Deck 24: Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question 1

Medications that stimulate colonic contractions are called ____.

A)antispasmodic drugs
B)cholinergic agonists
C)antiemetic medications
D)prokinetic agents

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Consequences of severe diarrhea include ____.

A)weight gain
B)dehydration
C)hemorrhoids
D)paradoxical constipation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Antidiarrheal agents ____.

A)slow GI motility or reduce intestinal secretions
B)increase GI motility or increase intestinal secretions
C)slow GI motility and may help fight infectious agents
D)increase GI motility and reduce intestinal secretions

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Foods to avoid from the category of breads and cereals while on a fat-restricted diet include ____.

A)granola
B)bagels
C)pretzels
D)English muffins

Question 5

Mrs. Thomas has been suffering from a mild case of diarrhea for the past four days. What should Mrs. Thomas be given to replace fluid and electrolytes?

A)a commercial sports drink
B)low-fat milk
C)caffeine-free carbonated beverage
D)regular coffee

Question 6

What organ of the gastrointestinal tract produces enzymes that digest energy-yielding nutrients to smaller nutrient particles? large intestine

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)liver
D)large intestine

Question 7

Which menu best meets the objectives of a fat-controlled diet for a client with steatorrhea?

A)tuna fish salad, crackers, ice cream, tea
B)baked chicken, macaroni and cheese, biscuits, milk
C)pork tenderloin, plain baked potato, applesauce, tea
D)sirloin steak, potato salad, broccoli au gratin, milk

Question 8

MCT oil is commonly used in malabsorption syndromes because ____.

A)it is high in essential fatty acids
B)its absorption occurs in the large intestine
C)it does not require bile for absorption
D)it can be delivered parenterally

Question 9

The risk of constipation is increased under what condition?

A)increased food intake
B)low-fiber diet
C)increased intake of carbonated beverages
D)lactase deficiency

Question 10

A condition classified as an intestinal disorder that can lead to malabsorption is ____.

A)giardiasis
B)bile insufficiency
C)cystic fibrosis
D)radiation enteritis

Question 11

What type of laxative may cause watery stools or diarrhea?

A)fiber
B)osmotic, nonabsorbable salts
C)chloride channel activators
D)stimulant

Question 12

Nutritional consequences of fat malabsorption include ____.

A)weight gain and malnutrition
B)increase in essential amino acids
C)increased risk of bone loss
D)decreased risk of oxalate stone formation

Question 13

How does bacterial overgrowth sometimes lead to fat malabsorption?

A)The bacteria dismantle the bile acids needed for fat emulsification.
B)The bacteria compete for the sites that absorb fat.
C)The bacteria cause the formation of soaps that disrupt the fat.
D)The bacteria themselves consume the fat.

Question 14

When calcium is unable to bind oxalate, ____  can result .

A)enteric hypoxaluria
B)kidney stones
C)hypercalcemia
D)a decreased risk of osteoporosis

Question 15

Liana is four years old and suffering from diarrhea. Which food should her mother let her eat to thicken her stool?

A)applesauce
B)milk
C)grape juice
D)green beans

Question 16

Which food should be excluded from a 50-gram fat-controlled diet?

A)whole milk
B)tofu
C)starchy vegetables
D)avocado

Question 17

What condition would most likely lead to bacterial overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract?

A)gastroesophageal reflux
B)intestinal strictures
C)dyspepsia
D)celiac disease

Question 18

In ____, unabsorbed nutrients or other substances attract water to the colon and increase fecal water content.

A)osmotic diarrhea
B)secretory diarrhea
C)diarrhea associated with motility disorders
D)inflammatory diarrhea

Question 19

The food that is most likely to produce gas is ____.

A)bananas
B)dried beans and peas
C)brown rice
D)coffee

Question 20

Which food would be the best dessert for a client on a fat-controlled diet?

A)cookies
B)ice cream
C)cherry pie
D)sherbet

Question 21

What causes malabsorption in patients with cystic fibrosis?

A)lack of pancreatic enzymes reaching the small intestine
B)abnormal structure of the small intestine
C)severe anorexia associated with the respiratory problems
D)side effects of most effective medications

Question 22

What describes appropriate initial nutrition care for cases of mild-to-moderate acute pancreatitis?

A)a full liquid diet
B)MCT oil and iron supplements
C)a low-fiber diet
D)NPO

Question 23

Which nutrient has the greatest stimulating effect on pancreatic secretions?

A)carbohydrates
B)fat
C)protein
D)vitamins

Question 24

Matthew has been diagnosed with mild ulcerative colitis. He should be aware of what complication(s)?

A)inflammation of the ileum
B)fistulas
C)risk of cancer
D)retroperitoneal abscess

Question 25

The fat intake of patients with acute pancreatitis should be less than ____ grams per day.

A)30
B)50
C)70
D)90

Question 26

Which food is a potential source of gluten?

