Deck 29: Cancer and Hiv Infection

Question 1

The main reason cruciferous vegetables are considered cancer fighters is because they ____.

A)are high in fiber
B)are low in fat
C)contain phytochemicals
D)support the immune system

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Why do cancer patients tend to reduce their food intake?

A)spasticity
B)foodborne illness
C)pain
D)bacterial overgrowth

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which guideline is appropriate in reducing cancer risk?

A)Strive to maintain a BMI between 22 and 28.
B)Engage in at least 45 minutes of physical exercise 7 days a week.
C)Consume at least ½ cup of starchy vegetables or fruits every day.
D)Limit sedentary activities such as watching television.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Malabsorption of ____ is associated with gastric resection.

A)vitamin B₁₂
B)vitamin C
C)niacin
D)zinc

Question 5

Hematopoietic stem cell transplants can be used as a primary treatment for ____.

A)leukemia
B)gliomas
C)pancreatic cancer
D)breast cancer

Question 6

Melanoma is a type of cancer that arises from ____.

A)pigmented skin cells
B)lymph tissues
C)epithelial tissues
D)glandular tissues

Question 7

Radiation enteritis is inflammation of the ____ cells.

A)skin
B)epithelial
C)intestinal
D)beta

Question 8

Which food or beverage may decrease risk for colon cancer?

A)T-bone steak
B)beer
C)bologna
D)nonfat milk

Question 9

About 1 in ____ cancer deaths can be attributed to alcohol consumption.

A)5
B)10
C)30
D)50

Question 10

Larry has a family history of cancer and wants to decrease his chances of getting it. Which food item may decrease risk of prostate cancer?

A)milk
B)pork  chops
C)tomatoes
D)oranges

Question 11

Cancer ranks number ____ among the causes of death in the United States.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 12

Toxins found in moldy grains and peanuts are most commonly associated with which type of cancer?

A)liver
B)leukemia
C)bladder
D)breast

Question 13

There is evidence that an adequate intake of ____ protects against the development of cancers of the lung, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus.

A)meat
B)fruits and vegetables
C)unsaturated fat
D)protein

Question 14

A new growth of tissue that forms an abnormal mass with no function is a ____.

A)carcinogen
B)tumor
C)benign mass
D)metastasis

Question 15

The result of ____, the first step in the progression of tumor development, is the formation of genetic mutations that alter gene expression and induce abnormal cell division.

A)carcinogenesis
B)promotion
C)initiation
D)metastasis

Question 16

The type of cancer that arises from white blood cell precursors is ____.

A)carcinoma
B)glioma
C)leukemia
D)melanoma

Question 17

Diabetes mellitus is a possible side effect of ____ resection .

A)pancreatic
B)esophageal
C)gastric
D)intestinal

Question 18

Methotrexate, a medication used for chemotherapy, resembles ____.

A)iron
B)folate
C)vitamin K
D)selenium

Question 19

To minimize carcinogen formation during cooking, ____.

A)use high-heat options, such as an outdoor grill
B)marinate meat before cooking
C)choose fatty cuts of meat
D)cook all meat until well done

Question 20

The drugs used during chemotherapy are known as ____.

A)antineogenesis drugs
B)antispasmodic medications
C)antineoplastic agents
D)antimetabolite drugs

Question 21

What is a characteristic of lipodystrophy?

A)breast enlargement
B)swelling and edema in the face
C)thin, weak extremities
D)fat accumulation in the hips

Question 22

Which cancer site may require tube feeding, TPN, or a fat- and lactose-restricted diet prescription?

A)kidneys
B)pancreas
C)intestine
D)brain

Question 23

HIV is most often spread through which route?

A)sexual transmission
B)sharing infected needles
C)transmission from infected mother to child
D)unsafe food handling practices

Question 24

What causes the abnormalities seen in glucose and fat metabolism in patients with HIV?

A)disease progression
B)side effects of medications
C)sedentary lifestyle
D)genetic predisposition

Question 25

Daily intake of protein in cancer patients with cachexia should be ____ g/kg.

A)0.4 to 1.0
B)1.0 to 1.6
C)1.6 to 2.2
D)2.2 to 2.8

Question 26

What best describes the action of immune checkpoint inhibitors?

A)blocking proteins that prevent the immune system from attacking cancer cells
B)attacking immune host cells in transplanted tissue
C)producing new white blood cells from the bone marrow
D)preventing cancer by enhancing immune responses

Question 27

The best dietary intervention for a cancer patient experiencing a metallic taste is to ____.

A)serve meat very warm
B)use poultry, fish, or eggs instead of red meat
C)avoid all foods containing protein
D)provide mouth care after meals

Question 28

What is a risk factor for liver cancer?

A)asbestos
B)hexavalent chromium
C)hepatitis B or C infection
D)ultraviolet radiation

Question 29

Dietary modifications that might be appropriate for a patient with cancer of the brain include ____.

