Deck 5: Education Reform: 1900 to Today

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between Hall's child-centered approach and Dewey's progressive approach?

A) While the child-centered education placed the child at the center of learning, Dewey believed in a more traditional role for teachers and curriculum with teachers deciding what should be taught and having students learn what was asked of them.
B) Dewey's progressive approach was merely an extension of the child-centered approach in that Dewey refined what should be taught in schools.
C) Dewey's approach was much different from the child-centered approach in that society had changed and Dewey saw the need for schools to advance democratic principles.
D) Rather than focusing on child-centered self-expression and development, Dewey believed that democracy had to be born again with each new generation and education was the vehicle that could accomplish that goal through genuine life experiences.
E) There really was no difference between the two approaches.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the High Schools that Work (HSTW) program?

A) They are high schools that focus totally on vocational education helping students gain the skills they need to enter the workforce.
B) They are high schools where all students score in the top 10% of the state testing program.
C) They are high schools that blend traditional college-preparatory studies with quality vocational and technical studies to improve learning for all career-bound students.
D) It was a result of the Smith-Hughes Act to support vocational education in public schools.
E) None are correct

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true concerning the Cummings v. Richmond County Board of Education, Georgia case?

A) The Richmond County school board closed the African American high school and turned the building into an African American elementary school rather than improve the original elementary school facilities.
B) That action left no public high school open for African American students.
C) The Board recommended that parents try and enroll their African American high school students in church-affiliated schools.
D) The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that education was a state function and did not intervene.
E) All are correct
F) None are correct

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following statements is false concerning the Coleman Report?

A) It was commissioned in 1954, right after the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling to assess whether children of different races, income groups, and national origins had equal educational opportunities.
B) The report showed that African American children started out school academically behind their white peers and stayed behind them regardless of whether equal resources were available in their schools.
C) It showed that African American children typically attended more poorly equipped schools and had fewer resources and courses available to them.
D) It concluded that education might not be society's great equalizer, but that family background was the most important determiner of children's academic success.
E) All are correct

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the work of the Committee of Ten?

A) They established the NCAA rules.
B) They recommended a standard high school curriculum for all students.
C) They fully endorsed Hall's child-centered approach to schooling.
D) They fully endorsed Dewey's progressive approach to schooling.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true concerning the Brown v. Board of Education court case?

A) The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that separate but equal was inherently unequal.
B) It ended school segregation within one year.
C) It ended the massive resistance efforts in the South.
D) Ruby Bridges was the first African American to enter the Topeka, Kansas, elementary school following the Court's ruling,
E) None are correct

Question 7

Which of the following provides the best definition of faculty psychology?

A) Teaching as a profession with certain methods, techniques, and materials to promote student learning
B) The educational theory that building the powers of the mind through memorization, practice, and recitation develops character and learning
C) The view that intellect, will, and emotions can be trained by a uniform procedure of mental discipline and drill
D) None are correct

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the child-centered education approach?

A) It was the theory devised by G. Stanley Hall.
B) It involved detailed dissection of students to better understand how they work and learn.
C) It is the detailed, scientific study of how children's minds and personalities develop through stages in order to help educators make practical judgments about how best to teach young people.
D) It is the theory that children should be left to discover learning for themselves and the classroom should be a garden of learning for children - hence the term kindergarten.
E) None are correct

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Plessy v. Ferguson court ruling on schools?

A) The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the lower court's ruling.
B) It had no impact on schools since the case was about railroad cars.
C) It set the precedent that separate facilities for African Americans and whites were constitutional as long as they were equal.
D) It reduced the number of train passengers in Louisiana.
E) The ruling carried over to restaurants and theaters.

Question 10

Public Law 94-142 specified that children with disabilities must have certain requirements met and services available to them. Which of the following is not one of those requirements and services?

A) A free appropriate public education
B) A group education plan
C) Special education services
D) Related services
E) Due process procedures
F) The least restrictive learning environment

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true?

A) After World War I ended, states began to enforce child labor and compulsory attendance laws.
B) Secondary school enrollments increased from 1.1 million in 1910 to 2.5 million in 1920 to 4.8 million in 1930.
C) The Great Depression was another reason high school enrollments increased to 7.1 million in 1940.
D) All are correct

Question 12

Which statement best describes the effect of scientific management on schools?

