Deck 23: Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection

Question 1

The medication megestrol acetate can improve appetite and increase weight in HIV patients.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Increased intake of processed meats has been associated with which type of cancer?

A) stomach
B) liver
C) prostate
D) gall bladder
E) colon

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Obese women have a higher risk of breast cancer than lean women because:

A) excess adipose tissue raises levels of estrogen in the body.
B) obese women eat high-fat diets.
C) lean women exercise more.
D) obese women often go through menopause earlier than lean women.
E) lean women have higher estrogen levels after menopause.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Nutrition-related factors may increase or decrease the risk of developing cancer.

Question 5

What factor has been associated with incidence of stomach cancer?

A) a lcohol
B) a bdominal fat
C) i ntake of salt-preserved foods
D) i ncreased calcium intake
E) r ed meat intake

Question 6

Consumption of _____ may actually decrease the risk of prostate cancer.

A) milk and dairy products
B) tomato products
C) citrus fruits
D) whole grains
E) folate-containing foods

Question 7

Most often, cancer is caused by interactions between a person's genes and environmental agents.

Question 8

Patients have a right to refuse medical treatment-including nourishment and hydration-even if refusing the treatment could result in death.

Question 9

Untreated HIV infection can increase a person's susceptibility to opportunistic infections such as Kaposi's sarcoma.

Question 10

Most cancer patients abandon conventional treatments and use alternative therapies in the place of conventional therapies.

Question 11

A copy of any advance directive should be part of a client's medical record.

Question 12

A durable power of attorney indicates one's preference for medical treatment in the event of incapacitation.

Question 13

Herpes simplex is a fungal infection of the mouth and throat that often occurs in patients with HIV.

Question 14

Laws regarding advance directives are standardized from state to state.

Question 15

Cancer cachexia affects almost all cancer patients.

Question 16

Research indicates that alcohol often correlates with cancer rates; thus, abstaining from alcohol can reduce the risk of developing cancer.

Question 17

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia is classified as an AIDS-defining illness.

Question 18

Because of the availability of advance directives, over 80 percent of people in the United States have completed one.

Question 19

A cancer that arises from muscle or bone is referred to as a(n):

A) sarcoma .
B) adenoma.
C) carcinoma.
D) melanoma.
E) adenocarcinoma.

Question 20

Inflammation of the mouth that is caused by exposure to radiation is called radiation enteritis.

Question 21

In HIV patients, thrush typically causes what symptoms?

A) d iarrhea
B) m outh pain
C) l esions around the lips
D) a cid reflux
E) i ncreased mucus secretions

Question 22

The drug dronabinol is sometimes used with cancer patients to:

A) prevent constipation.
B) shrink tumors.
C) stimulate appetite.
D) combat diarrhea.
E) increase lean body mass.

Question 23

Cancer cachexia is characterized by:

A) anorexia.
B) weight gain.
C) slowed metabolism.
D) increased appetite.
E) elevated muscle activity.

Question 24

Weight gain most often occurs in patients with cancer of the:

A) colon.
B) breast.
C) stomach.
D) pancreas.
E) liver.

Question 25

What food preparation method is most likely to produce carcinogens that could cause cancer?

A) u sing a microwave
B) b oiling vegetables
C) c anning fruits
D) f rying fish
E) s autéing vegetables

Question 26

A patient who is undergoing chemotherapy has developed sores in his mouth, which makes it difficult for him to eat. What suggestion would most likely help this patient handle this problem?

A) Serve food steaming hot and drink hot liquids.
B) Take larger bites of foods and chew thoroughly.
C) Avoid irritating foods such as citrus fruits or tomato juice.
D) Drink liquids directly from a cup and avoid a straw.
E) Eat a piece of peppermint candy before consuming a meal.

Question 27

To improve energy intake and compensate for weight loss during cancer treatment, clients should be encouraged to:

A) use fats liberally.
B) eat extra food immediately after treatment.
C) avoid sugar substitutes.
D) eat more vegetables and fruits.
E) chew food slowly before swallowing.

Question 28

Common oral infections associated with HIV infection that may cause discomfort and interfere with food consumption include candidiasis and:

A) herpes simplex virus infection.
B) tooth abscesses.
C) canker sores.
D) gingivostomatitis.
E) Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.

Question 29

In order to increase caloric intake, an individual with cancer could substitute _____ for the milk normally used in recipes.

A) l actaid milk
B) c hicken broth
C) f at-free evaporated milk
D) h alf-and-half
E) p owdered milk

Question 30

What metabolic abnormality is most often associated with cancer?

A) d ecreased protein turnover
B) d ecreased carbon fixation
C) e levated protein synthesis
D) i ncreased build up of triglycerides
E) i ncreased insulin resistance

Question 31

Methotrexate, a drug used to treat cancer, interferes with:

A) appetite .
B) red blood cell production .
C) cell division .
D) aspiration .
E) Thiamin absorption .

