Deck 9: Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

Question 1

Kirima is a Native Eskimo who lives in one of the coldest regions in the world. What type of adipose tissue is most effective at helping her to maintain warm body temperatures during the coldest parts of the year? ​

A)black
B)white
C)brown
D)yellow

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Women often have a more difficult time losing fat in general, and from the hips and thighs in particular. What best describes this rationale? ​

A)Women have increased amounts of ghrelin in their bodies.
B)A woman's liver produces greater amounts of glycogen than a man's liver.
C)When women lose weight, their fat cells do not shrink in size.
D)The release of lower body fat is less active in women.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to body mass index values, what percentage of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?

A)​59
B)​63
C)​69
D)​72

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is a feature of leptin? ​

A)It is an enzyme.
B)It is a satiety signal.
C)It is usually deficient in obese people.
D)It is secreted by the brain and acts on fat cells.

Question 5

An estimated ____ percent of children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years are either overweight or obese. ​

A)​12
B)​32
C)​40
D)​48

Question 6

What is a feature of ghrelin? ​

A)It is a metabolic antagonist of leptin.
B)It stimulates appetite and energy storage.
C)​It allows  blood levels in the fasting state to correlate directly with body weight.
D)It is released in high amounts from adipocytes during periods of excess energy intake.

Question 7

Fat cells increase in number the most during which time period?

A)infancy
B)childhood and adolescence
C)young adulthood
D)middle adulthood

Question 8

What is the significance of the uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue? ​

A)increased loss of energy as heat
B)reduction of fat cell numbers
C)lowering of basal metabolism
D)proliferation of fat cell numbers

Question 9

Human adults have little brown fat, which is stored primarily around which area of the body? ​

A)the lower back
B)the neck and clavicle
C)the hips and thighs
D)the abdomen

Question 10

The concept of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)is best described as the ____.

A)minimum weight of a person required to balance energy input with output
B)rate at which a person is so inactive that they still have energy surplus
C)point at which a person's weight plateaus before dropping again quickly
D)energy expended in spontaneous everyday activities

Question 11

What occurs as fat cells accumulate triglycerides? ​

A)The fat cells decrease in number.
B)Energy expenditure exceeds energy intake.
C)The fat cells expand in size.
D)​L ipoprotein lipase is released.

Question 12

What is a characteristic of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme? ​

A)In men, the enzyme activity is high in abdominal fat cells.
B)Obese people who lose weight show markedly higher enzyme activity.
C)Obese people have less enzyme activity in their adipocytes than lean people do.
D)In women, the enzyme activity is low in fat cells within the breasts, hips, and thighs.

Question 13

What statement best describes the features of physical inactivity and energy balance? ​

A)There is a strong genetic component to reduced physical activity of overweight people.
B)Differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about 350 kcalories per day.
C)Although watching television correlates with weight gain, playing video games does not, presumably due to the heightened excitement engendered by action games.
D)Extraordinarily inactive people who lower their food intakes below that of their lean counterparts activate brown adipose tissue uncoupling proteins that stimulate hyperthermic weight loss.

Question 14

One characteristic of fat cell development is that ____.

A)​t he amount of fat in the body is substantially determined by the size of the fat cells
B)​m ore and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight persons
C)​f at cell number increases most readily during early adulthood, when energy expenditure declines
D)​f at cells may enlarge but not increase in number upon reaching the age of 50

Question 15

What is a characteristic of the risk for obesity? ​

A)It is higher in fraternal than in identical twins.
B)It is associated more with environment than genetics.
C)It is usually higher in people with more brown adipose tissue.
D)It is higher in people who have obese friends, siblings, or spouses.

Question 16

Which description best defines the body's set point? ​

A)the minimum weight of a person
B)the maximum weight of a person
C)the point at which a person's weight plateaus before dropping again quickly
D)the point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight

Question 17

What best describes the connection between weight gain and genetics?

A)Obese people can change their genomes but not their epigenomes.
B)Exercise has little, if any, effect on the genetic influence on weight gain.
C)Identical twins are half as likely to weigh the same compared with fraternal twins.
D)Adopted children tend to have body weights similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents.

Question 18

Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty, he continued to gain weight steadily until the age of 23, when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 50 pounds. What most likely happened to Tom's fat cells? ​

A)They shrank in size but did not decrease in number.
B)They melted away when he burned all the excess fat.
C)They decreased in number but did not decrease in size.
D)They changed very little since fat cells shrink only with a weight loss greater than 100 pounds.

Question 19

What best describes the results of an increase in LPL activity? ​

A)Fat storage becomes more efficient.
B)The cells are less likely to obtain energy from glucose.
C)The liver increases production of triglycerides.
D)The rate of weight loss is increased.

Question 20

What describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance? ​

A)Fat cell sensitivity to leptin is higher in obese people.
B)A deficiency of leptin is characteristic of all obese people.
C)Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat.
D)Major functions of leptin include an increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate.

