Deck 13: Diet and Exercise for Lifelong Fitness and Health

Question 1

Which of the following is a true statement about physical activity and aging in general?

A)The total amount of physical activity stays the same, but there is a decrease in the intensity and duration of individual activities.
B)The total amount of physical activity declines, but there is an increase in the intensity of individual activities.
C)The total amount of physical activity as well as the intensity and duration of individual activities declines.
D)After retirement there is an increase in the amount, intensity, and duration of physical activity because people have more time to exercise.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What does 40-30-30 represent?

A)40% carbohydrate (CHO)and 30% each protein and fat
B)40% fat and 30% each protein and CHO
C)40% protein and 30% each fat and CHO
D)40 lb lost in the first six months; 30 lb lost in subsequent six-month periods

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which weight loss plan is also known as the 40-30-30 diet?

A)Atkins diet
B)Ornish diet
C)Weight Watchers diet
D)Zone diet

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Of the following, which contributes most to causes of death in the United States?

A)Excessive alcohol intake
B)Poor diet and lack of exercise
C)Motor vehicle accidents
D)Microbial agents

Question 5

Which weight-loss plan contains the lowest amount of dietary carbohydrate?

A)Atkins diet
B)Ornish diet
C)Weight Watchers diet
D)Zone diet

Question 6

_____ is a hormone produced by fat cells and plays an important role in long-term energy balance and weight maintenance.

A)Leptin
B)Adrenaline
C)Ghrelin
D)Serotonin

Question 7

What percentage of adults in the United States are overweight or obese?

A)36%
B)52%
C)68%
D)83%

Question 8

According to recent scientific studies, which weight-loss plan has been proven to be most effective for short-term (one year)weight loss in obese people?

A)Atkins diet
B)Ornish diet
C)Weight Watchers diet
D)Atkins, Ornish, and Weight Watchers diets are equally effective.

Question 9

Which weight-loss plan induces ketosis?

A)Atkins diet
B)Ornish diet
C)Weight Watchers diet
D)Zone diet

Question 10

The nutrition guidelines outlined by various health-related organizations are ____.

A)fundamentally the same, but recommendations vary
B)fundamentally the same, with the same recommendations
C)fundamentally different from each other
D)in opposition with each other

Question 11

Ghrelin is a hormone synthesized by cells in the stomach and its primary role in the body is to ____.

A)decrease appetite
B)stimulate appetite
C)induce a feeling of satiety
D)breakdown food

Question 12

The main purpose of the homeostatic mechanism that regulates energy intake and expenditure in the body is to ____.

A)keep the body at a very fixed weight
B)prevent weight loss
C)maintain a fairly constant body weight
D)stimulate weight gain

Question 13

The exercise guidelines outlined by various health-related organizations all recommend ____.

A)the same amount of physical activity daily
B)the same intensity of physical activity daily
C)the same type of physical activity to achieve fitness
D)regular, lifelong physical activity

Question 14

Specific Activity Guidelines published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services state that adults (ages 18-64)should ____.

A)not engage in any vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise unless they are highly trained athletes
B)do 1 hour or more a day of mostly moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity
C)do 2 hours or more a day of mostly moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity
D)do 2 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate-intensity or 1 hour and 15 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or a combination of these

Question 15

Which weight-loss plan is known for its support system?

A)Atkins diet
B)Ornish diet
C)Weight Watchers diet
D)Zone diet

Question 16

Which of the following is least likely a chronic disease?

A)Cardiovascular disease
B)Type 2 diabetes
C)Upper respiratory tract infection
D)Osteoporosis

Question 17

A 30-year-old sedentary male has a body mass index (BMI)of 31. Which category does this place him in?

A)Low BMI
B)Healthy range
C)Overweight
D)Obesity

Question 18

Specific Activity Guidelines published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services state that children and adolescents (ages 6-17)should ____.

A)not engage in any vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise
B)do 1 hour or more a day of mostly moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity
C)do 2 hours or more a day of mostly moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity
D)do 2 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate-intensity or 1 hour and 15 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or a combination of these

Question 19

What is "creeping obesity"?

A)A slow gain of body fat as adults age
B)The process of muscle turning to fat
C)Change in body fat distribution after menopause
D)A genetic predisposition to gain weight

Question 20

Which weight-loss plan contains the lowest amount of dietary fat?

A)Atkins diet
B)Ornish diet
C)Weight Watchers diet
D)Zone diet

Question 21

According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines, at least _____% of protein intake should come from plant sources.

