Deck 13: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Your best friend has been considering therapy. He is interested in learning to deal with the unconscious conflicts and emotions that might affect his behavior. Which of the following therapists would be most likely to help your friend accomplish this?

A)June, a client-centered therapist
B)April, a psychoanalyst
C)Julian, a Gestalt therapist
D)Augusto, a rational-emotive therapist

Answer 1

April, a psychoanalyst

Question 2

Freud was initially interested in hypnosis as a method of treating hysteria but later rejected it as the preferred method of treatment because it

A)lost general credibility in the scientific community.
B)treated only symptoms.
C)was only partially and temporarily effective.
D)inhibited the superego's positive influence on the id.

Answer 2

was only partially and temporarily effective.

Question 3

Sally goes to Lucy for psychotherapy. In Lucy's office, Sally relaxes and says whatever comes to her mind. She also describes her dreams, and Lucy offers interpretations. Lucy claims that these methods help Sally become more aware of her unconscious mind. Lucy is most likely a __________ psychotherapist.

A)humanistic
B)psychodynamic
C)behavioral
D)cognitive

Answer 3

psychodynamic

Question 4

Phani's therapist asks her to report everything that comes to mind no matter how trivial or bizarre it may seem. "Don't worry about whether it is useful or useless, good or bad. Just talk about whatever you are thinking," he says. Phani's therapist is using

A)manifest content.
B)resistance.
C)catharsis.
D)free association.

Question 5

Anna is a neo-Freudian. She believes that personality, as well as the conflicts among the id, ego, and superego, derive from the need for supportive human relationships. She believes that the therapy situation should focus on things that have emotional significance for the client. Anna believes in ________ therapy.

A)object relations
B)interpersonal
C)time-limited dynamic
D)supportive expressive

Question 6

Carlota's therapist encourages her to share her dreams, and then the therapist interprets the dreams for her. The actual dream that Carlota remembers and shares is the ________ content of the dream.

A)analytic
B)transference
C)manifest
D)latent

Question 7

You are looking through a selection of magazines at the bookstore. You are searching for a magazine that discusses the treatment of psychological disorders through psychological methods, such as talking about problems and exploring new ways of thinking and acting. Knowing this, you would be best to select a magazine with which of the following words in the title?

A)Psychotherapy
B)Psychopathology
C)Psychometrics
D)Psychopharmacology

Question 8

Jin's therapist is currently helping her to recognize that she is unknowingly controlled by a need to dominate people. According to Jin's therapist, Jin plays practical jokes, arrives late to appointments, and behaves in an aggressive manner because she is defending against her unconscious feelings of inadequacy. Jin's therapist most likely believes in the __________ approach.

A)behavioral
B)client-centered
C)rational-emotive
D)psychodynamic

Question 9

Professionals who identify themselves as marriage and family therapists, clinical social workers, and licensed professional counselors typically have earned a(n)________ degree.

A)master's
B)doctoral
C)bachelor's
D)associate's

Question 10

In Freud's earliest attempts at helping people overcome hysterical ailments such as blindness and paralysis, he utilized

A)hypnotic suggestions.
B)free association.
C)unconscious processing.
D)drug treatment.

Question 11

Werner is a traditional psychoanalyst and is treating Betty for problems with anxiety. Werner's techniques for treatment would probably involve

A)asking Betty to free associate about the difficulties she has been having lately.
B)reflecting Betty's words to show his interest in her and her difficulties.
C)asking Betty to engage in imaginary dialogues with someone not present to get in touch with her feelings.
D)training Betty in progressive relaxation techniques.

Question 12

During sessions with her analyst, Sheila began to treat him with tenderness and dependence, much like her relationship with her father. Freud called this phenomenon

A)free association.
B)interpersonal therapy.
C)transference.
D)manifest content.

Question 13

Modern psychoanalysis differs from classical (Freudian)psychoanalysis in that there is now

A)more emphasis placed on the influence of unconscious instincts.
B)less emphasis on the problem-solving powers of the ego.
C)a more active role on the part of the therapist and a focus on conflicts in social relationships.
D)less emotional support given to clients.