Question 32

The progression of HIV can be evaluated by monitoring:

A) the viral load.
B) serum albumin levels.
C) weight.
D) body composition.
E) red blood cell counts.

Question 33

What type of cancer would most likely produce complications that would require tube feeding as a corrective dietary measure?

A) b reast cancer
B) h ead and neck cancer
C) b one cancer
D) s kin cancer
E) l iver cancer

Question 34

Which type of drug would most likely be co-administered with chemotherapy?

A) a ppetite stimulants
B) a ntivirals
C) a ntiemetics
D) a nabolic steroids
E) a ntibiotics

Question 35

A cancer patient complains that foods just don't taste right. An appropriate recommendation to help the patient handle this problem is to:

A) consume smaller meals.
B) cut foods into smaller pieces.
C) brush the teeth or use mouthwash before eating.
D) include appetite-enhancing medications.
E) take small bites and chew foods thoroughly.

Question 36

One of the most frequently used CAM therapies among cancer patients is:

A) massage therapy.
B) acupuncture.
C) reflexology.
D) aromatherapy.
E) herbal supplements.

Question 37

The reason for the development of lipodystrophy in HIV treatment may be from :

A) malnutrition.
B) overeating.
C) hormone imbalances.
D) hypertriglyceridemia.
E) drugs used to treat HIV .

Question 38

What action can a cancer patient include to add protein to a meal?

A) Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat.
B) Include chopped vegetables in salads and casseroles.
C) Melt cheese over eggs, vegetable dishes, and meatloaf.
D) Add diced fruit to baked goods.
E) Include mayonnaise or salad dressing with side dishes.

Question 39

Leukemia is a type of cancer affecting the _____, where the abnormal cells do not form a tumor; they accumulate in the blood and other tissues.

A) plasma
B) lymph nodes
C) white blood cells
D) platelets
E) red blood cells

Question 40

What side effect is most often associated with gastric resection surgery for cancer treatment?

A) r educed swallowing ability
B) d umping syndrome
C) b ile insufficiency
D) a cid reflux
E) g eneral malabsorption

Question 41

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
Ms. Arther enjoys pudding and is able to tolerate it pretty well. To increase her caloric intake, she should use _____ while preparing her pudding.

A) half-and-half
B) sour cream
C) 2% milk
D) powdered milk
E) vitamin D milk

Question 42

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice The nurse understands that methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancer and that it can cause a patient to become deficient in:

A) essential fatty acids.
B) folate.
C) vitamin B_12.
D) calcium.
E) sodium.

Question 43

Disclosure refers to:

A) the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones.
B) a comparison of the potential benefits and harm of any treatment.
C) a patient's right to life-sustaining treatments.
D) the ability to understand pertinent information and make appropriate decisions.
E) a patient's right to be fully informed of a treatment's benefits and risks in a fair and honest manner.

Question 44

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
Because of her symptoms, Ms. Arther is at risk for what complication?

A) a  fistula
B) f luid and electrolyte imbalances
C) i ntestinal obstruction
D) d ysphagia
E) h emorrhage

Question 45

A durable power of attorney is used to:

A) state the patient's wishes about treatments he does or does not want at the end of life.
B) determine the decision-making capacity of the patient.
C) withhold CPR in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest.
D) allow a physician to write a DNR order.
E) appoint a health care agent for the patient.

Question 46

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Cancer patients exhibit an increased rate of protein turnover. The nurse understands that this means patients:

A) may have a difficult time maintaining a healthy body weight.
B) require less protein in their diets.
C) should increase their intake of fats.
D) may experience early satiety.
E) often suffer from constipation.

Question 47

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Mrs. Watson is a 55-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer. To reduce Mrs. Watson's risk of breast cancer, the nurse advises her to:

A) avoid alcohol and maintain a healthy weight.
B) take a calcium supplement daily.
C) eat less red meat.
D) drink a glass of red wine with dinner.
E) increase her intake of vegetables and dairy.

Question 48

A patient's right to make decisions concerning his or her own well-being is called:

A) patient autonomy.
B) informed consent.
C) beneficence.
D) distributive justice .
E) maleficence.

Question 49

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
The primary focus of nutrition care for Ms. Arther is:

A) educating her on ways to prevent the recurrence of cancer.
B) understanding how to administer tube feedings.
C) ensuring that she uses herbal supplements.
D) preventing iron-deficiency anemia.
E) ensuring appropriate intakes of calories and protein.

Question 50

The standard treatment for suppressing HIV infection:

A) consists of a combination of at least three antiretroviral drugs.
B) usually involves surgical procedures.
C) has few adverse effects.
D) can be completed over the course of several months.
E) is not available for most people with HIV in the United States.

Question 51

What drug, when combined with resistance training, has positive effects on lean tissue mass in HIV patients?