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Question 22

Which of the following contains the largest amount of "heart healthy" fats?

A)Palm oil
B)Fish oil
C)Egg
D)Red meat

Question 23

The major factors underlying the development of metabolic syndrome are ____.

A)age and gender
B)family history and cardiovascular fitness
C)hypertension and cigarette smoking
D)obesity and insulin resistance

Question 24

Which activity is most likely to result in appropriate weight loss?

A)Daily physical activity meeting the Surgeon General's recommendations
B)Strength training two days per week
C)Aerobic exercise of sufficient duration\intensity to expend > 2000 kcal per week
D)Exercise in heat and humidity to induce heavy sweating

Question 25

Which of the following is least likely to be a major risk factor for heart disease?

A)Cigarette smoking
B)Hypertension
C)Low total blood cholesterol concentration
D)Low concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Question 26

Which of the following is protective and powerful enough to "offset" one of the major risk factors for heart disease?

A)Total cholesterol
B)High-density lipoprotein cholesterol > 60 mg\dl
C)Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ˜ 100 mg\dl
D)Triglycerides

Question 27

Common symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes include ____.

A)hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia
B)hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia
C)hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia
D)hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia

Question 28

The period of time associated with the most rapid loss of bone mass is ____.

A)age 20 to 35 years
B)age 35 to 50 years
C)the first several years after menopause
D)after males are 65 years or older

Question 29

According to scientific research, what effect does the DASH diet have on prevention and treatment of high blood pressure?

A)DASH helps to treat high blood pressure but does not help to prevent it.
B)DASH helps to prevent high blood pressure but does not help to treat it.
C)DASH helps to prevent and treat high blood pressure.
D)DASH has no effect on either treatment or prevention of high blood pressure.

Question 30

Low bone mineral density with structural deterioration is known as ____.

A)osteomalacia
B)osteopenia
C)osteoporosis
D)osteoarthritis

Question 31

An increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)is most likely to occur with a diet high in:

A)cholesterol and monounsaturated fats.
B)monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
C)cholesterol and sugar.
D)saturated and trans fats.

Question 32

On average, the bone density of men and African Americans is approximately ____ greater than that of Caucasian women.

A)5%
B)20%
C)35%
D)65%

Question 33

The primary characteristic of type 2 diabetes is ____.

A)lack of insulin production
B)insulin resistance
C)overproduction of glucagon
D)hypoglycemia

Question 34

Exercise is effective for those with type 2 diabetes because it ____.

A)stimulates the pancreas to secrete more insulin
B)has a strong insulin-like effect and stimulates glucose uptake into muscles
C)helps repair the alpha cells in the pancreas
D)improves aerobic fitness

Question 35

At what age does peak bone mineral density occur (assuming that calcium intake is adequate)?

A)10 to 20 years
B)20 to 35 years
C)35 to 60 years
D)After age 60

Question 36

Of the following, the most critical intervention because of its strong and independent effect on metabolic syndrome is the ____.

A)reduction in dietary fat and cholesterol intake
B)increase in physical activity
C)reduction of stress-related factors
D)increase in aspirin intake

Question 37

Strong scientific evidence suggests that diets high in ____ increase heart disease risk.

A)trans fatty acids
B)monounsaturated fats
C)polyunsaturated fats
D)omega-6 and -9 fatty acids

Question 38

Which is the best description of insulin resistance?

A)The pancreas fails to produce insulin due to damage to alpha cells.
B)The pancreas produces insulin but fails to secrete a sufficient amount when blood glucose is high.
C)The pancreas secretes insulin, it is ineffective because body cells are insensitive to it action.
D)The pancreas secretes glucagon instead of insulin in response to high blood glucose.

Question 39

The development of fatty streaks, a change associated with eventual narrowing of the arteries, typically begins in ____.

A)childhood and adolescence
B)early adulthood (20s and 30s)
C)middle adulthood (40s and 50s)
D)older adulthood (60s and beyond)

Question 40

Studies have shown that regular endurance training ____.

A)eliminates the risk for becoming hypertensive
B)reduces the risk for becoming hypertensive
C)increases the risk for becoming hypertensive
D)has no effect on risk for becoming hypertensive

Question 41

A decrease in body fat can disrupt the normal signaling of adipokines, hormone-like substances secreted from adipose tissue.

Question 42

An athlete is considering making a change to his or her diet in the next two weeks. According to the Stages of Change Model, what stage is the athlete currently in?

A)Precontemplation
B)Contemplation
C)Preparation
D)Action

Question 43

Of the chronic diseases listed, when an individual's BMI increases it has the greatest impact on risk for ____.

