Deck 14: Social Psychology

Question 1

Kramer tells Elaine that he is dominating the mat at his karate dojo. He feels great about being much better than all of his sparring mates. When Elaine goes to watch him, she realizes that he is the only adult. The other karate students are children! Kramer is demonstrating

A)actor-observer effect.
B)a temporal comparison.
C)relative deprivation.
D)downward social comparison.

Answer 1

downward social comparison.

Question 2

Dr. Sven Gali researches the role of self-esteem in peoples' lives. Dr. Gali is interested in how self-esteem relates to the terror management theory, which is based on the notion that humans are the only creatures capable of

A)thinking about the future and their own mortality.
B)using language to communicate with others.
C)manipulating thoughts in a logical manner.
D)building physical structures for safety.

Answer 2

thinking about the future and their own mortality.

Question 3

Chandra belongs to a sorority that is full of intelligent, hard-working, and attractive women. Based on her evaluation of herself relative to her sorority sisters, she considers herself to be about average. Chandra is using __________ in her evaluation of herself.

A)relative deprivation
B)social comparison
C)social facilitation
D)a schema

Answer 3

social comparison

Question 4

When Cassie failed her physics exam, she felt like a failure in every aspect of her life-as a daughter, a student, and a friend. This belief of herself reflects Cassie's

A)self-serving bias.
B)social identity.
C)relative deprivation.
D)self-esteem.

Question 5

The mental processes associated with how people perceive and react to other individuals and groups are known as social

A)cognition.
B)referencing.
C)psychology.
D)comparison.

Question 6

Uncle Scrooge has been reflecting recently on how worthy he feels as a member of society and as a member of his family. In doing so, Uncle Scrooge is thinking about his

A)self-esteem.
B)conditions of worth.
C)social identity.
D)reference group.

Question 7

Gloria is a psychologist who studies the influence of other people on an individual's behaviors and mental processes. Gloria is most likely a __________ psychologist.

A)developmental
B)biological
C)quantitative
D)social

Question 8

Punjit works at a button-sorting factory. He feels bad that he can sort only twenty buttons a minute, when the average worker can sort thirty. To feel better about himself, Punjit compares his performance with Brant, who can sort only ten buttons a minute. This is an example of

A)downward social comparison.
B)unrealistic optimism.
C)the actor-observer effect.
D)the fundamental attribution error.

Question 9

On her first day of kindergarten, Ramona watches some third-graders practice arithmetic at recess. She thinks they are much smarter than she is and that she will never be able to pass third grade. Ramona's thinking demonstrates

A)downward social comparison.
B)relative deprivation.
C)upward social comparison.
D)conditions of worth.

Question 10

Caleb is giving a presentation on the benefits of self-esteem as it relates to coping with death. Caleb states that increased self-esteem may

A)act as a buffer against anxiety and negative feelings.
B)provide emotional, but few cognitive, benefits.
C)produce an internal positive feedback system.
D)induce compliance in the face of anxiety.

Question 11

A paper titled "The effect of the individual on the group, and vice versa" would most likely have been written by a(n)__________ psychologist.

A)cognitive
B)experimental
C)clinical
D)social

Question 12

The process of comparing yourself to people who you perceive to be doing much better than you are is called ________ social comparison.

A)upward
B)conceptual
C)downward
D)reference-based

Question 13

Steven recently learned that he has a rare form of terminal cancer. According to terror management theory, Steven may cope with his anxiety about death by reviewing his personal accomplishments in an effort to maintain his

A)self-concept.
B)personal identity.
C)social identity.
D)self-esteem.

Question 14

Jeremy says that he is very smart and athletic. This is his __________. However, he thinks that these traits are useless, so he doesn't value himself. This is his __________.

A)defined personality; implicit personality
B)self-concept; self-esteem
C)implicit personality; defined personality
D)self-esteem; self-concept

Question 15

"I might not be the best, but at least I'm not as bad as those people!" Such a statement might help preserve a person's self-esteem through ________.

A)upward social comparison
B)social loafing
C)downward social comparison
D)groupthink

Question 16

Kathy Lee has decided to leave Regis, but is afraid the news will leave him highly anxious and depressed. What should Kathy Lee do before telling Regis that she is leaving to lessen the impact of her decision?