A) Scientific management came from business and industry.
B) Frederick Taylor developed the concept to increase profitability and efficiency.
C) It fit in well with the Cardinal Principles report.
D) It led to the establishment of bell schedules.
E) It endorsed the separation of the church and schools.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the work of the Committee of Fifteen?

A) They endorsed a subject-centered elementary curriculum.
B) They endorsed elementary subjects to be correlated with other subjects and not taught in isolation.
C) They endorsed boys and girls taking woodworking, sewing, and cooking.
D) They endorsed the child-centered approach for elementary schooling.
E) They endorsed a subject-centered elementary curriculum and elementary subjects to be correlated with other subjects not taught in isolation.
F) They endorsed boys and girls taking woodworking, sewing, and cooking and endorsed the child-centered approach for elementary schooling.

Question 14

Which of the following were reasons some southern whites opposed universal schooling for African Americans following the Civil War?

A) They feared job competition from educated African Americans.
B) The feared the implications of African Americans passing literacy requirements for voting.
C) They feared being viewed as opponents of the war on poverty.
D) They feared alienating potential future voters.
E) They feared job competition from educated African Americans as well as the implications of them passing literacy requirements for voting.
F) The feared being viewed as opponents of the war on poverty as well as alienating potential future voters.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best summarizes the impact of the Roberts v. City of Boston court case on education?

A) It began the separate but equal concept about schools.
B) Sarah Roberts had to walk past white schools to go to an inferior school for African Americans.
C) The case was decided in 1849.
D) Charles Sumner represented the Roberts family in court.
E) None are correct

Question 16

Race to the Top (RTTT) is best defined as

A) A competitive grant program to states for large-scale educational reforms that result in improved student achievement, narrowed achievement gaps, and increased graduation and college enrollment rates
B) What runners do in the Pikes Peak marathon
C) President Obama's iteration of No Child Left Behind
D) A grant state program to see what states can increase all student achievement rates to at least the 90^th percentile

Question 17

Which of the following provides the best definition of pedagogy?

A) Teaching as a profession with certain methods, techniques, and materials to promote student learning
B) The educational theory that building the powers of the mind through memorization, practice, and recitation develops character and learning
C) The view that intellect, will, and emotions can be trained by a uniform procedure of mental discipline and drill
D) None are correct

Question 18

The 2004 IDEA legislation included provisions for a response to intervention. Which of the following best defines that concept?

A) It is an alternative response to a placement or practice that is not working for a child already identified as eligible to receive special services.
B) It is a written evaluation of the special education program results for each child when they leave school to show the state and federal agencies that their responses appropriately intervened for children's' learning.
C) It is a written response that must be placed in a child's folder of what the consequences were should a parent not comply with the child's approved plan.
D) It is a pre-identification strategy to prevent unnecessary assignment of children to special education services.
E) None are correct

Question 19

Which of the following provides the best definition of mental discipline?

A) Teaching as a profession with certain methods, techniques, and materials to promote student learning
B) The educational theory that building the powers of the mind through memorization, practice, and recitation develops character and learning
C) The view that intellect, will, and emotions can be trained by a uniform procedure of mental discipline and drill
D) None are correct

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the Cardinal Principles Report of 1918?

A) It endorsed an expanded and differentiated high school curriculum that placed equal value on liberal arts education and vocational development.
B) It provided an analysis of the Catholic Church's hierarchy and Catholic schools in the United States.
C) It established the state bird in Virginia.
D) It endorsed a reorganization of the grade structure that was more developmentally appropriate for children and named it the middle school concept.
E) It extended the Committee of 15 recommendations to make subjects more interdisciplinary in nature.

Question 21

Between 1893 and 1918, the National Education Association (NEA) commissioned three education studies. List those studies and explain what their recommendations included.

Question 22

List and explain at least 6 of the 8 design standards for improving teacher evaluation according to the New Teacher Project.

Question 23

If you could form a commission to make recommendations for education change in the United States similar to the Committee of 10, the Committee of 15, and the Cardinal Principles Report, for which three major issues would you want to have the commission's recommendations? Explain your answer fully and include any historical background you have gained from the last two chapters.

Question 24

List and explain at least five of the requirements and services that must be available to students with disabilities.

Question 25

Cite and explain the details of at least three court cases dealing with the issue of separate but equal.

Question 26

List and explain three provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act that were different from earlier Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) provisions.