A)diabetes
B)heart disease
C)hypertension
D)high blood cholesterol

Question 44

There is a strong inverse relationship between physical activity and premature mortality.

Question 45

The Health at Every Size movement would least likely support the use of ____.

A)behavior change models
B)laboratory tests to determine metabolic fitness
C)weight-loss diets
D)therapy

Question 46

Nutrition guidelines and recommendations concerning fat intake are standardized across organizations.

Question 47

There is an inevitable decline in physical activity as people age.

Question 48

Approximately one-third of the people who die in the United States each year die from chronic diseases.

Question 49

In children and adolescents, overweight is defined as having a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles on the CDC growth chart.

Question 50

There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in those with ____.

A)osteoporosis
B)cardiovascular disease
C)type 2 diabetes
D)metabolic syndrome

Question 51

What is the relationship between physical activity and weight loss?

A)Physical activity must result in weight loss to be beneficial.
B)Physical activity must be of long duration and high intensity to be beneficial.
C)Physical activity must be coupled with dietary restriction to be beneficial.
D)Physical activity is beneficial even if it does not result in weight loss.

Question 52

Consistently climbing a few flights of stairs instead of riding an elevator will have little to no impact on long-term weight management.

Question 53

What is body mass index (BMI)?

A)A measure of how much muscle mass an athlete should have
B)A method of measuring body composition
C)A formula that predicts the best weight for performance and health
D)A number that represents a weight-to-height ratio

Question 54

Obesity for adults is defined as a body mass index (BMI)between 25 and 29.9.

Question 55

The most appropriate use of body mass index (BMI)is to determine:

A)potential health risks in the general population.
B)potential health risks in the athletic population.
C)ideal weight for adults.
D)ideal weight for athletes.

Question 56

Risk for premature mortality for a person with a BMI of 23 is ____.

A)zero
B)low
C)moderate
D)high

Question 57

The most likely reason that some severely obese individuals do not manifest any of the common obesity-related chronic diseases is due to a ____.

A)happy personality and the absence of depression
B)larger than normal organ size
C)tendency to store excess fat in the lower body
D)larger bone structure

Question 58

When compared to recommendations made for other chronic diseases, the diet and exercise recommendations made for preventing lifestyle-related cancers are ____.

A)similar
B)different in many respects
C)substantially different
D)in opposition to other recommendations

Question 59

Chronic diseases can begin in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood.

Question 60

Weight gain is an inevitable consequence of aging.

Question 61

Peptide YY (PYY)is secreted by the intestines and causes a decreased drive to eat.

Question 62

Most people who have been diagnosed with osteoporosis should not be physically active because activity would increase the risk for fracture.

Question 63

Fatty acids stored in subcutaneous fat are more easily mobilized than fatty acids stored in visceral fat.

Question 64

"Good" cholesterol is a term used to describe cholesterol that is attached to high-density lipoproteins.

Question 65

There is a strong inverse relationship between level of physical activity\fitness and development of obesity.

Question 66

The Health at Every Size movement does not support the use of weight-loss diets unless the individual is severely obese.

Question 67

One way to decrease cholesterol and saturated fats in the diet is to reduce the intake of saturated fats.

Question 68

Physiological changes and food intake behavior are primarily controlled by the hypothalamus on both a short-term and long-term basis.

Question 69

For an individual with metabolic syndrome, becoming more physically active will have a positive effect but only if it results in weight loss.

Question 70

Reducing sodium intake will reduce blood pressure in all people who are hypertensive.

Question 71

In individuals with type 2 diabetes, both carbohydrate and fat metabolism are abnormal.

Question 72

One of every three adults in the United States is hypertensive.

Question 73

On average, men and African American women have approximately 20% greater bone density than Caucasian women.

Question 74

Upper body obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome.

Question 75

Studies show that the most important characteristic of any weight-loss diet for obese, sedentary individuals is the restriction of energy intake, not the carbohydrate, protein, or fat distribution of the diet.

Question 76

One-third of all cancer deaths in the U.S. are associated with poor diet, inactivity, and excess body weight.

Question 77

There is an association between body weight, chronic disease risk, and mortality but this association is very much influenced by cardiovascular fitness.

Question 78

A healthy diet is important in the treatment of metabolic syndrome but becoming physically active will likely have a much stronger effect.

Question 79

Those with osteoporosis have a greater risk for spine, hip, and wrist fractures.

Question 80

Type 2 diabetes is caused by eating too much sugar.