Deck 23: Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question 1

The backflow of gastric contents from the stomach into the mouth is ____.

A)an esophageal stricture
B)heartburn
C)reflux
D)achalasia

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A sign of oropharyngeal dysphagia is ____.

A)a sensation of food "sticking" in the esophagus
B)nasal regurgitation
C)achalasia
D)heartburn

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A degenerative nerve condition affecting the esophagus, characterized by impaired peristalsis and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter when swallowing, is called ____.

A)achalasia
B)achlorhydria
C)hypochlorhydria
D)stricture

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which food might be included on a Level 1 National Dysphagia Diet menu?

A)slurried crackers
B)moistened puffed rice cereal
C)tender cooked meat
D)moist pancakes

Question 5

Which beverage is most appropriate for a client with dysphagia with an order for nectar-like liquids?

A)water
B)chicken broth
C)iced tea
D)tomato juice

Question 6

One of the most common complications from dysphagia is ____.

A)duodenal ulcers
B)esophageal spasm
C)aspiration
D)gastroesophageal reflux

Question 7

Interventions that can help eliminate distress from GERD include ____.

A)lying down for 30 minutes after meals
B)fluid intake with meals
C)small, frequent feedings
D)a pureed diet

Question 8

What increases risk of GERD by increasing pressure in the stomach?

A)chocolate
B)wearing tight clothing
C)diazepam
D)cigarette smoking

Question 9

Sam has been diagnosed with esophageal dysphagia. This means that he has ____.

A)difficulty passing a bolus of food through the esophagus into the stomach
B)coughing during swallowing
C)an inability to initiate swallowing
D)excessive secretion of saliva

Question 10

Eric has developed dysphagia after having a stroke. He requires mechanically altered foods that are easier to swallow. His caregiver is assisting him with eating so that he will not become malnourished. What strategy can the caregiver perform that would most likely help Eric to accept his mechanically altered foods?

A)Substitute white vegetables for brightly colored ones.
B)Serve the foods on an attractive plate.
C)Blend all foods and serve with a straw.
D)Heavily season the foods with salt and pepper.

Question 11

Which condition would most likely be a cause of esophageal dysphagia?

A)cleft palate
B)muscular dystrophy
C)stroke
D)achalasia

Question 12

Thomas received eggnog with his meal. What type of liquid is this?

A)thin
B)nectarlike
C)honeylike
D)spoon-thick

Question 13

A potential long-term consequence of unresolved esophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus is ____.

A)esophageal cancer
B)liver disease
C)peptic ulcer disease
D)kidney failure

Question 14

Pain, bloating, or discomfort in the upper abdominal area is termed ____.

A)dysphagia
B)dyspepsia
C)epigastria
D)achalasia

Question 15

The function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to ____.

A)direct food from the mouth to the esophagus
B)protect the airway during swallowing
C)prevent backflow from the esophagus
D)prevent backflow from the stomach

Question 16

What food should be avoided in Level 3 of the National Dysphagia Diet?

A)clam chowder
B)poached eggs
C)canned fruit salad
D)fruit yogurt

Question 17

Frequent reflux of highly acidic gastric fluids results in ____.

A)inflammation and scarring of the esophagus
B)stomach ulcers
C)the inability to swallow
D)an inability to use medications

Question 18

An example of a strategy used by dietitians to encourage clients on mechanically altered diets to eat is to ____.

A)allow them to eat all desired foods
B)identify a person's favorite foods and foods that have pleasant smells
C)restrict all their favorite foods
D)allow them to eat just one meal a day

Question 19

To minimize symptoms of dyspepsia, patients might be advised to do which activity?

A)Consume large meals.
B)Eat only raw foods.
C)Avoid overly seasoned foods.
D)Drink coffee rather than fruit juice.

Question 20

When evaluating dysphagia, peristalsis and sphincter pressure are measured by ____.

A)a manometer
B)X-ray
C)an echocardiogram
D)fluoroscopy

Question 21

Dumping syndrome occurs when ____.

A)nutrients are absorbed too quickly from the duodenum
B)fluids are transitioned too rapidly through the large intestine
C)food and fluids are quickly emptied from the stomach
D)food enters the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter too quickly

Question 22

Gastroparesis most often develops as a consequence of what condition?