A) Megestrol acetate
B) Dronabinol
C) Testosterone
D) Maraviroc
E) Cortisol

Question 52

Clinical features of neurological complications associated with HIV infection include mild to severe dementia and:

A) seizures.
B) facial twitching.
C) gait disturbances.
D) headaches.
E) loss of sense of smell.

Question 53

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
The symptoms that Ms. Arther is experiencing are consistent with:

A) radiation enteritis.
B) tissue rejection.
C) steatorrhea.
D) lipodystrophy.
E) negative nitrogen balance.

Question 54

A rare type of cancer frequently associated with HIV infection is:

A) Kaposi's sarcoma.
B) Merkel cell carcinoma.
C) chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
D) gastrinoma.
E) insulinoma.

Question 55

What drug is an example of a protease inhibitor used in the management of HIV infection?

A) Enfuvirtide
B) Ritonavir
C) Efavirenz
D) Lamivudine
E) Didanosine

Question 56

An individual who does not wish to receive CPR if she has a heart attack in the hospital should request a(n):

A) DNR order.
B) living will.
C) power of attorney.
D) disclosure document.
E) informed consent.

Question 57

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
In order to increase Ms. Arther's energy intake, she should include _____ freely in her diet.

A) cut-up fruits
B) mayonnaise
C) steamed vegetables
D) salt
E) low-fat dairy

Question 58

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice The nurse is working with a client admitted to the hospital with complaints of loss of appetite and weight loss. An assessment of the client also reveals depletion of lean body mass and serum protein. The nurse accurately recognizes these as characteristics of:

A) tissue rejection.
B) human immunodeficiency virus.
C) thrush.
D) cancer cachexia.
E) bile insufficiency.

Question 59

What legal document allows a competent adult to clearly express directions regarding medical treatment in the event that the person is unable to make the necessary decisions at that time?

A) l iving trust
B) p ower of attorney
C) l iving will
D) d urable medical record
E) c are plan

Question 60

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
Ms. Arther complains that she is too tired to fix meals and eat. What would be an appropriate recommendation for her?

A) Engage in regular physical activity.
B) Use mouthwash before eating.
C) Obtain foods that are easy to prepare and easy to eat.
D) Consume liquids throughout the day instead.
E) Experiment with seasonings to improve the flavor of food.

Question 62

What suggestions would you give a cancer patient concerning ways to control nausea and vomiting?

Question 63

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Mrs. Dwyer is a 48-year-old patient who is undergoing radiation therapy for uterine cancer. She complains of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and has experienced significant weight loss. The nurse recognizes that the likely cause of Mrs. Dwyer's symptoms is:

A) tissue rejection.
B) radiation enteritis.
C) steatorrhea.
D) mental stress.
E) inadequate gastric secretions.

Question 64

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient with HIV is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of dehydration. The patient complains of chronic diarrhea. The nurse notes a 15-pound weight loss over a 4-week period. The most likely explanation for the patient's condition is:

A) AIDS wasting syndrome .
B) candidiasis.
C) herpes simplex virus.
D) insulin resistance.

Question 65

Discuss the use of enteral and parenteral nutrition in cancer patients.

Question 66

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Bobby is a 25-year-old client with HIV infection who is experiencing weight loss and a loss of lean body mass. He currently weighs 160 pounds. The nurse suggests that his diet includes at least _____ grams of protein per day.

A) 37
B) 58
C) 73
D) 112
E) 165

Question 67

Why should AIDS patients be concerned about foodborne illnesses?

Question 68

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice To minimize the risk of foodborne bacterial infections in a cancer client who has received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the nurse would tell the client to:

A) cook all meats and eggs until they are well done.
B) consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables.
C) increase consumption of dishes that use ground meats.
D) consume lactose-free, low-residue, low-fat liquids.
E) include foods that are low in fat and low in fiber.

Question 69

What factors contribute to the development of cancer cachexia?

Question 70

Explain how GI tract complications can contribute to malnutrition in HIV patients.

Question 71

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice For a patient with chronic radiation enteritis, the nurse recognizes that the best form of nutrition support is:

A) an oral liquid supplement.
B) enteral nutrition.
C) parenteral nutrition.
D) a pureed diet.
E) vitamin supplements.

Question 72

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice What nutrition intervention is most appropriate for a patient who complains that food doesn't taste right?

A) "Try microwaving foods instead of cooking on the stove."
B) "Let family members prepare food for you."
C) "Avoid foods with strong odors."
D) "Talk a walk before you eat."
E) "Consume foods chilled or at room temperature."

Question 73

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice An HIV patient develops metabolic complications resulting in insulin resistance and an abnormal lipid profile. The nurse recommends which nutrition intervention?

A) "Avoid fatty fish."
B) "Replace whole milk dairy products with low- or nonfat dairy products."
C) "Drink three glasses of grapefruit juice per day."
D) "Use margarine instead of butter."
E) "Substitute water or fruit juice instead of dairy products in your diet."