A)Play an intense game of racquetball with Regis
B)Criticize Regis by making fun of his ties
C)Compliment Regis's rugged good looks to boost his self-esteem
D)Distract him by telling him a story about her son Cody

Question 17

The people you compare yourself with are beautiful, popular, brilliant, and successful. Next to them you feel drab, dull, and stupid. In order to feel better about yourself, you might consider changing your

A)objective physical criteria.
B)norm of reciprocity.
C)reference group.
D)schema.

Question 18

When you meet someone for the first time, you both usually form impressions of each other fairly quickly. This is an example of

A)reciprocal causality.
B)the mere exposure effect.
C)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)social cognition.

Question 19

Gillian has been earning $1 million a year, starring in a television show, and is the highest-paid actress on that network. However, several actors on other shows, less highly rated than hers, make $5 million a year. To keep from resenting this situation, she should

A)compare herself to a different reference group.
B)complain privately to her friends.
C)work harder to earn as much as her castmates.
D)complain publicly so that she will get a raise.

Question 20

Rodney wonders whether he is an attractive and intelligent individual. Because there are no objective criteria for attractiveness and intelligence, Rodney will have to evaluate himself in relation to others in a process known as

A)social comparison.
B)relative deprivation.
C)social identity.
D)cognitive dissonance.

Question 21

You ask a new acquaintance to tell you something about himself. The acquaintance would be indicating a social identity if he replied,

A)"I am a hard worker."
B)"I am a good sport."
C)"I am an American."
D)"I am shy around others."

Question 22

You took one look at Serge and thought he was bright, caring, and understanding. Your behaviors subtly brought out those qualities in Serge. How can this best be explained?

A)Fundamental attribution error
B)Self-fulfilling prophecy
C)Confirmation bias
D)Actor-observer effect

Question 23

Matthew is sure that his calculus teacher, Dr. Ybarra, is going to be a bad teacher. He does not believe that women can be particularly good at math. As a result Matthew fools around in class and frustrates Dr. Ybarra to the point where she stops teaching as passionately as she otherwise might. Matthew tells his friends, "I told you she couldn't teach math well!" This is an example of a(n)

A)internal downward social comparison.
B)fundamental attribution error.
C)actor-observer bias.
D)self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 24

What is true with respect to first impressions?

A)They are formed slowly.
B)They typically have short-lasting influence.
C)They are based on a lot of information.
D)They usually only change slowly, if at all.

Question 25

Ivan, a teacher, spends most of his time working with male students because he believes that they have the best chance of being admitted into the advanced program. As a result, the male students perform better and are admitted more often than females. This example illustrates

A)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)a self-serving bias hypothesis.
C)prejudice without discrimination.
D)the contact hypothesis.

Question 26

You are told that a new student, Derek, is hard to get along with because he is self-centered and disrespectful of others. When a friend introduces you to him, Derek says hello and then turns to talk to your friend. You now think Derek is really insensitive. Why do you interpret the situation in this way?

A)The circumstances match what you already know about Derek.
B)The new evidence about Derek overrides your lack of prejudice.
C)The circumstances are inconsistent with prior information about Derek.
D)The prior information about Derek always carries more weight in impression formation.

Question 27

You meet your best friend's spouse, Kendra, for the first time at a party. Because of Kendra's behavior at the party, you decide that she is arrogant, self-centered, and impolite. The next time you meet her she is doing volunteer work for your church. Can you easily change your impression of Kendra? Why?

A)Yes, because your cognitive schema for Kendra is new and thus can easily incorporate conflicting information.
B)Yes, because your first impression of Kendra was formed using behaviors that must be displayed over an extended length of time.
C)No, because your first impression is long-lasting, and you will tend to interpret new information about Kendra in a way that is consistent with your original impression.
D)No, because a change in your impression of Kendra will alter your self-perception, causing you to experience cognitive dissonance.

Question 28

Generalizations about categories of objects, places, events, and people are called ________.

A)concepts
B)exemplars
C)scripts
D)schemas

Question 29

When Rolla met Roaa at a benefit dinner, he thought she was lovely and charming; he liked her very much. A few days later, when Roaa rudely demanded a refund for her dinner, Rolla most likely __________ his impression of her because __________.