Question 14

Serdar is interested in psychopathology and wants to go to graduate school and get a doctoral degree, but he has no interest in attending medical school. His choice would most likely lead him toward a career as a

A)clinical social worker.
B)psychiatrist.
C)substance abuse counselor.
D)clinical psychologist.

Question 15

Dr. Lopata favors the object relations methods of psychotherapy. Dr. Lopata's primary goal is to

A)develop a supportive relationship with clients that allows for understanding and correcting problems.
B)establish behavioral contracts that define the client's goals and duties during therapy.
C)teach practical day-to-day skills for living.
D)use hypnosis to help clients remember dreams.

Question 16

In Freudian psychoanalysis, the hidden, symbolic meaning of a dream that must be interpreted by the clinician is the ________ content of that dream.

A)manifest
B)primary
C)tertiary
D)latent

Question 17

Colin usually uses behavior modification and modeling with his patients, but he will occasionally use methods such as dream analysis, nondirective therapy, rational-emotive therapy, and drug therapy. Colin's approach is

A)psychodynamic.
B)eclectic.
C)behavioral.
D)humanistic.

Question 18

All treatments for psychological disorders share certain basic features. Which of the following is not one of these features?

A)A client
B)Attention to unconscious processes
C)A theory about the causes of the client's problems
D)A set of procedures for dealing with client's problems

Question 19

Quincy's therapist prescribed Prozac for Quincy's disorder. The therapist is most likely a

A)licensed professional counselor.
B)clinical social worker.
C)psychiatrist.
D)certified life coach.

Question 20

Gretchen has just been diagnosed with depression, and her therapist prescribed Elavil as an antidepressant. Gretchen's therapist is most likely a

A)psychoanalyst.
B)clinical social worker.
C)psychiatrist.
D)counselor.

Question 21

When the topic of Emma's school major comes up in therapy, Dr. Magrid observes that she crosses her arms and leans back. "I notice that you seem to be moving away and protecting yourself when we talk about this subject," Dr. Magrid says. "You seem to be uncomfortable talking about this even though you asked to discuss the topic." Dr. Magrid is probably a(n)________ therapist.

A)cognitive-behavioral
B)Gestalt
C)phenomenological
D)psychodynamic

Question 22

Because her client has very different beliefs on abortion than her own, Louisa responds to the client by saying, "I hear what you are saying and while I don't agree with it I respect and accept your right to feel this way! I wonder if there is common ground between our different ways of looking at the topic of abortion." Louisa is demonstrating ________ when she is this honest with her with her client.

A)empathy
B)positive regard
C)congruence
D)unbiased support

Question 23

During therapy, Serena's client was talking of how depressed she was when her mother died. Serena made eye contact with her client, nodded her head in an affirming way, leaned toward the client, and said, "It sounds like this was a real trying time for you. I can tell that you must have been very sad and upset by this event." What technique is Serena using?

A)Active listening
B)Free association
C)Paraphrasing
D)Empathy

Question 24

Marsha slumped down into her seat as her therapy session began. Her eyes were red, and it was obvious that she had been crying. When her Gestalt therapist asked her how she was doing, she replied, "Oh, I'm just fine." Marsha's therapist will most likely handle the discrepancy between Marsha's behavior and her response by

A)showing Marsha a series of inkblots, hoping that the inkblots might provide insight as to why Marsha is upset.
B)modeling appropriate behavior that corresponds to the phrase, "Oh, I'm just fine."
C)pointing out the discrepancy to Marsha and not letting her change the topic until she honestly describes how she feels.
D)questioning Marsha about her past to see if she has ever been rewarded for masking her true feelings.

Question 25

At the Nova Clinic, a group of therapists specialize in modern forms of psychoanalysis that focus on helping clients overcome problematic effects that occur after childhood, such as conflicts with a spouse or job loss. Therefore, these therapists are practitioners of __________ therapy.

A)client-centered
B)gestalt
C)interpersonal
D)ego analysis

Question 26

Mario tells his therapist, "I am so confused about what area I want to major in." His therapist says, "So, you seem to be having trouble deciding what to study." Mario's therapist used

A)modeling.
B)reflection.
C)congruence.
D)flooding.

Question 27

Therapist: "I trust your judgment regarding continuation of your treatment. I want to help you become aware of your feelings and actions, but I know you can help yourself. I accept and support your decision." Which psychotherapist is most likely to say this?

