Deck 14: Adolescent Nutrition

Question 1

Physical activity is defined as any planned, structured, and repetitive movement that is done to improve or maintain physical fitness.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Weight dissatisfaction is common among adolescent females during and immediately following puberty.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Each teenager experiences psychosocial development at the same rate.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Late in adolescence, older teens become more confident in their ability to handle increasingly sophisticated social situations.

Question 5

School-based programs can play important roles in promoting lifelong healthy eating and physical activity.

Question 6

During adolescence the rapid rate of linear growth, the increase in blood volume, and the onset of menarche increase a teen's need for sodium.

Question 7

The consumption of excess dietary fat contributes to the risk of iron-deficiency anemia and impaired growth.

Question 8

More frequent family meals are associated with improved dietary intake among adolescents.

Question 9

Menarche may be delayed in highly competitive athletes or in girls who severely restrict their caloric intake to reduce body weight.

Question 10

The simultaneous search for personal autonomy and peer acceptance that characterizes adolescent psychosocial development often leads to the development of health-compromising eating behaviors.

Question 11

Adolescent males have significantly higher caloric requirements than do females.

Question 12

Data suggest that vegetarian adolescents consume more fruits and vegetables, fewer sweets, fewer salty snack foods, and less fat compared to omnivorous teens.

Question 13

Physical activity has been shown to increase steadily throughout adolescence.

Question 14

Females who mature later have been found to have more eating problems and poorer body image than their peers who develop early.

Question 15

Chronic dieting causes health issues such as fatigue, impaired growth, poor concentration, and irritability.

Question 16

The physical, psychosocial, and cognitive changes associated with adolescence have no direct effects on nutritional status.

Question 17

The energy needs of adolescents are influenced by activity level and increased requirements to support growth and development.

Question 18

The dramatic physical growth and development experienced by adolescents are less than the rate of growth experienced during infancy.

Question 19

Teenagers are future-oriented and tend to be concerned about how their eating will affect them in later years.

Question 20

Lunch is the most commonly skipped meal among adolescents .

Question 21

Menarche occurs most commonly during sexual maturation rating (SMR) stage _____.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 22

Half of U.S. adolescents attend a physical education class at least once a week.

Question 23

Which supplement is often required by vegans unless they routinely consume fortified foods?

A) fiber
B) folic acid
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin E
E) Vitamin B₁₂

Question 24

Regular physical activity reduces the risk of _____.

A) eating disorders
B) renal disease
C) neural tube defects
D) colon cancer
E) anemia

Question 25

Soy beverages are a source of calcium that can be added to school meal programs.

Question 26

Bone is composed largely of calcium, protein, and _____.

A) sodium
B) iron
C) boron
D) potassium
E) phosphorus

Question 27

Dietary fiber is important for _____.

A) the development of bones
B) normal bowel movements
C) regular menstrual cycle
D) reducing the risk of anemia
E) intestinal calcium absorption

Question 28

Individuals of the age group _____ belong to the late adolescence period.

A) 16-20
B) 15-21
C) 18-21
D) 15-17
E) 11-14

Question 29

Adolescent vegetarians, especially adolescent males, have been found to be at low risk for engaging in unhealthy weight-loss behaviors.

Question 30

Food choices made by adolescents while snacking tend to favor foods high in _____.

A) sugar, sodium, and fat
B) vitamins and minerals
C) carbohydrates and fiber
D) protein and calories
E) added sugar, calcium, and potassium

Question 31

Cognitively, early adolescence is a time dominated, in part, by _____.

A) a reduction in impulsive behavior
B) abstract thinking
C) egocentrism
D) the development of social independence from family
E) the development of a personal identity

Question 32

At SMR stage _____, sexual maturation has concluded.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 33

Conflicts over personal issues, including eating and physical activity behaviors, are heightened during _____ adolescence.

A) early
B) middle
C) late
D) early and late
E) all stages of

Question 34

Research has shown that availability of healthy foods including fruits and vegetables in the home is associated with higher intake of these foods and lower BMI.

Question 35

Research by Frisch suggests that _____ percent body fat is required for the development and maintenance of regular ovulatory cycles.

A) 15
B) 18
C) 20
D) 22
E) 25

Question 36

Teens below the 15th percentile of weight-for-height or BMI-for-age are considered to be underweight.

Question 37

The use of stimulant medications for conditions such as _____ has been suggested to reduce or delay linear growth velocity among adolescent males.

A) attention-deficit  hyperactivity disorder
B) hyperlipidemia
C) hypertension
D) type 2 diabetes
E) iron-deficiency anemia

Question 38

Adolescence is usually defined as the period of life between _____ years of age.

A) 10 and 16
B) 11 and 17
C) 15 and 18
D) 11 and 21
E) 18 and 22

Question 39

The NHANES III found that non-Hispanic Black females and Mexican American females experienced breast development at the age of _____ years.

A) 9.0
B) 9.6
C) 10.0
D) 10.6
E) 11.0

Question 40

Which of the following is recommended for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in an adolescent?

A) Assess for the presence of acanthosis nigricans.
B) Assess the blood lipids level of the individual.
C) Assess changes in blood pressure levels.
D) Review daily physical behavioral patterns.
E) Review weight status with client.

Question 41

Mass media and advertising are some of the _____ factors that play a more distal and indirect role in determining food patterns yet can exert a powerful influence on specific food choices.