A)changed; he realized how wrong he was
B)changed; positive impressions are easily changed
C)did not change; first impressions are difficult to change
D)did not change; he is unreasonable and stubborn

Question 30

At a conference, you meet someone who immediately gives you a bad first impression. The process that you went through to quickly interpret information, form an impression, and draw conclusions is known as

A)social perception.
B)attribution.
C)social discrimination.
D)attitude.

Question 31

In presidential election campaigns, many television ads focus on the "negatives" of an opponent. Campaign managers are obviously aware that when people are forming impressions,

A)they tend to give others the benefit of the doubt.
B)self-serving biases are often influential.
C)negative information tends to be more important than positive information.
D)they tend to believe what they see and hear on television over what they read in newspapers and hear on the radio.

Question 32

Ben has been set up on a blind date. He knows his date works as a counselor, so when they meet, he pays special attention to how she talks to him, her body language, and her tone of voice. He's concerned she will interact with him as if he is a patient. Ben's reaction demonstrates the power that __________ have on our perception of others.

A)mere-exposures
B)schemas
C)attribution errors
D)illusory correlations

Question 33

When Sepine was introduced to Laurence at the local gym, she thought he was arrogant and rude. She didn't like him. The next day, when Laurence walked over and nicely offered to help her with the barbells, Sepine most likely __________ her impression of him because __________.

A)changed; positive information carries more weight than negative information in shaping impressions
B)changed; negative impressions are easily changed
C)did not change; negative information carries more weight than positive information in shaping impressions
D)did not change; she is unreasonable and stubborn

Question 34

While talking to his therapist, Bobby says, "I always feel tense. I just don't quite know where I fit into the groups to which I belong!" His therapist says, "It appears as if your therapy is succeeding, as you just correctly defined the __________ theory."

A)social identity
B)self-perception
C)social comparison
D)self-fulfilling

Question 35

Tamara is excited when she first meets Aisha, her new roommate. Tamara gets the impression that Aisha is nice, honest, and dedicated to her friends. According to your text, which of the following is not true of Tamara's impression of Aisha?

A)Tamara based her impression on schemas.
B)If Aisha had acted negatively at first, Tamara would assume she was unfriendly.
C)Over time, it will be difficult for Tamara to change her initial impression of Aisha.
D)Positive information would have a greater impact on Tamara's impression than negative information would have.

Question 36

Maggie was raised in an Irish-Catholic home; she is very proud of her heritage and pleased when she hears that other Irish-Catholics are successful. Being Irish-Catholic is part of Maggie's __________ identity.

A)group
B)personal
C)schematic
D)unified

Question 37

An interviewer for a large corporation receives three very poor responses from a job applicant in the first ten minutes of the interview. The applicant then provides excellent answers during the last twenty minutes of the interview. According to what we know about impression formation, the interviewer will most likely

A)hire the applicant.
B)remain undecided.
C)reject the applicant.
D)hire the applicant but insist there be an extended probation period.

Question 38

A process in which an initial impression of a person causes us to behave in ways that bring out behaviors that confirm that initial impression is called a(n)________.

A)self-fulfilling prophecy
B)actor-observer heuristic
C)social identity bidirectionality
D)self-serving bias

Question 39

Maya was told that her new roommate, Puja, is a lazy slob who won't clean up after herself. When Puja moves in, Maya begins to clean obsessively. While Puja does indeed try to clean up after herself, Maya never really gives her a chance to do so. Eventually, Puja stops trying and simply lets Maya do all the cleaning. This is an example of

A)the self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)the matching hypothesis.
C)cognitive dissonance.
D)impression management.

Question 40

When you ask your new friend, Baxter, about himself, he replies that he is part of the marching band. This answer is part of Baxter's __________ identity.

A)personal
B)social
C)independent
D)relative

Question 41

Lori, a person with whom you are not friends, volunteers at the local hospital. You assume that she is volunteering so that she will look good on her college applications. However, when your best friend adamantly refuses to volunteer his time, you assume it is because he is so busy with all of the other activities in his life. Which of the following attributional errors does this situation illustrate?

A)Actor-observer effect
B)Ultimate attribution error
C)Unrealistic optimism
D)Fundamental attribution error

Question 42

Your roommate Perry is often cranky. One night you overhear Perry yelling at someone on his cell phone. You conclude that Perry is being his irritable self again and feel bad for the person he's talking to. You have made a(n)__________ attribution for Perry's behavior.