A)Psychodynamic
B)Humanistic
C)Biological
D)Behavioral

Question 28

More recent forms of psychoanalysis are categorized as __________. These forms of therapy tend to be less intense than classic psychoanalysis and more appropriate for a broader range of clients.

A)short-term psychodynamic therapy
B)ego analysis
C)Gestalt therapy
D)mindfulness-based therapy

Question 29

Part of client-centered therapy consists of the therapist treating the client as a valued person, regardless of what the client says or does. Approval is not necessary, but acceptance without judgment is. Which of the following therapist attitudes does this describe?

A)Empathy
B)Genuineness
C)Congruence
D)Unconditional positive regard

Question 30

Raphael is a humanistic psychologist who emphasizes a client-centered therapeutic approach. His client, Corion, is coming to the first session of therapy. Raphael will try to

A)develop a checklist of goals for Corion to achieve.
B)keep Corion's attention firmly focused on the here and now.
C)establish a supportive relationship characterized by empathy toward Corion.
D)detect and correct negative cognitive patterns.

Question 31

Psychoanalysis is still used today but often in more flexible, adaptive ways. Which of these alternatives is not a variation on psychoanalysis?

A)interpersonal therapy
B)client-centered therapy
C)short-term psychodynamic therapy
D)object relations therapy

Question 32

A client's body language is most likely to be analyzed by a __________ therapist.

A)Gestalt
B)behavioral
C)psychodynamic
D)client-centered

Question 33

Dr. Schwartz is a humanistic psychologist. Based on this information, there are many things that he believes about his clients. Which of the following is not one of them?

A)Their behavior is motivated by personal growth.
B)Their behavior is motivated by sexual or aggressive drives.
C)They are capable of consciously controlling their own actions.
D)They are responsible for the ways they think and behave.

Question 34

Dr. D. Mento tells Marilyn that the source of her problems lies in her failure to recognize that she has to take responsibility for her own decisions. Dr. D. Mento says he can help her if she recognizes that the key to solving her own problems lies within herself, and not in anyone else. Dr. D. Mento most likely adheres to which approach to treatment?

A)Humanistic
B)Behavioral
C)Cognitive
D)Psychodynamic

Question 35

In the course of therapy, Dr. Smith takes great care to let her clients feel that they are good people no matter what they say or do. Dr. Smith is demonstrating

A)empathy.
B)conditions of worth.
C)reflections of self-worth.
D)unconditional positive regard.

Question 36

Horace's therapist says, "Okay, Horace. In your dream, you saw a wall between you and your children. Talk to that wall, tell that wall how you feel about it." Horace is most likely seeing a __________ therapist.

A)psychodynamic
B)client-centered
C)behavioral
D)Gestalt

Question 37

Theo believes that he is the mythological Norse god, Thor. He enters the client-centered therapist's office, waves a hammer in a threatening manner, and proclaims, "I am the god of thunder! He who does not bow before me will perish!" The client-centered therapist who is using reflection would most likely respond,

A)"Do you like the attention you get when you act like Thor?"
B)"You believe that you are quite powerful."
C)"When did you first realize that you were Thor?"
D)"Thor, could you please ask Odin to come in too? The therapy won't be effective unless your parents are here too."

Question 38

Vaughn is a client-centered therapist who is seeing his first client. If he wants to convey congruence, Vaughn will need to

A)create conditions of worth.
B)paraphrase what the client tells him.
C)be genuine in his interactions with the client.
D)ask the client to engage in imaginary dialogue.

Question 39

If a client was extremely quiet during a session of client-centered therapy, the therapist would most likely say,

A)"What was your relationship with your mother like?"
B)"Perhaps you'd feel more comfortable if we tried social skills training?"
C)"It is okay if you do not choose to talk this week. This time is yours to do with as you wish."
D)"Tell me exactly what thoughts are in your head right now."

Question 40

Dr. Geiser treats her clients as equals. She feels that this is the first step toward helping the client improve. She claims that by making the client feel accepted and encouraged, the foundation has been laid for the client to improve. Dr. Geiser is most likely a __________ psychologist.