A)fluid restrictions
B)a mechanically altered diet
C)total parenteral nutrition
D)protein restrictions

Question 30

Anamaria Kruschenko has been diagnosed with neutropenia. Which meal would be most appropriate?

A)Greek salad with whole milk
B)macaroni and cheese with canned fruit cocktail
C)tuna sandwich and an apple
D)bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich and chocolate pudding

Question 31

The cells essential for immune function that are affected by HIV infection are ____. ​

A)CD4+ T cells
B)red blood cells
C)pigmented skin cells
D)antibodies

Question 32

What is a cause of anorexia in patients with HIV infection?

A)constipation
B)physical exertion
C)respiratory infections
D)lipodystrophy

Question 33

What food should a patient with immunosuppression avoid?

A)pasteurized milk products
B)smoked or cured meats
C)unwashed raw fruits
D)baked goods with high-fructose corn syrup

Question 34

What is a risk factor for skin cancer?

A)arsenic
B)hexavalent chromium
C)hepatitis B or C infection
D)infection with Helicobacter pylori

Question 35

Infections from microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in the general population but can cause great harm in people with HIV are called ____.

A)tissue rejection
B)AIDS-defining illnesses
C)opportunistic infections
D)lipomas

Question 36

Although the global incidence of HIV infection has been declining in recent years, its prevalence continues to be highest in ____.

A)sub-Saharan Africa
B)the United Arab Emirates
C)northern Africa
D)southeast Asia

Question 37

Up to ____ percent of patients with cancer combine one or more complementary and alternative medicine approaches with standard treatment.

A)36
B)45
C)68
D)83

Question 38

A type of cancer that results in skin lesions and that may occur in people with AIDS is ____.

A)adenomas
B)gliomas
C)Kaposi's  sarcoma
D)thrush

Question 39

What intervention is most appropriate for a patient who suffers from frequent nausea related to chemotherapy?

A)Consume liquids only with meals.
B)Avoid foods that have strong odors.
C)Consume the largest meal of the day in the morning.
D)Eat a meal just before chemotherapy treatments.

Question 40

An estimated ____ percent of persons in the United States who have HIV are unaware they have been infected.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)21

Question 41

The most common food intoxication is ____.

A)E.coli
B)toxoplasma
C)botulism
D)staphylococcal food poisoning

Question 42

Which type of enteral feeding is preferred in cases of severe malabsorption for patients with HIV?

A)energy-dense formulas administered via tube feeding
B)hydrolyzed formulas with MCT administered via tube feeding
C)hydrolyzed formulas with MCT administered orally
D)high-protein formulas with MCT administered orally

Question 43

Honey may contain dormant bacterial spores, which can awaken in the human body to produce ____.

A)botulism
B)Campylobacter
C)Listeria
D)E.coli

Question 44

What dietary intervention is required with use of didanosine?

A)Avoid magnesium supplements and alcohol.
B)Include folate supplementation.
C)Take all doses with food.
D)Avoid taking with a high-fat meal.

Question 45

Leftovers should be thoroughly reheated to at least ____ ^oC.

A)125
B)145
C)165
D)185

Question 46

People who take antiretroviral drugs are at greater risk of developing which condition?

A)end-stage renal disease
B)pancreatitis
C)insulin resistance
D)cirrhosis

Question 47

What is a primary objective of nutrition therapy for HIV?

A)providing micronutrient supplements
B)maintaining lean body mass
C)reducing risk of hypolipidemia
D)correcting changes in blood glucose

Question 48

Onset of toxoplasma typically occurs ____ after exposure to the toxin .

A)1-6 hours
B)8-16 hours
C)1-3 days
D)7-21 days

Question 49

Campylobacter is most commonly spread through ____.

A)unwashed fruits and vegetables
B)person-to-person contact
C)undercooked poultry
D)raw cookie dough

Question 50

Water can transmit a parasite that causes ____ in HIV-infected individuals.

A)Kaposi's sarcoma
B)cryptosporidiosis
C)pneumonia
D)listeriosis

Question 51

Toxicity means that a substance ____.

A)can cause harm if enough is consumed
B)is not safe at any level of consumption
C)is likely to cause harm in common, real-life situations
D)results in appreciable morbidity and mortality if consumed

Question 52

Patients taking the NRTI zidovudine should be told to ____.

A)take it on an empty stomach
B)take it 2 hours before or 3 hours after a meal
C)avoid taking it with a high-fat meal
D)avoid magnesium supplements while taking it

Question 53

What is an example of a foodborne infection?

A)E.coli
B)botulism
C)toxoplasma
D)staphylococcal food poisoning

Question 54

Which type of drug prevents HIV from entering the cells by binding to a viral protein needed for its entry?