A)unified
B)differentiated
C)external
D)internal

Question 43

Devin is running to catch a bus when he sees a person trip and fall. As Devin is getting on the bus, he sees another man walk right past the person in need of help. Devin thinks to himself, "I can't believe that man didn't help that person. He is really a selfish person. I would have helped, if I hadn't been in such a hurry." He is displaying

A)actor-observer effect.
B)fundamental attribution error.
C)unique invulnerability bias.
D)ultimate attribution error.

Question 44

Felipe always drives over the speed limit, and he never wears a seat belt. When Felipe's mom tells him that he should be more careful, he responds by saying, "I am not going to have an accident." Although statistics show that people in Felipe's age group are more likely to get into a car accident, Felipe believes nothing bad will happen to him. This is an example of

A)self-serving bias.
B)unrealistic optimism.
C)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)personal attribution.

Question 45

Which of the following people is not demonstrating unrealistic optimism?

A)Zhenya, who drives aggressively because she knows she can handle her car well.
B)Joy, who engages in unsafe sex but always asks her partners if they are disease-free.
C)Betty, who thinks she will get a scholarship because she is her school's valedictorian.
D)Yuri, who knows he won't get cancer because he doesn't smoke.

Question 46

Your new housemate comes home from on-campus registration, throws his coat angrily on the floor, goes to his room, and slams the door without greeting you. You conclude that your housemate is a hostile, unfriendly person. Your conclusion is the result of

A)self-serving bias.
B)the fundamental attribution error.
C)situational bias.
D)cognitive reappraisal.

Question 47

Zewde is usually very friendly and outgoing. She is typically polite to others and always leaves a large tip when she goes out to eat. Earlier today, however, you saw her yell at a waiter at a local restaurant. You also noticed that other customers yelled at this waiter. According to the fundamentals of attribution theory, you are likely to make a(n)__________ attribution for Zewde's behavior.

A)external
B)internal
C)differentiated
D)unified

Question 48

Barry received an A on his first group project. He believes this grade is the result of his superior intelligence and hard work. He received a D on his second group project, and he attributes this grade to the other group members' poor work and stupidity. What attributional error is Barry demonstrating?

A)The fundamental attribution error
B)A self-serving bias
C)The actor-observer effect
D)Unrealistic optimism

Question 49

Bauer and McKinley elementary schools are involved in a canned food drive to see which school donates the most cans to a local homeless shelter. Alan, a student at Bauer elementary, says, "All the kids at McKinley elementary are just donating so they can win the contest. We're donating to help feed the homeless!" Alan's comment demonstrates

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)unrealistic optimism.
C)actor-observer effect.
D)the ultimate attribution error.

Question 50

Terranceis watching the Olympics at his home in Montreal, Quebec. Whenever his country wins an event, Terrance boasts about the skills and talents of the Canadian athletes. Whenever another country wins an event, he claims that the athletes of that country "got lucky." Terrance is demonstrating

A)the actor-observer effect.
B)how people tend to attribute the behaviors of ingroups and outgroups differently.
C)an illusory correlation between the teams' skills and their nationality.
D)how reference groups can be compared based on schemas.

Question 51

Vendela believes she did poorly on her driver's exam because she was too busy with other responsibilities to practice enough. However, she believes the other low scorers did poorly because they are bad drivers. Vendela's reasoning demonstrates the

A)actor-observer effect.
B)ultimate attribution error.
C)self-serving bias.
D)consensus bias.

Question 52

Regina believes she did well in her psychology class because she is smart but blames her poor performance in chemistry on her "incompetent instructor." Regina's reasoning demonstrates the

A)self-serving bias.
B)consensus bias.
C)actor-observer effect.
D)ultimate attribution error.

Question 53

In the newspaper, Rex rated the movie The Big Baloo as "a waste of money." What would make you decide that Rex's review was due to characteristics of Rex and his poor judgment?

A)Few critics hated this movie, and Rex usually likes all movies.
B)Few critics hated this movie, and Rex usually hates all movies.
C)Most critics hated this movie, and Rex usually likes all movies.
D)Most critics hated this movie, and Rex usually hates all movies.