A)behavioral
B)humanistic
C)psychodynamic
D)dispositional

Question 41

Ali has a spider phobia. To overcome this phobia, his therapist has him develop a list of least-to-most feared situations involving spiders. Ali engaged in the least-feared situation, looking at spider pictures in a book. Then he moved to looking at a spider from across a room, touching a spider, and finally getting a tarantula as a pet. This method is known as __________, which incorporates __________.

A)systematic desensitization therapy; in vivo exposure
B)progressive relaxation; imaginal exposure
C)behavior modification; modeling
D)punishment; flooding

Question 42

Lola works with clients who are overcoming social phobias. She often models appropriate social behaviors for shopping or meeting new people at a party. Her hope with this kind of __________ is that her clients will feel more comfortable and effective in their daily interactions with others.

A)systematic desensitization therapy
B)social skills training
C)cognitive restructuring
D)in vivo exposure

Question 43

For which of the following phobias would virtual reality graded exposure therapy be most well-advised?

A)heights
B)doorknobs
C)cats
D)bowling pins

Question 44

Dr. Bregel is a behavior therapist. When working with a client, Dr. Bregel seeks to change the client's behavior by

A)using methods such as free-association and dream analysis.
B)helping the client learn more adaptive behaviors.
C)being empathic and reflective.
D)gaining insight into their childhood origins.

Question 45

When Super Instructor first started teaching, he was terrified of speaking in front of groups. As he began his first lecture, he was so nervous that his voice shook and he felt close to tears. By the end of the lecture, he was calm. His experience is an example of the __________ technique, which is based on __________.

A)systematic desensitization therapy; classical conditioning
B)flooding; classical conditioning
C)systematic desensitization therapy; extinction
D)flooding; extinction

Question 46

Magdalena works with teens at the juvenile detention center. She helps the teen's practice skills that will help them integrate back into school more effectively. The teens are rewarded when they follow specific rules for appropriate behaviors. This system operates primarily on the use of

A)flooding.
B)transference.
C)congruence.
D)positive reinforcement.

Question 47

Pedro is afraid of crossing bridges. A psychologist helps Pedro by first letting him look at bridges and then having him imagine himself standing near a bridge while being in a safe, relaxing environment. Next, the psychologist has Pedro watch a video of a man crossing a bridge in a car and then has him imagine himself crossing that bridge. Eventually, Pedro is able to stay relaxed while he drives over a bridge. This process is called

A)systematic desensitization therapy.
B)imagining assertiveness.
C)modeling.
D)image therapy.

Question 48

A young child is suffering from a life-threatening disorder in which he involuntarily regurgitates all food. When no other therapies work, the child is given electric shock to eliminate his vomiting behavior. The electric shock is a form of

A)systematic desensitization therapy.
B)positive reinforcement.
C)punishment.
D)covert sensitization.

Question 49

You are afraid of tunnels. Your therapist first helps you to deeply relax and then asks you to imagine a distant tunnel. When you can stay relaxed while visualizing this image, the therapist then asks you to imagine nearing the entrance, and finally entering the tunnel. Eventually, when you can remain relaxed while imagining all of this, the therapist takes you through a short tunnel. This list of increasingly fear-provoking situations is known as

A)assertiveness training.
B)stress-inoculation therapy.
C)a token economy program.
D)a desensitization hierarchy.

Question 50

Zelda is a junior high school teacher. When a student acts up, she prefers to modify the student's behavior with the use of extinction. Therefore, Zelda is most likely going to

A)demonstrate an appropriate behavior for the student.
B)present an unpleasant stimulus.
C)eliminate reinforcement of the misbehavior.
D)reward the student for appropriate behaviors.

Question 51

The most significant difference between client-centered and Gestalt therapies is that Gestalt therapy

A)incorporates more direct and dramatic methods.
B)utilizes more free association techniques.
C)does not include imaginary dialogue and role playing.
D)has an eclectic approach to therapy.

Question 52

Alice has severe behavioral problems at school, including throwing her books on the floor and spitting on the floor. To reduce these problems, Alice's teacher gives her one plastic chip for each socially appropriate behavior that Alice displays. At the end of the week, Alice can trade in the chips she has earned for a prize. Alice's teacher is using which of the following treatment methods?

A)A token economy program
B)Aversion conditioning
C)Flooding
D)Modeling

Question 53

Behavior therapy relies mainly on __________ conditioning, while behavior modification relies mainly on __________ conditioning.