A)soy sauce
B)buttermilk
C)tofu
D)marshmallows

Question 27

What is the most frequent cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A)repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis
B)alcohol consumption
C)liver disease
D)cystic fibrosis

Question 28

What is the malabsorption syndrome that results after surgery when the absorptive capacity of the remaining intestine is insufficient for meeting nutritional needs?

A)celiac disease
B)short bowel syndrome
C)irritable bowel syndrome
D)inflammatory bowel disease

Question 29

What is a potential side effect of pancreatic enzyme replacements?

A)diarrhea
B)hematemesis
C)bloody stool
D)constipation

Question 30

Although all macronutrients are maldigested during chronic pancreatitis, the symptoms of ____ malabsorption are typically the most severe.

A)iron
B)fat
C)sodium
D)protein

Question 31

What type of drug would most likely be prescribed for a patient with inflammatory bowel disease?

A)antivirals
B)antispasmodics
C)immunosuppressants
D)stool softeners

Question 32

Pancreatitis is defined as ____.

A)production of a thick mucus that affects the pancreas
B)an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas
C)ulceration along the wall of the pancreas
D)excessive secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Question 33

An appropriate food for a client with celiac disease is ____.

A)a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on wheat bread
B)oatmeal cookies
C)applesauce
D)cheese and rye crackers

Question 34

The most appropriate diet therapy for clients with cystic fibrosis is to ____.

A)reduce fat to less than 35 grams per day
B)limit kcalories to 1200 per day
C)supply missing enzymes
D)restrict sodium

Question 35

Betsey, a client with celiac disease, asks the dietitian whether she can include oats in her diet. How should the dietitian respond?

A)You should limit your intake to about ½ cup dry rolled oats per day and monitor your tolerance.
B)You must exclude oats from your diet.
C)You can consume oats freely because they don't contain gluten like wheat or barley.
D)You should compare labels and select oats in baked form or mixed with other grains.

Question 36

Severe cases of acute pancreatitis could lead to what complication?

A)liver disease
B)systemic inflammatory response syndrome
C)intestinal obstruction
D)colon cancer

Question 37

Ulcerative colitis involves which section(s)of the gastrointestinal tract?

A)large intestine
B)small intestine
C)jejunum and rectum
D)biliary tract

Question 38

Severe exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease would require which type of diet?

A)high-kcalorie and high-protein diet
B)lactose-free diet
C)total parenteral nutrition
D)clear liquid diet

Question 39

The protein fraction in wheat gluten that has toxic effects in celiac disease is called ____.

A)glutathione
B)gliadin
C)casein
D)whey

Question 40

The protein needs of patients with acute pancreatitis are between ____ grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

A)1.0 and 1.2
B)1.2 and 1.5
C)1.5 and 1.7
D)1.7 and 2.0

Question 41

A serving of ____ usually provides enough probiotic bacteria to survive in sufficient numbers to influence bacterial populations in the large intestine.

A)kimchee
B)sauerkraut
C)yogurt
D)beer

Question 42

Which practice may increase gas formation in patients with ostomies?

A)drinking carbonated beverages
B)drinking buttermilk
C)eating parsley
D)eating yogurt

Question 43

Ms. Betty Bell is a new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and memory loss. She tells her admitting nurse that she has not had a bowel movement since 1967. Her nurse questions her further to determine that she has had irregular bowel movements for the past 40 plus years. Ms. Bell is given an order for a high-fiber diet to maintain normal bowel movements. What could prevent her intake of high-fiber foods (e.g., raw apples, salads)?

A)low acid production
B)lack of fiber enzymes
C)poor dentition
D)short-term memory problems

Question 44

A surgical procedure that creates a stoma from the final segment of the colon that remains after a colectomy is a(n)____.

A)ileostomy
B)colostomy
C)gastrostomy
D)port

Question 45

Three-year-old Jenny is on antibiotics for 10 days. In order to prevent complications, her mother was advised to add ____ to her diet.

A)fruit punch
B)sugar-free gelatin
C)saltines
D)yogurt

Question 46

Over ____ different species of bacteria reside in the colon. ​

A)​100
B)​500
C)​1000
D)​5000

Question 47

In Western societies, diverticula occur most often in which location?

A)the sigmoid colon
B)at the ileocecal valve
C)the transverse colon
D)the ascending colon

Question 48

Individuals with ____ are gluten-sensitive but react to gluten by developing a severe, itchy rash and have few GI symptoms.

A)dermatitis herpetiformis
B)cutaneous celiac disease
C)dermal dystrophy
D)gluten dermatitis

Question 49

Research with probiotics has shown that certain strains may ____.

A)shorten the duration of rotavirus-associated diarrhea in infants and children
B)prevent the need for ostomies in some patients
C)shorten the duration of exacerbations of Crohn's disease
D)prevent peptic ulcer development in older adults

Question 50

Researchers are interested in the effects of bacterial probiotics on gastrointestinal disorders and ____.