Question 54

The tendency to attribute others' behaviors to internal factors, particularly in the absence of adequate information with which to make a judgment, is called the ________ error.

A)fundamental attribution
B)actor-observer
C)ultimate attribution
D)representativeness

Question 55

Ogun is at a football game. He watches a receiver fumble an easy pass. If Ogun is making the fundamental attribution error, he is most likely to remark that the player

A)was affected by the lights.
B)does not receive enough money.
C)was distracted by some fan.
D)is not a good receiver.

Question 56

When we attribute the positive attributes of a people from a different racial, cultural, or ethnic group to external causes, but attribute those individuals' negative attributes to internal causes, we are making the ________ error.

A)actor-observer
B)fundamental attribution
C)self-serving
D)ultimate attribution

Question 57

The tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors but one's failures to external attributions is called the

A)the ultimate attribution error.
B)self-serving bias.
C)social referencing effect.
D)upward social comparative bias.

Question 58

The assumption that a person's behavior is due to some characteristic of their own identity or personality is a(n)________ attribution.

A)situational
B)fundamental
C)external
D)internal

Question 59

Reece is talking with her friends about what they are likely to experience in their first year of college. Although her health and academic abilities are normal, Reece thinks that she is more likely to get good grades and less likely to get the flu than the average college student. This is an example of

A)social referencing.
B)unrealistic optimism.
C)the actor-observer effect.
D)a self-serving bias.

Question 60

The tendency to attribute other's behaviors to internal causes while attributing one's own behavior to external causes is the

A)actor-observer effect.
B)fundamental attribution error.
C)reciprocity effect.
D)availability heuristic.

Question 61

Calisha is watching a commercial for asthma medicine. Calisha has asthma and is very interested in this product. She pays close attention to the commercial and rationally thinks about its message. According to the elaboration likelihood model, whether Calisha is persuaded by the message depends on

A)the quality of the arguments in the message.
B)the physical attractiveness of the spokesperson.
C)the confidence of the spokesperson.
D)whether the spokesperson is a doctor.

Question 62

A Dean at of the University of Illinois is interested in changing students' attitudes about drinking. According to your textbook, students who use the peripheral route to attitude change will be most likely influenced by

A)the irrefutability of the argument.
B)the validity of the argument.
C)the characteristics of the person delivering the message.
D)whether the speaker leaves out pertinent information.

Question 63

Arwen is frustrated and unhappy about society's inability to reduce crime and believes that social factors like poverty, discrimination, and lack of education contribute to the problem. Which component of Arwen's attitude has not been described?

A)Affective
B)Behavioral
C)Cognitive
D)Peripheral

Question 64

Cameron is planning to buy his first car. He considers this an important decision because he has never spent such a large amount of money before. According to the elaboration likelihood model, Cameron will be most influenced by __________ while watching and reading car advertisements.

A)heuristics
B)persuasion cues
C)statements of price
D)the quality of the arguments

Question 65

Several years ago, Lesley thought there was no reason for anyone to need personal technological devices like PDAs and cell phones. However, just by being around them for a few years, Lesley's attitude changed and she now even owns a cell phone. Her increasingly positive attitude toward personal technological devices demonstrates

A)the mere-exposure effect.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)the actor-observer effect.
D)social referencing.

Question 66

Carlos strongly believes that the rights of homosexuals should be protected, but he is not actively campaigning for this cause. What is a possible reason for the discrepancy between the affective and cognitive aspects and the behavior component of Carlos's attitude?

A)Direct experience may cause Carlos to be comfortable with inconsistency.
B)Carlos may monitor his behavior too closely.
C)Social pressure may cause Carlos to suppress the behavioral aspects of his attitude.
D)Carlos may have too much perceived control.

Question 67

Jim and Bob both have negative attitudes toward review sessions. Jim's instructor explains that review sessions can help to focus study efforts. Jim thinks carefully about this explanation and then changes his attitude using the __________ route to attitude change. Bob's instructor also tells him that review sessions are useful. Bob doesn't think much about the explanation, but he is impressed by his instructor's confidence and thinks that she is very intelligent so he changes his attitude using the __________ route to attitude change.

A)peripheral; central
B)central; peripheral
C)peripheral; peripheral
D)central; central

Question 68

Bill is thoughtful and likes to mull over ideas. Ted is uncomfortable with uncertainty. If you are trying to change their attitudes about an important referendum on the November ballot, you would be best to use __________ on Bill and __________ on Ted.