A)operant; classical
B)primary; secondary
C)secondary; primary
D)classical; operant

Question 54

A group home for teenage juvenile offenders requires each girl to participate in twice-weekly group sessions with a counselor, to perform a daily chore, and to set monthly goals for herself. The girls earn a specified number of points each day for accomplishing these activities. At the end of each week, the girls are allowed to trade their points for candy, television time, or a day trip into town. This type of setting is called a

A)token economy program.
B)model economy.
C)participant institution.
D)reinforcement setting.

Question 55

Molly is very timid and often taken advantage of by others. She seeks psychotherapy to help her overcome this problem. You recommend that she see a behavioral therapist who will help her learn to be more direct and expressive in social situations and to stand up for her own rights. This special form of therapy is sometimes called

A)assertiveness training.
B)aggressiveness training.
C)a token economic program.
D)transference.

Question 56

Mrs. Burger decides to take her son Neal to a psychologist because he constantly picks his nose in public. Which of the following would be emphasized in a behavioral assessment of Neal's problem?

A)Internal conflicts about identity
B)The frequency of nose-picking behavior
C)Feelings about authority figures
D)Unconscious hostility toward his siblings

Question 57

Becci is extremely afraid of snakes. Her therapist puts her in a room full of snakes and doesn't allow her to leave for several hours. When Becci leaves the room, she is no longer afraid of snakes. Becci's therapist helped her overcome her snake phobia through the use of __________, which is a technique used by __________ therapists.

A)aversion therapy; Gestalt
B)aversion therapy; biological
C)flooding; behavioral
D)flooding; psychodynamic

Question 58

To help Jenny with her depression, her therapist instructs her to replace her thought, "I must be perfect," with the thought, "I'm a good person and I'm doing the best I can." This technique is most consistent with the assumptions of __________ therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive behavior
C)client-centered
D)object relations

Question 59

"Don't worry about the hidden meanings behind your psychological problems. Just change the way you think and act about them, and you'll get better." This statement best summarizes which therapeutic approach?

A)Gestalt
B)Humanistic
C)Psychodynamic
D)Cognitive behavior

Question 60

Super Nanny is visiting the Niemann household to assist in eliminating little Alex's temper tantrums. Super Nanny decides to set up rules that specify what behaviors will be strengthened or rewarded. Super Nanny has implemented a behavioral technique called

A)positive reinforcement.
B)exposure therapy.
C)assertiveness training.
D)extinction.

Question 61

Which individual developed the techniques of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)?

A)Perls
B)Beck
C)Wolpe
D)Ellis

Question 62

Which of the following statements regarding the benefits of group therapy is false ?

A)Group therapy tends to raise each client's expectations for improvement.
B)The group experience makes clients more willing to share their feelings.
C)Participants in group therapy deal with their problems without the aid of therapists.
D)Group therapy allows clients to try out new skills in a supportive environment.

Question 63

Shemp feels sad because people don't think he is as good a comedian as Moe. In talking to his therapist, Shemp discovers that his belief that everyone should adore him is self-defeating. Therapy that identifies and replaces such thoughts is most likely __________ therapy.

A)community
B)Gestalt
C)psychodynamic
D)rational-emotive behavior

Question 64

Group therapy is often helpful to a client because

A)it reduces the therapist's case load.
B)addresses alliances that prevent healthy communication.
C)other group members serve as sources of social support for one another.
D)it allows family conflicts to surface and be addressed.

Question 65

Your therapist is helping you to overcome irrational thoughts you have developed. Specifically, he asks you to complete "homework" to help you challenge your false beliefs. Your therapist likely adheres to the principles of __________ therapy.

A)object relations
B)Beck's cognitive
C)client-centered
D)Gestalt

Question 66

When Tommy caught his son Gil smoking a cigarette, he sat in a seat in the garage and told him "you may not get up until you've smoked this entire pack of cigarettes." After the 20th cigarette, Gil was so sick that he promised he'd never smoke again. Tommy is using ________ to teach his son not to smoke.

A)aversion conditioning
B)positive reinforcement
C)in vivo graduated exposure
D)virtual reality therapy

Question 67

According to the textbook, group therapy typically involves at least ____ clients working together with a professional therapist.