A)cardiomyopathy
B)Kawasaki disease
C)diabetes
D)hepatitis

Question 23

In a partial gastrectomy, only part of the stomach is removed and the remaining portion is connected to the ____.

A)pyloric sphincter
B)ileum
C)duodenum
D)lower esophageal sphincter

Question 24

What meets the guidelines for a post-gastrectomy diet?

A)unlimited liquids with meals
B)unlimited simple sugar intake
C)small, frequent meals
D)infrequent, normally-sized meals

Question 25

The dietary management of acute gastritis includes ____.

A)avoiding antacids
B)eating dry crackers
C)increasing aspirin for pain
D)avoiding alcohol

Question 26

A client suffering from chronic nausea should eat ____.

A)a hot breakfast in the morning
B)a tuna salad sandwich at lunch
C)dry toast or crackers
D)bagels with jalapeno cream cheese

Question 27

Which nutrient is often needed in supplemental amounts after gastric surgeries?

A)vitamin D
B)selenium
C)magnesium
D)vitamin C

Question 28

Which beverage is recommended on a postgastrectomy diet?

A)decaffeinated coffee
B)honey-sweetened beverages
C)regular cola
D)alcohol

Question 29

Austin is a 42-year-old obese male. He is researching surgical options to lose weight. Which type of bariatric surgery is reversible?

A)gastric banding
B)gastric bypass
C)gastroduodenostomy
D)total gastrectomy

Question 30

Nutrition care and treatment of peptic ulcers includes ____.

A)quitting smoking
B)consuming dry, starchy foods
C)avoiding tight clothing
D)eating meals 30 minutes before bedtime

Question 31

Peptic ulcer patients should avoid food consumption for at least ____ before bedtime.

A)30 minutes
B)one hour
C)two hours
D)three hours

Question 32

An individual with gastritis and hypochlorhydria is most at risk of what nutrient deficiency?

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)sodium
D)phosphorus

Question 33

What percentage of individuals with chronic H. pylori infection actually develops a peptic ulcer?

A)5 to 15
B)45 to 50
C)60 to 65
D)75 to 80

Question 34

Karen has intractable vomiting. Which type of diet would be most appropriate for her?

A)gastric tube feeding
B)intestinal tube feeding
C)parenteral nutrition
D)clear liquid

Question 35

The postgastrectomy diet includes ____.

A)fluid with meals
B)refined carbohydrates
C)foods high in fat
D)supplementation with calcium and vitamin D

Question 36

Anemia may develop after a gastrectomy because ____.

A)surgery alters B₆ absorption
B)folate-rich foods are avoided
C)iron is absorbed poorly
D)lactose is absorbed poorly

Question 37

Ellen is suffering from abdominal bloating. What practice should Ellen avoid that would most likely resolve some of her symptoms?

A)drinking bottled water
B)chewing gum
C)taking estrogen
D)eating chocolate

Question 38

What is a symptom of early dumping syndrome?

A)anxiety
B)headache
C)palpitations
D)flushing

Question 39

The primary goals of nutrition after gastrectomy are to ____.

A)promote healing of stomach tissue
B)prevent dehydration
C)support nutrient excretion
D)avoid peptic ulcer development

Question 40

What is a potential side effect associated with antacids?

A)hyperglycemia
B)decreased absorption of fat
C)decreased iron absorption
D)decreased absorption of B₆

Question 41

Following bariatric surgery, what food would need to be avoided?

A)shellfish
B)ice cream
C)popcorn
D)coffee

Question 42

As plaque invades the space below the gumline of the teeth, ____ can damage the tissues that hold the tooth in place. ​

A)toxic bacterial by-products
B)calculus
C)caries
D)salivary amylase

Question 43

James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He self-diagnosed an episode of food poisoning. However, after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool, he visits his physician and is diagnosed with gastritis. Which beverage should Mr. Hammond consume while being treated for gastritis?

A)coffee
B)tea
C)cola
D)apple juice

Question 44

Long-term complications following bariatric surgery include ____.

A)peptic ulcer disease
B)pressure ulcers
C)heart failure
D)bone disease

Question 45

Amy is recovering from gastric bypass surgery and needs to learn new dietary habits. What intervention can best help Amy to promote weight loss and healing after surgery?

