and herbal remedies

Question 38

While reading a magazine, James notices an ad for a weight-loss supplement that promises rapid weight loss. Which claim and(or) term used in the ad are(is) false or misleading?

A) safe only
B) promises rapid weight loss
C) supplement only
D) safe; promises rapid weight loss
E) safe; supplement

Question 39

Which weight-loss approach works by partially blocking fat absorption in the intestines?

A) orlistat
B) sibutramine
C) gastric bypass surgery
D) lap-band surgery
E) liposuction

Question 40

Which diet pill is currently approved for use in the United States?

A) orlistat
B) ephedra
C) amphetamines
D) Redux
E) sibutramine

Question 41

A beneficial side effect of weight-loss surgery is_____.

A) elevated LDL cholesterol levels
B) enhanced nutrient absorption
C) a reduction in appetite
D) permanent fat loss
E) that skin tissue retracts on its own after fat stores are lowered

Question 42

Which of the following is true of liposuction?

A) It is a highly recommended method for weight loss.
B) Weight and fat losses from liposuction will not be permanent if weight is gained.
C) Surgical standards require that no more than 18 pounds of fat be removed by this method.
D) It increases plasma triglyceride levels when fat underneath abdominal skin is removed in people with high triglyceride levels.
E) It is a safe method with no known health complications.

Question 43

Weight-loss products sold over the Internet _____.

A) are generally just herbal supplements that are harmless
B) are approved by the FDA as safe
C) are approved by the FDA for weight loss
D) require a prescription
E) are particularly untrustworthy

Question 44

The American College of Sports Medicine recommends an average of _____ physical activity per day for weight loss in overweight and obese adults.

A) 20 minutes of low-intensity
B) 20 minutes of high-intensity
C) 32-43 minutes of low-intensity
D) 32-60 minutes of moderate-intensity
E) 45 minutes of high-intensity

Question 45

Identify the primary side effect associated with the use of orlistat.

A) addiction
B) hypertension
C) oily stools
D) hand tremors
E) psychiatric illness

Question 46

What is the most effective method for weight loss and weight maintenance available?

A) Redux
B) orlistat
C) liposuction
D) lap-band surgery
E) gastric bypass surgery

Question 47

Which factor often causes rapid weight-loss diets to fail and weight to be regained?

A) feelings of hunger and deprivation
B) lack of monitoring by health care professionals
C) sugar withdrawal
D) negative side effects such as headaches
E) caffeine withdrawal

Question 48

Why was ephedra discontinued?

A) cyst formation
B) excessive risk of stroke and heart attack
C) highly addictive
D) ineffective
E) digestive side effects

Question 49

The American College of Sports Medicine recommends an average of _____ physical activity per day for weight-loss maintenance in overweight and obese adults.

A) 15 minutes of low-intensity
B) 20 minutes of high-intensity
C) 29-43 minutes of moderate-intensity
D) 45-60 minutes of moderate-intensity
E) 60-90 minutes of moderate-intensity

Question 50

Weight-loss products such as herbal remedies _____.

A) achieve long-term weight loss
B) decrease appetite
C) decrease body fat
D) are required by law to show that they are effective before they can be sold
E) are usually not tested for safety before they reach the market

Question 51

Amphetamines are no longer used as a weight-loss method because they _____.

A) caused kidney stones
B) caused heart and blood pressure problems although they are not addictive
C) are highly addictive although they do not cause other side effects
D) caused kidney stones, heart, and blood pressure problems
E) caused heart and blood pressure problems, and are highly addictive

Question 52

Which mineral is often poorly absorbed after gastric bypass surgery?

A) chromium
B) sodium
C) magnesium
D) potassium
E) calcium

Question 53

Which vitamin is often poorly absorbed after gastric bypass surgery?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin K
E) beta-carotene

Question 54

A number of popular diets have been tested by research studies; however, most of the people in the studies were unable to stick to a particular diet for a year, primarily because _____.

A) it was too hard to follow
B) weekly weight loss was insufficient
C) protein intake was too low
D) fat intake was too low
E) carbohydrate intake was too low

Question 55

A typical weight-loss pattern _____.

A) is a straight downward curve
B) will include peaks, valleys, and plateaus
C) will be dramatic for the first month and then plateau for an extended period
D) will be slow at first and then increase rapidly
E) will include a period of weight gain just before the weight-loss goal is reached

Question 56

Regular physical activity results in _____.

A) decreased abdominal fat stores only
B) improved blood cholesterol levels only
C) increased blood pressure only
D) decreased abdominal fat stores and improved blood cholesterol levels
E) improved blood cholesterol levels and increased blood pressure

Question 57

Lap-band surgery _____.