A) behavioral
B) microenvironmental
C) macrosystem
D) cognitive-affective
E) immediate social environmental

Question 42

Which group has the highest protein requirement?

A) males at 9-13 years
B) males at 15-18 years
C) females at 9-13 years
D) females at 15-18 years
E) males and females at 15-18 years

Question 43

According to the nutrition standards for schools, any food sold in schools must have a calorie limit of _____ for snacks.

A) ≤250 kcal
B) ≤480 kcal
C) ≤200 kcal
D) ≤350 kcal
E) ≤230 kcal

Question 44

The DRIs set the recommended intake of dietary fiber for adolescent females at _____ g/day.

A) 26
B) 31
C) 38
D) 40
E) 43

Question 45

Teen diets tend to exceed the recommended amount of total and saturated fats, cholesterol, added sugar, and _____.

A) sodium
B) iron
C) zinc
D) fiber
E) calcium

Question 46

An underweight 17-year-old male was 15 minutes late to his nutrition counseling appointment, and he had to leave for a school-related practice in 20 minutes. Which dietary assessment method would be the most appropriate in which the dietician can complete the assessment through a telephonic conversation with the client?

A) 24-hour recall
B) food frequency
C) food record
D) diet history
E) ASA24

Question 47

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, males between the ages of 9 and 13 years should take _____ of calcium.

A) 1,000 mg/day
B) 1,100 mg/day
C) 1,200 mg/day
D) 1,300 mg/day
E) 1,400 mg/day

Question 48

On average, adolescents consume diets that are _____  in several vitamins and minerals.

A) abundant
B) inadequate
C) adquate
D) very high
E) satisfactory

Question 49

Well-planned vegetarian diets can offer health advantages to adolescents, such as _____.

A) a low intake of carbohydrates
B) a low intake of calcium
C) a high intake of saturated fats
D) a high intake of dairy products
E) a high intake of fiber

Question 50

Repeated measurements of weight, height, and _____ over a several-month period are needed to accurately assess adequacy of growth and development.

A) body composition
B) waist circumference
C) BMI
D) muscular strength
E) flexibility

Question 51

A personal factor that influences eating behavior is _____.

A) self-efficacy
B) food availability in schools
C) health status
D) mass media
E) food distribution

Question 52

Which vegetarian diet excludes meat, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs, and dairy products?

A) partial-vegetarian
B) vegan
C) lacto-ovo-vegetarian
D) lacto-vegetarian
E) macrobiotic

Question 53

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, females between the age of 14 and 18 years should have _____ mg of iron every day.

A) 5
B) 27
C) 11
D) 8
E) 15

Question 54

The recommended intake of carbohydrate among teens is _____ g/day, or 45-65 percent of daily energy needs.

A) 100
B) 110
C) 120
D) 130
E) 140

Question 55

Which indicator of iron stores is the most sensitive?

A) hemoglobin
B) hematocrit
C) plasma ferritin
D) apolipoprotein A-1
E) apolipoprotein B

Question 56

Studies show that adequate consumption of folate before pregnancy can decrease the incidence of _____.

A) spina bifida
B) malnutrition
C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
D) osteoporosis
E) type 1 diabetes

Question 57

The development of _____ because of severe folate deficiency is rare among adolescents.

A) malnutrition
B) megaloblastic anemia
C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
D) type 1 diabetes
E) osteoporosis

Question 58

Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of _____ in adults.

A) atherosclerosis
B) osteoporosis
C) diabetes
D) eating disorder
E) anemia

Question 59

An environmental/community factor that influences eating behaviors is _____.

A) food availability in schools
B) biological changes
C) body image
D) food distribution
E) self-efficacy

Question 60

There appears to be an inverse relationship between serum _____ and vitamin D levels.

A) insulin
B) triglyceride
C) cholesterol
D) parathyroid hormone
E) erythropoietin

Question 62

What are the four "Ps" of marketing? Using the four "Ps," discuss some strategies based on behavioral economics that schools can utilize to improve eating behaviors.

Question 63

During a nutrition screening, adolescents who have been found to have a nutrition-related health risk, such as hyperlipidemia, should be _____.

A) further assessed for use of anabolic steroids
B) further assessed for an increase in blood pressure
C) referred for in-depth medical assessment and nutrition counseling
D) further assessed for diabetes
E) referred to an exercise physiologist

Question 64

List the biological changes that occur during puberty. Why should sexual maturation be used to assess an adolescent's growth and nutritional needs rather than chronological age?

Question 65

Which dietary assessment tool/method would most likely be appropriate for someone who needs to measure food portions and is highly motivated?

A) 24-hour recall
B) food frequency
C) food record
D) diet history
E) ASA24

Question 66

What is the most commonly skipped meal among adolescents? How does this affect overall nutrient intake?

Question 67

Adolescents who follow a _____ diet exclude meat, poultry, fish, and seafood from their diet but will consume dairy products and eggs.

A) macrobiotic
B) lacto-vegetarian
C) vegan
D) lacto-ovo-vegetarian
E) partial-vegetarian

Question 68

Why is vitamin D important to the body? Generally, who is at risk for low levels of vitamin D?

Question 69

During a nutrition counseling session, how can you better involve an adolescent in decision-making processes?

Question 70

DHA is found in _____.

A) pork
B) pasta
C) corn oil
D) flaxseed
E) yogurt

Question 71

Why do some adolescents engage in risky behavior during puberty? How can you decrease the likelihood that adolescents will engage in health-compromising behavior?