A)​E at meals over the course of only 5 - 10 minutes at a time.
B)​S nack throughout the day to feel satisfied.
C)​C onsume drinks only 1 hour before or after meals.
D)​C hew food thoroughly.

Question 46

James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He self-diagnosed an episode of food poisoning. However, after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool, he visits his physician and is diagnosed with gastritis. The doctor writes an order to supplement Mr. Hammond with ____ due to his blood loss.

A)iron
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)vitamin C
D)folic acid

Question 47

Cassandra Lyons is a 73-year-old retired administrative assistant. She has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Once again she is admitted to the hospital. The nurse documents that Cassandra has a productive cough and a hoarse voice. She most likely has ____.

A)oropharyngeal dysphagia
B)esophageal dysphagia
C)achalasia
D)strictures

Question 48

Why is a person with diabetes mellitus at higher risk for periodontal disease?

A)impaired immune response
B)increased rigidity of the collagen structure of tissues
C)decreased dental plaque
D)increased salivation

Question 49

An obese individual is considered to be a candidate for bariatric surgery if he or she has a BMI greater than ____, regardless of whether they have any serious obesity-associated problems.

A)25
B)30
C)35
D)40

Question 50

James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He self-diagnosed an episode of food poisoning. However, after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool, he visits his physician and is diagnosed with gastritis. Mr. Hammond's gastritis may have been caused by ____.

A)infection
B)intake of acidic foods
C)antibodies
D)intake of high-fiber foods

Question 51

James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He self-diagnosed an episode of food poisoning. However, after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool, he visits his physician and is diagnosed with gastritis. Mr. Hammond is placed on ____ for 24-48 hours to rest the stomach.

A)a mechanical soft diet
B)a bland diet
C)NPO
D)enteral nutrition support

Question 52

The inflammatory process induced by periodontal pathogens may ____.

A)slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis
B)decrease insulin resistance
C)improve immune responses
D)accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis

Question 53

To avoid dumping syndrome after bariatric surgery, a patient should ____. ​

A)consume liquids with meals
B)avoid foods high in sugars
C)avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes after eating
D)choose foods that are high in starch

Question 54

What suggestion would most likely help to manage xerostomia?

A)Consume foods with high fluid content, such as soup.
B)Take frequent sips of carbonated beverages.
C)Avoid wearing clothes that are too tight around the waist.
D)Chew gum or chewing tobacco to stimulate saliva.

Question 55

Cassandra Lyons is a 73-year-old retired administrative assistant. She has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Once again she is admitted to the hospital. Possible causes of Cassandra's condition include ____.

A)stroke
B)achalasia
C)emphysema
D)esophageal cancer

Question 56

James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He self-diagnosed an episode of food poisoning. However, after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool, he visits his physician and is diagnosed with gastritis. Mr. Hammond is prescribed antibiotics. Based on that, which is most likely to be the primary cause of his gastritis?

A)intake of alcohol
B)Helicobacter pylori
C)radiation therapy
D)bile reflux

Question 57

Cassandra Lyons is a 73-year-old retired administrative assistant. She has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Once again she is admitted to the hospital. The nurse suspects a swallowing problem and recommends an evaluation that involves direct visualization of the esophagus, which will most likely be performed by ____.

A)a barium swallow test
B)an endoscopy
C)a neurological exam
D)surgery

Question 58

Cassandra Lyons is a 73-year-old retired administrative assistant. She has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Once again she is admitted to the hospital. Cassandra is placed on a modified diet for her swallowing problem. Which food would you expect her to have the most difficulty with?

A)mashed potatoes
B)pureed meat
C)cream cheese
D)slurried cookies

Question 59

Cassandra Lyons is a 73-year-old retired administrative assistant. She has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia with weight loss for the past 5 months. Her past medical history includes high cholesterol and diabetes. Once again she is admitted to the hospital. What may have caused Cassandra's diagnosis to be delayed?

A)respiratory infection
B)abnormal cough reflex
C)dehydration
D)weight loss

Question 60

What is a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease?

A)wearing dentures
B)tobacco smoking
C)history of cardiovascular disease
D)excessive salivation