A) uses a band that cannot be adjusted
B) is a higher-risk procedure than gastric bypass surgery
C) produces a small stomach pouch by constricting the upper part of the stomach with a band
D) removes visceral fat and subcutaneous fat from the abdomen
E) is a short-term weight-loss method

Question 58

The _____ has proposed that claims about long-term weight loss be based on the experience of patients followed over time after they complete the program.

A) CDC
B) USDA
C) FTC
D) FDA
E) FRAC

Question 59

On average, individuals who undergo gastric bypass surgery _____.

A) lose 48% of their excess body weight
B) lose 60% of their excess body weight
C) lose 75% of their excess body weight
D) have the procedure reversed after weight-loss goals are achieved
E) have their health-related problems completely resolved

Question 60

Joyce is an obese adult who weighs 250 pounds. She would like to try a new weight-loss method and wants to know how much weight she would have to lose for it to be clinically significant.

A) 2.5 pounds
B) 5 pounds
C) 7.5 pounds
D) 10 pounds
E) 12.5 pounds

Question 61

Monica has been trying to lose weight for about a year. Throughout the past year, she has educated herself on the guidelines of good nutrition and exercise. Despite knowing that she needs to change her lifestyle, she is frustrated with her inability to lose weight and wants to quickly start losing weight. She is trying to lose 5 to 10 pounds as soon as possible because she feels that gradual changes are disappointing, and she is unable to commit to a gradual change. As a result, she ends up overeating and does not exercise. For her most recent diet, she decides to try a popular low-calorie weight-loss approach and adhere to the following program: day 1: fruits only, day 2: vegetables only, day 3: fruits and vegetables only, day 4: six bananas and milk, days 5 and 6: tomatoes only, and day 7: eat whatever you want. In addition to the diet, Monica exercises once per day for a short period of time if she has time.
Which type of diet would most likely result in slightly higher weight loss amounts for Monica?

A) a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet
B) a low-fat diet
C) a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet
D) a diet similar to the one she is currently following
E) a high-carbohydrate, low-fat, low-protein diet

Question 62

Monica has been trying to lose weight for about a year. Throughout the past year, she has educated herself on the guidelines of good nutrition and exercise. Despite knowing that she needs to change her lifestyle, she is frustrated with her inability to lose weight and wants to quickly start losing weight. She is trying to lose 5 to 10 pounds as soon as possible because she feels that gradual changes are disappointing, and she is unable to commit to a gradual change. As a result, she ends up overeating and does not exercise. For her most recent diet, she decides to try a popular low-calorie weight-loss approach and adhere to the following program: day 1: fruits only, day 2: vegetables only, day 3: fruits and vegetables only, day 4: six bananas and milk, days 5 and 6: tomatoes only, and day 7: eat whatever you want. In addition to the diet, Monica exercises once per day for a short period of time if she has time.
Which strategy would most likely help Monica lose weight and maintain the weight loss?

A) She should have a friend or family member weigh her each week to help her stay on track.
B) She should talk to her doctor about diet pills.
C) She should study new trends and fads in rapid weight loss.
D) She should make sustainable lifestyle changes for reducing calorie intake and increasing physical activity.
E) She should talk to an alternative health professional regarding natural weight-loss solutions.

Question 63

Monica has been trying to lose weight for about a year. Throughout the past year, she has educated herself on the guidelines of good nutrition and exercise. Despite knowing that she needs to change her lifestyle, she is frustrated with her inability to lose weight and wants to quickly start losing weight. She is trying to lose 5 to 10 pounds as soon as possible because she feels that gradual changes are disappointing, and she is unable to commit to a gradual change. As a result, she ends up overeating and does not exercise. For her most recent diet, she decides to try a popular low-calorie weight-loss approach and adhere to the following program: day 1: fruits only, day 2: vegetables only, day 3: fruits and vegetables only, day 4: six bananas and milk, days 5 and 6: tomatoes only, and day 7: eat whatever you want. In addition to the diet, Monica exercises once per day for a short period of time if she has time.
What will most likely happen to Monica if she is able to follow the above diet?

A) She will maintain her current weight for the long term.
B) She will not lose any weight.
C) She will be able to sustain the diet for the long term but will not lose any weight initially.
D) She will maintain her current weight but be unable to sustain the diet for the long term.
E) She will briefly lose weight but be unable to sustain the diet for the long term.