A)3
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 68

An individual who has the faulty belief that getting into medical school is the only possible way to have a happy, fulfilling life and who without going to medical school has no reason to live would have this faulty belief directly attacked by the therapist in __________ therapy.

A)punishment
B)rational-emotive behavior
C)psychoanalytic
D)client-centered

Question 69

Before Dr. Frank Castle may use punishment as a therapeutic means of eliminating a disruptive behavior, he is required by ethical and legal guidelines to ask himself if

A)electroconvulsive therapy is the only alternative.
B)the client's life is in danger without the treatment.
C)the benefits of the approach are based on scientific evidence.
D)the client has the agreed consent of at least one other therapist.

Question 70

A therapist and client are working together to identify the client's false beliefs and cognitive distortions. The therapist and client then plan tasks that will allow them to test the client's thoughts and beliefs. The therapist and client are most likely using __________ therapy.

A)client-centered
B)object relations
C)Beck's cognitive
D)Gestalt

Question 71

In couple's therapy, Tom and Geraldine hope to salvage their difficult marriage. Tom and Geraldine should expect all of the following from couples therapy except

A)learning to abide by rules of talking.
B)recovering from fights by expressing more positive statements.
C)learning how to deal with unsolvable problems.
D)discussing best practices with other couples in the group sessions.

Question 72

Which of the following is a component of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

A)hatha yoga
B)free association
C)meditation
D)hypnosis

Question 73

Which of the following statements would be an example of Beck's concept of catastrophizing?

A)"If I fail this exam I'm probably never going to graduate from college."
B)"It doesn't matter if most people like me. If even one dislikes me there must be something wrong with me."
C)"If you are not totally on my side then you must be my enemy."
D)"You were laughing when I walked in. You must be laughing at me!"

Question 74

Nam has been learning to reduce his test anxiety by using cognitive restructuring. Which of the following thoughts would be an example of a successful application of his therapy?

A)"I will probably fail this test, so I may as well not worry about it."
B)"If I fail I'll probably need to withdraw from the class."
C)"All I want is to do the best job that I can on this test."
D)"I will talk to my friends about my problems more often, instead of keeping them bottled up inside."

Question 75

Usually when Parker goes into an exam, he thinks, "What a dummy I am, always studying the wrong things." This time, however, Parker tries thinking, "I studied some of the right things, and I will do the best I can." Parker is engaging in

A)a defense mechanism.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)repression.
D)cognitive restructuring.

Question 76

Bob's therapist designs a program to help him quit drinking. Specifically, he gives him a medication that induces nausea each time Bob drinks an alcoholic beverage. Bob's therapist is using a behavioral technique known as

A)modeling.
B)aversion conditioning.
C)extinction.
D)flooding.

Question 77

During their therapy session, it is clear to Dr. Brennan that Seeley has some illogical beliefs. Whenever he sees someone laughing, he's convinced they are laughing at him. He also harbors the notion that everyone dislikes him when they initially meet him as a follower of Beck's therapy approach, Dr. Brennan plans to help Seeley confront his

A)latent content.
B)cognitive distortions.
C)incongruence.
D)loose associations.

Question 78

Carlos is an adolescent who has antisocial tendencies. His father threatens to "beat some sense" into Carlos the way his father beat sense into him. Carlos retorts, "If you think your father is so great, why haven't you spoken to him in five years?" Which therapy format would probably work best in this situation?

A)Rational-emotive behavior therapy
B)Family therapy
C)Social skills training
D)Gestalt therapy

Question 79

Chuck has a fear of teddy bears. Every time he gets near a teddy bear, he has panic attacks. His therapist has a few tiny teddy bears in her office and has shown Chuck how to hold a teddy bear and not become afraid of it. Chuck practices holding a tiny teddy bear at home. What behavioral technique is Chuck's therapist using?

A)Systematic desensitization therapy
B)Positive reinforcement
C)Assertiveness training
D)Modeling

Question 80

Alex and Tricia have been married for two years. Recently they felt like they have grown apart. Alex and Tricia plan to attend couples therapy because they know the main goal is to

A)deemphasize how they express their emotions.
B)determine who is most responsible.
C)improve their communication.
D)boost each other's self-confidence.