Question 21

The FDA has identified more than ____ products within herbal products and dietary supplements that contain undeclared, active pharmaceutical ingredients that can have serious consequences. ​

A)​15
B)​40
C)​75
D)​150

Question 22

Which activity would be most effective at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program? ​

A)decreasing portion sizes
B)selecting fewer energy-dense foods
C)restricting fiber intake as a means to reduce excess water retention
D)consuming a small high-fat snack before each meal to reduce appetite

Question 23

As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women? ​

A)500 kcalories
B)​8 00 kcalories
C)​12 00 kcalories
D)​16 00 kcalories

Question 24

The prescription drug phentermine acts by regulating the utilization of ____.

A)blood insulin
B)norepinephrine
C)hormone-sensitive lipase
D)adipocyte lipoprotein lipase

Question 25

What is a feature of prescription drug use for treatment of obesity?

A)Most drugs may be safely prescribed even in otherwise healthy obese people.
B)Most experts believe that drugs should not be used because obesity is not a disease.
C)Most currently available drugs are highly effective in both the short and long term treatment of obesity.
D)"Off-label" drugs are commonly taken for their modest weight loss effects.

Question 26

The use of artificial sweeteners to control body weight ____.

A)may lead to weight gain in some people
B)automatically lowers a person's daily energy intake
C)delays gastric emptying time, leading to enhanced satiety
D)triggers epinephrine secretion, which suppresses appetite

Question 27

What is the primary action of the weight-loss drug orlistat? ​

A)It reduces taste sensation.
B)It inhibits lipoprotein lipase.
C)It inhibits pancreatic lipase.
D)It alters circulating leptin concentrations.

Question 28

What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine? ​

A)The costs are prohibitive.
B)The products were found to be ineffective for weight loss.
C)The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures.
D)The products were found to contain contaminants that were believed to be responsible for inducing liver failure.

Question 29

What statement accurately describes weight-loss remedies? ​

A)Dietary supplements are not necessarily tested for safety or effectiveness.
B)Body wraps and creams that have FDA approval are helpful for weight-reduction regimes.
C)Sauna baths may reach temperatures high enough to melt visceral but not subcutaneous fat stores.
D)Hot baths raise the metabolic rate by 5-10% for 1-2 hours and may serve as part of a general weight-loss program.

Question 30

A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a(n)____. ​

A)fad diet
B)discretionary diet
C)spot reduction program
D)aggressive bariatric program

Question 31

Aggressive weight loss treatment should be introduced in overweight people if they have which risk factor? ​

A)a history of breast cancer
B)age over 40
C)high LDL and low HDL
D)orthostatic hypotension

Question 32

What is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity?

A)Weight regain almost never occurs.
B)Surgery is always an irreversible medical procedure.
C)Gastric surgery  is less effective than traditional liposuction.
D)Gastric surgery diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress.

Question 33

Charlene tries to maintain a consistent energy intake of 1800 kcalories per day. How much protein does this kcalorie level allow for on a daily basis? ​

A)3 oz.
B)​5  oz.
C)​6  oz.
D)​8  oz.

Question 34

What best describes an advantage of the gastric banding procedure for weight loss? ​

A)It requires no need for adjustments after surgery.
B)It has been shown to be more reliable and effective than some other types of surgery.
C)It has the highest success rate for weight loss of any bariatric surgery procedure.
D)It is less invasive than some other forms of bariatric surgery.

Question 35

What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people? ​

A)0.5 to 2 pounds per week
B)3 to 5 pounds per week
C)5 percent body weight per month
D)10 percent body weight per month

Question 36

When performing an obesity evaluation, the disease risk profile takes into account family history, life- threatening diseases, and ____. ​

A)body mass index
B)socioeconomic factors
C)waist circumference
D)common risk factors for chronic diseases

Question 37

Your patient, Mr. Sinclair, has a BMI of 43 and is taking drugs to lose weight. He has heard that some drugs cause gastrointestinal discomfort and would prefer to take one that doesn't give him any of these side effects. What should be prescribed for Mr. Sinclair? ​

A)Xenical
B)Alli
C)Belviq
D)Qsymia

Question 38

Millions of people in the United States use over-the-counter weight-loss products and approximately ____ percent are of normal weight. ​

A)​5
B)​10
C)​20
D)​30

Question 39

What best describes a characteristic of liposuction? ​

A)Blood pressure and insulin sensitivity often improves.
B)The typical loss of body weight ranges from 25-50 pounds.
C)Within a year, body fat returns, primarily to the abdomen.
D)Liposuction is a valid but slightly less effective alternative to gastric bypass.

Question 40

An important aid in any weight-loss diet program is to ____. ​

A)decrease water intake
B)increase physical activity
C)speed up thyroid activity with metabolic enhancers
D)develop ketosis by keeping carbohydrate intake as low as possible

Question 41

What is a characteristic of most fad diets? ​

A)They produce long-lasting results just like healthy diets.
B)They limit food choices, thereby reducing energy intake.
C)They are balanced and therefore do not require a dietary supplement.
D)Their success depends on the ratios of macronutrients more than the total energy value.