A)integrase inhibitors
B)nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
C)protease inhibitors
D)fusion inhibitors

Question 55

Cold foods should be kept at ____ ^oC  or lower.

A)30
B)40
C)50
D)60

Question 56

What is an example of a drug classified as a CCR5 antagonist?

A)maraviroc
B)enfuvirtide
C)ritonavir
D)zidovudine

Question 57

An estimated ____ million cases of foodborne illnesses occur each year in the United States.

A)28
B)38
C)48
D)58

Question 58

Among foodborne infections, ____ are the leading causes of hospitalizations and deaths.

A)E.coli and Listeria
B)norovirus and Salmonella
C)Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter
D)norovirus and Listeria

Question 59

When serving hot foods, temperatures should be at least ____ ^oC.

A)120
B)130
C)140
D)150

Question 60

Ground beef should be cooked to an internal temperature of at least ____ ^oC.

A)100
B)120
C)140
D)160

Question 64

Sixty-four-year-old Jeffery Thomson has been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He has experienced a 20-pound weight loss in the past 2 months due to decreased appetite and difficulty eating. He will begin cancer treatment in a week and is visiting with the registered dietitian for nutrition counseling. Mr. Thomson continues his cancer treatment and is scheduled for esophageal resection. What is a possible complication after surgery?

A)reflux
B)urinary incontinence
C)inability to taste food
D)dumping syndrome

Question 65

Sixty-four-year-old Jeffery Thomson has been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He has experienced a 20-pound weight loss in the past 2 months due to decreased appetite and difficulty eating. He will begin cancer treatment in a week and is visiting with the registered dietitian for nutrition counseling. Possible dietary interventions to better meet Mr. Thomson's nutritional needs include ____.

A)serving large portions
B)tube feeding
C)a bland diet
D)a high-kcalorie, high-protein diet

Question 67

Fifty-eight-year-old Janet Englewood has been living with HIV for the past 15 years. Today she returns to her physician for a follow-up appointment. Which diet is most appropriate for Janet?

A)high kcalorie, high protein
B)clear liquids with TPN
C)regular
D)no concentrated sweets, low saturated fat, low cholesterol

Question 69

Sixty-four-year-old Jeffery Thomson has been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He has experienced a 20-pound weight loss in the past 2 months due to decreased appetite and difficulty eating. He will begin cancer treatment in a week and is visiting with the registered dietitian for nutrition counseling. Mr. Thomson begins ____. His doctor chooses this treatment because it is better able to target specific parts of the body.

A)radiation therapy
B)chemotherapy
C)dietary therapy
D)acupuncture

Question 71

Fifty-eight-year-old Janet Englewood has been living with HIV for the past 15 years. Today she returns to her physician for a follow-up appointment. Janet is taking ritonavir. What instructions should she receive?

A)It should be taken on an empty stomach.
B)It must be taken with food.
C)It should be taken 1.5 hours before or 2 hours after a meal.
D)It is one of the few protease inhibitors that do not interact with alcohol.

Question 72

Fifty-eight-year-old Janet Englewood has been living with HIV for the past 15 years. Today she returns to her physician for a follow-up appointment. Which statement explains why Janet does not take a multivitamin-mineral supplement?

A)"People with HIV don't need them."
B)"My other medications interact with some supplements."
C)"They will increase my weight."
D)"Supplements can accelerate my disease."

Question 74

Sixty-four-year-old Jeffery Thomson has been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He has experienced a 20-pound weight loss in the past 2 months due to decreased appetite and difficulty eating. He will begin cancer treatment in a week and is visiting with the registered dietitian for nutrition counseling. If Mr. Thomson's cancer spreads, it will be considered ____.

A)malignant
B)benign
C)metastasized
D)carcinogenic

Question 75

Fifty-eight-year-old Janet Englewood has been living with HIV for the past 15 years. Today she returns to her physician for a follow-up appointment. Janet should expect the doctor to check her ____ to assess disease progression.

A)viral load
B)beta cells
C)white blood cells
D)albumin

Question 77

Sixty-four-year-old Jeffery Thomson has been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He has experienced a 20-pound weight loss in the past 2 months due to decreased appetite and difficulty eating. He will begin cancer treatment in a week and is visiting with the registered dietitian for nutrition counseling. Factors than can decrease the risk of esophageal cancer include intake of ____.

A)high-vitamin C foods
B)alcohol
C)high-calcium foods
D)high-sugar foods

Question 79

Fifty-eight-year-old Janet Englewood has been living with HIV for the past 15 years. Today she returns to her physician for a follow-up appointment. The physician reports that Janet's blood glucose, LDL, and total cholesterol are elevated. She has also gained a significant amount of weight. Janet is diagnosed with ____.

A)HIV cachexia
B)AIDS
C)HIV lipodystrophy
D)ARDS