Question 64

Monica has been trying to lose weight for about a year. Throughout the past year, she has educated herself on the guidelines of good nutrition and exercise. Despite knowing that she needs to change her lifestyle, she is frustrated with her inability to lose weight and wants to quickly start losing weight. She is trying to lose 5 to 10 pounds as soon as possible because she feels that gradual changes are disappointing, and she is unable to commit to a gradual change. As a result, she ends up overeating and does not exercise. For her most recent diet, she decides to try a popular low-calorie weight-loss approach and adhere to the following program: day 1: fruits only, day 2: vegetables only, day 3: fruits and vegetables only, day 4: six bananas and milk, days 5 and 6: tomatoes only, and day 7: eat whatever you want. In addition to the diet, Monica exercises once per day for a short period of time if she has time.
Which feature of Monica's diet plan will likely prevent her from being able to sustain her diet?

A) The diet is not a commercially marketed weight-loss program.
B) The diet does not include enough protein and has too many carbohydrates.
C) The diet is overly restrictive and would be too unpleasant over the long term.
D) The diet is too low in fat.
E) The diet is not coupled with weight-loss herbal supplements.

Question 65

Monica has been trying to lose weight for about a year. Throughout the past year, she has educated herself on the guidelines of good nutrition and exercise. Despite knowing that she needs to change her lifestyle, she is frustrated with her inability to lose weight and wants to quickly start losing weight. She is trying to lose 5 to 10 pounds as soon as possible because she feels that gradual changes are disappointing, and she is unable to commit to a gradual change. As a result, she ends up overeating and does not exercise. For her most recent diet, she decides to try a popular low-calorie weight-loss approach and adhere to the following program: day 1: fruits only, day 2: vegetables only, day 3: fruits and vegetables only, day 4: six bananas and milk, days 5 and 6: tomatoes only, and day 7: eat whatever you want. In addition to the diet, Monica exercises once per day for a short period of time if she has time.
What will most likely happen to Monica's weight after she discontinues her current diet and exercise plan?

A) She will maintain any weight lost during the diet for at least two years.
B) She will return to previous habits and regain weight.
C) She will continue to lose weight.
D) She will enter a short period of weight gain and then continue to lose weight.
E) Her weight will plateau and then she will start to lose weight again.

Question 66

Discuss the differences between gastric bypass surgery and lap-band surgery.

Question 67

Monica has been trying to lose weight for about a year. Throughout the past year, she has educated herself on the guidelines of good nutrition and exercise. Despite knowing that she needs to change her lifestyle, she is frustrated with her inability to lose weight and wants to quickly start losing weight. She is trying to lose 5 to 10 pounds as soon as possible because she feels that gradual changes are disappointing, and she is unable to commit to a gradual change. As a result, she ends up overeating and does not exercise. For her most recent diet, she decides to try a popular low-calorie weight-loss approach and adhere to the following program: day 1: fruits only, day 2: vegetables only, day 3: fruits and vegetables only, day 4: six bananas and milk, days 5 and 6: tomatoes only, and day 7: eat whatever you want. In addition to the diet, Monica exercises once per day for a short period of time if she has time.
How may Monica's health be affected if she continues to follow the diet for the long term?

A) She will lose weight and become healthier.
B) She will have more energy and stamina.
C) The diet may lead to nutrient-deficiency diseases.
D) The diet may cause heart valve problems.
E) She may develop blood pressure problems.

Question 68

Monica has been trying to lose weight for about a year. Throughout the past year, she has educated herself on the guidelines of good nutrition and exercise. Despite knowing that she needs to change her lifestyle, she is frustrated with her inability to lose weight and wants to quickly start losing weight. She is trying to lose 5 to 10 pounds as soon as possible because she feels that gradual changes are disappointing, and she is unable to commit to a gradual change. As a result, she ends up overeating and does not exercise. For her most recent diet, she decides to try a popular low-calorie weight-loss approach and adhere to the following program: day 1: fruits only, day 2: vegetables only, day 3: fruits and vegetables only, day 4: six bananas and milk, days 5 and 6: tomatoes only, and day 7: eat whatever you want. In addition to the diet, Monica exercises once per day for a short period of time if she has time.
Which exercise routine would be best for Monica in order to lose weight?

A) low-intensity aerobic activity for 25-30 minutes, four times a week
B) moderate-intensity aerobic activity for 45-60 minutes every day
C) high-intensity aerobic activity for 20 minutes every day
D) high-intensity weight training five times a week for 45 minutes
E) only non-weight bearing activities such as swimming for 60 minutes every day

Question 69

Discuss the characteristics of people who regain lost weight versus those who keep lost weight off.

Question 70

Describe how to identify and make small, acceptable changes and give an example.