Question 42

Approximately what percentage of overweight people who intentionally lose weight are able to maintain at least a 10 percent weight loss for at least one year? ​

A)​5
B)​17
C)​50
D)​85

Question 43

What is the relationship between smoking and weight maintenance? ​

A)Smokers on average weigh about 5 pounds more than nonsmokers.
B)Smoking a cigarette increases the appetite for energy-dense foods.
C)People who give up smoking gain an average of 10 pounds in the first year.
D)Psychotherapy is effective at reducing either smoking or body weight but not both.

Question 44

John is underweight because of a prolonged illness. What approach would be most beneficial for helping John to gain some weight?

A)increasing intake of potassium-rich foods
B)reducing energy expenditure by increasing resting times
C)increasing fluid intake through water and sugar-free beverages
D)consuming a high-kcalorie, high-protein liquid formula daily

Question 45

One difference between a person with anorexia nervosa and other underweight people is that ____.

A)​p eople with anorexia may weigh less than 70 pounds at times
B)a norexia causes malnutrition
C)​s tarvation is intentional with anorexia
D)t hose with anorexia strive to control their weight

Question 46

Jody is taking a nutrition class and has been assigned to evaluate a popular diet plan. She finds a description of a plan for her assignment in a magazine at the grocery store. Which statement in the magazine would suggest that this plan is a fad diet? ​

A)"On this plan, you can lose up to 2 pounds per week!"
B)"Once you complete this 6-month plan, you'll never have to diet again."
C)"Keep fresh fruit or carrot sticks in the fridge at work so you won't be tempted to raid the vending machine for a snack."
D)"Starting an aerobic exercise plan may seem daunting, but you can start out with shorter, easier sessions and then build up to 3 or more hours a week."

Question 47

A person is classified as being underweight when his BMI is below ____.

A)​14
B)​18.5
C)​20
D)​22.5

Question 48

Which kind of food is most appropriate for an underweight individual who needs to gain weight? ​

A)avocados
B)donuts
C)dried apricots
D)chocolate

Question 49

What strategy would be most beneficial for an underweight person to gain weight? ​

A)​C onsume at least three meals per day.
B)​E at until satisfied but not full.
C)​S kip snacking and focus on regular meals.
D)​A void exercise, which promotes weight loss.

Question 50

Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults is classified as underweight? ​

A)​0.2
B)​2
C)​5
D)​10

Question 51

To help maximize the long-term success of a person's weight-loss program, which personal attitudes should be encouraged in the individual? ​

A)strongly believing that weight can be lost
B)viewing the body realistically as being fat rather than thin
C)refraining from expressing overconfidence in the ability to lose weight
D)accepting that little or no exercise is a part of the lifestyle of most overweight people

Question 52

Fad diets often produce weight loss, at least initially, because they ____. ​

A)dictate the correct distribution of energy among the macronutrients
B)prevent rapid spikes and declines in blood glucose levels
C)don't require people to count kcalories, and are thus easier to stick to
D)are designed to limit energy intake to around 1200 kcalories per day

Question 53

An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to ____. ​

A)feel guilty after overeating
B)keep a record of eating habits
C)always clean your plate
D)have someone watch you to prevent overeating

Question 54

Approximately how many kcalories per week should be expended in physical activity in order to maintain a weight loss? ​

A)​2000
B)​4000
C)​6000
D)​9000

Question 55

What statement best describes the body's response to engaging in physical activity? ​

A)After an intense and vigorous workout, metabolism remains elevated for several hours.
B)Lower body fat is more readily lost from vigorous exercises that work primarily the hip and leg muscles.
C)Blood glucose and fatty acid levels are low immediately after working out, but thereafter recover on their own.
D)After an intense workout, most people immediately feel the urge to eat a large carbohydrate meal to replace glycogen stores.

Question 56

Which recommendation is an example of a national strategy to prevent obesity? ​

A)​L imit television time to less than 20 hours per week.
B)​E ncourage media messages that promote physically active lifestyles.
C)​S upport a diet that encourages high energy-density foods with low nutrient-density foods.
D)​P romote energy expenditure of at least 3000 kcalories per week to prevent weight gain.

Question 57

What best explains the relationship of "spot reducing" to exercise? ​

A)No exercise can target fat removal from any specific area of the body.
B)Upper body fat is mostly unaffected by exercising lower body muscles.
C)Lower body fat in women is depleted at a faster rate than abdominal fat.
D)Abdominal fat in men is released more readily with anaerobic exercise.

Question 58

Carol is considering a diet plan that claims that by following their method, she will create "body confusion," which prevents metabolism from settling into homeostasis. Which diet method is Carol most likely considering? ​

A)the Biggest Loser Diet
B)the Dukan Diet
C)the 17-Day Diet
D)the New Sonoma Diet

Question 59

What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?

A)The feeling of thirst overpowers the desire for food.
B)The elevated blood lactate level antagonizes ghrelin.
C)Glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood.
D)The senses of smell and taste are suppressed for at least one hour.

Question 60

A person who weighs 150 pounds and walks at a pace of 3.5 miles per hour expends about how many kcalories in that hour? ​

A)​115
B)​315
C)​410
D)​850