A)congenital heart disease
B)prematurity
C)cancer
D)renal failure

Question 51

Ms. Betty Bell is a new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and memory loss. She tells her admitting nurse that she has not had a bowel movement since 1967. Her nurse questions her further to determine that she has had irregular bowel movements for the past 40 plus years. What is a potential cause of  Ms. Bell's  constipation?

A)dehydration
B)a high-fiber diet
C)increased food intake
D)high levels of physical activity

Question 52

Nutrition therapy for irritable bowel syndrome would most likely include ____.

A)administering parenteral nutrition
B)avoiding food three hours before bedtime
C)increasing fluid intake with meals
D)consuming a low-FODMAP diet

Question 53

Which is a subdominant type of intestinal bacteria?

A)Enterococci
B)Bacteroides
C)Eubacteria
D)Clostridia

Question 54

People with ileostomies need to follow which nutrition practice?

A)chewing food thoroughly
B)drinking 4 to 6 cups of fluid per day
C)taking an antacid prior to meals
D)checking blood glucose levels frequently

Question 55

Which item is a potential source of gluten?

A)buttermilk
B)cottage cheese
C)chocolate milk
D)cream cheese

Question 56

Intestinal bacteria can benefit our health by ____.

A)increasing bacterial overgrowth
B)decreasing fatty acid production
C)stimulating the immune system
D)stimulating malabsorption

Question 57

Mallory has a colostomy and has been suffering from frequent diarrhea. What food would be most appropriate to help thicken stool output?

A)ice cream
B)green beans
C)oatmeal
D)dried apricots

Question 58

What is a potential nutritional consequence following resection of the ileum?

A)sodium malabsorption
B)reduced calcium and zinc absorption
C)lactose malabsorption
D)reduced potassium and phosphorus absorption

Question 59

Although adverse effects are rare, one concern related to probiotic bacteria is ____.

A)the increase in resistant strains
B)infection in immunocompromised individuals
C)the association between probiotics and heart disease
D)increased rates of contamination among products

Question 60

Which patient should be cautious about consuming probiotics?

A)a person with diabetes
B)a person with dementia
C)a person receiving chemotherapy
D)a person with influenza

Question 62

Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His past medical history includes arthritis and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool. Six months have passed and Mr. Martinez is back in the hospital to have his colon reconnected. After recovery, what type of diet should he follow to ensure regular bowel movements?

A)clear liquid
B)bland
C)low residue
D)high fiber

Question 64

Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His past medical history includes arthritis and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool. A home health nurse visits Mr. Martinez and his wife. She reinforces the importance of consuming ____.

A)nuts, seeds, and corn
B)8 cups of liquid per day
C)celery
D)a high-protein, high-kcalorie oral supplement

Question 65

Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His past medical history includes arthritis and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool. Mr. Martinez is found to have infection in the diverticula. What will his immediate treatment include?

A)antibiotics
B)high-fiber diet
C)laxatives
D)antidiarrheals

Question 66

Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His past medical history includes arthritis and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool. Four weeks later, Mr. Martinez returns to the hospital. After an extensive work-up, he is found to need surgery due to extensive damage in a portion of his colon. What type of surgery will he have?

A)diverticulosis
B)colostomy
C)ileostomy
D)gastric bypass

Question 67

Mr. Rogelio Martinez is a healthy 79-year-old, retired factory worker. His past medical history includes arthritis and irregular bowel movements. His wife urges him to go to the emergency department of the local hospital after three episodes of blood in his stool. What describes the diet progression for Mr. Martinez?

A)NPO, clear liquid, high fiber, low residue
B)NPO, high fiber, low residue, clear liquid
C)high fiber, low residue, NPO, clear liquid
D)NPO, clear liquid, low residue, high fiber

Question 68

Ms. Betty Bell is a new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and memory loss. She tells her admitting nurse that she has not had a bowel movement since 1967. Her nurse questions her further to determine that she has had irregular bowel movements for the past 40 plus years. Ms. Bell's constipation could be related to which condition?

A)depression
B)confusion
C)memory loss
D)anxiety

Question 74

Ms. Betty Bell is a new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and memory loss. She tells her admitting nurse that she has not had a bowel movement since 1967. Her nurse questions her further to determine that she has had irregular bowel movements for the past 40 plus years. Ms. Bell is ordered a high-fiber, mechanical soft diet. Which food would most likely be included on her dinner tray?

A)chunky peanut butter
B)ground meat
C)grapes
D)raw vegetables

Question 78

Ms. Betty Bell is a new resident to Lake Nursing Home. She has a history of osteoporosis, depression, and memory loss. She tells her admitting nurse that she has not had a bowel movement since 1967. Her nurse questions her further to determine that she has had irregular bowel movements for the past 40 plus years. A potential side effect of a high-fiber diet is ____.

A)diarrhea
B)diverticulosis
C)flatulence
D)ostomy