A)cognitive dissonance; self-perception
B)self-perception; cognitive dissonance
C)the central route; the peripheral route
D)the peripheral route; the central route

Question 69

Commercials that use attractive models or celebrities to persuade viewers to buy the products are using the __________ route to attitude change.

A)central
B)elaborate
C)peripheral
D)attention-grabbing

Question 70

Marco believes that it is very important to vote. He finds it difficult to find the time to vote on election day, but he does go to vote. Marco's belief about voting represents the __________ component of his attitude, and his presence at the polls represents the __________ component of his attitude.

A)behavioral; cognitive
B)affective; cognitive
C)cognitive; behavioral
D)affective; behavioral

Question 71

Marcus and Chelsea are having their usual Monday night meeting. As usual, Chelsea is trying to get through their agenda items quickly to make it home to see Star Trek . Marcus hates Star Trek and thinks Chelsea is wasting her time. As a result, he is purposefully prolonging the meeting. Which of the following statements is accurate with respect to the components of their attitudes?

A)Marcus's dislike of Star Trek is the affective component of his attitude.
B)Marcus's attempts to prolong the meeting is the competitive component of his attitude.
C)Chelsea's liking of Star Trek is the behavioral component of her attitude.
D)Chelsea's trying to get through the meeting quickly is the cognitive component of her attitude.

Question 72

When a child is rewarded for stating a particular view, her or his attitude about that object or concept is influenced. This shows the importance of __________ in attitude formation.

A)operant conditioning
B)the mere-exposure effect
C)observational learning
D)classical conditioning

Question 73

Batman and Penguin are running in the mayoral race for Gotham City. Batman decides to focus on the issues that will keep Gotham City safe and prosperous, rather than throw parties and hand out buttons like Penguin. According to the elaboration likelihood model of attitude change, Batman is hoping to persuade voters using the __________ route.

A)behavioral
B)central
C)affective
D)peripheral

Question 74

Jim has negative attitudes toward exam review sessions. Jim's instructor explains that review sessions can help to focus study efforts. Jim thinks carefully about this explanation and then changes his attitude using the __________ route to attitude change.

A)facilitation
B)central
C)dissonance
D)peripheral

Question 75

Cory believes in the validity of the following statement: "Early to bed, early to rise, makes one healthy, wealthy, and wise." He feels happy when he thinks about this habit and its consequences. He goes to bed early and gets up early every morning. Which of the following is the cognitive component of Cory's attitude?

A)Cory's belief in the validity of the statement
B)Cory's happy feeling with regard to the statement
C)Cory's habit of going to bed and getting up early
D)Cory's resulting health, wealth, and wisdom

Question 76

Kelly is a graduate student who is studying relationships. After interviewing over 100 dating couples, she noticed that a large number of these couples actually grew up together in the same neighborhood. This is not surprising to you because of your understanding of

A)balanced relationships.
B)imbalanced relationships.
C)the mere-exposure effect.
D)self-serving biases.

Question 77

Which of the following is not a component of an attitude?

A)Cognitive
B)Biological
C)Affective
D)Behavioral

Question 78

The WeMakeStupidJunk Company knows that their products are basically useless and just for gags, so they make sure that their commercials air on television several dozen times each day. Some people get sick of them, but others take more interest in their products by being exposed to them more often. This is an example of

A)the actor-observer bias.
B)the mere-exposure effect.
C)ingroup favoritism.
D)a means-end analysis.

Question 79

Israel believes that helping the host clean up after a party is the right thing to do. However, he really hates cleaning, and the mess makes him feel disgusted, so he usually does not help. In other words, the cognitive component of Israel's attitude toward cleaning is inconsistent with both the __________ and __________ components.

A)direct experience; affective
B)perceived control; behavioral
C)affective; behavioral
D)affective; emotional

Question 80

Barbara believes that Barney is ridiculous and does nothing to educate children. When she sees children watching Barney on TV she feels angry and switches the channel. What is the affective component of Barbara's attitude toward Barney?

A)Her belief that Barney does not educate children
B)Her belief that Barney is ridiculous
C)Her switching of the channel
D)Her anger at seeing children watching Barney