Deck 7: International Organizations and Transnational Actors

Question 1

In liberal theory, international organizations address which of the following problems for states trying to solve collective action problems?

A) Punishment, retribution, and enforcement.
B) Peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, and law enforcement.
C) Lobbying, agenda-setting, and campaign managing.
D) Transaction costs, monitoring, and information gathering.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The primary difference between an international governmental organization and a nongovernmental organization is

A) the geographic region in which they are located.
B) whether states or private actors are members.
C) the global reach of the organization.
D) the focus of their work.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which actor consists of at least three nation-states?

A) Nongovernment organizations
B) Red Cross
C) International governmental organizations
D) Transnational organizations

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The European Union is best described as a __________.

A) Transnational corporation
B) Transnational advocacy network
C) Regional international governmental organization (IGO)
D) Global IGO

Question 5

Which of the following is a regional security IGO?

A) World Trade Organization
B) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
C) U.N. Security Council
D) Human Rights Watch

Question 6

Making international decisions by negotiation and agreement between state representatives is called

A) intergovernmentalism.
B) transaction costs.
C) arbitration.
D) good offices.

Question 7

Which of the following theories claims that states form IGOs because it is in their interest to do so, as they help to solve problems more easily and less expensively?

A) Liberal institutionalism
B) Constructivism
C) Structuralism
D) Complex interdependency

Question 8

Which human rights NGO publicized the arrest of an outspoken critic of Gaddafi's rule in Libya and later provided much of the information relied upon by international media and governments?

A) Medicins Sans Frontiere
B) International Red Cross
C) Amnesty International
D) Oxfam

Question 9

Delegating international decisions to an international organization is called

A) illegitimate.
B) democratic deficit.
C) supranationalism.
D) world governmentalism.

Question 10

A founding principle of the United Nations highlights the importance of

A) global peace.
B) economic development.
C) nongovernmental organizations.
D) state sovereignty.

Question 11

Many countries are late in paying their membership dues to the United Nations. What is the percentage of those members who fail to pay their dues in full and on time?

A) 20 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 80 percent

Question 12

Which part of the United Nations has as its main purpose the creation of a forum for debate on global issues and to express international consensus?

A) General Assembly
B) Security Council
C) International Court of Justice
D) Food and Agricultural Organization

Question 13

The voting framework for the General Assembly of the United Nations is based on

A) the veto power of the great powers.
B) one state, one vote.
C) the economic share of the world's regions.
D) the victorious countries following World War II.

Question 14

Which of the following IGOs reduces transaction costs by providing an ongoing procedure for over a hundred countries to coordinate their tariffs with each other?

A) International Monetary Fund
B) World Trade Organization
C) World Bank
D) International Court of Justice

Question 15

A transnational corporation can be characterized as

A) an organization dedicated to a common global goal.
B) a humanitarian NGO.
C) a company with headquarters operations in multiple locations.
D) a company with sales and production present in more than one country.

Question 16

A major objective of the United Nations is to

A) solve global environmental problems.
B) protect the world's children.
C) promote peace and development.
D) solve the crisis in the Middle East.

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true about IGOs?

A) There are thousands of IGOs in the world today.
B) IGOs generally have permanent secretariats or bureaucracies.
C) Their membership consists of three or more nation-states.
D) IGOs have extremely limited ability to accomplish anything.

Question 18

Resolutions passed by the UN General Assembly

A) are considered international law.
B) have limited legal authority.
C) are dependent upon Security Council approval.
D) immediately alter the course of world events.

Question 19

Which of the following concepts refer to efforts needed to negotiate and organize collaboration?

A) Arbitration
B) Synchronicity
C) Transaction costs
D) Mediation

Question 20

The principle that any issue that can be dealt with adequately at the national level should be left to that level is called

A) federalism.
B) conferederalism.
C) subsidiarity.
D) unicameralism.

Question 21

Which United Nations component is the only one which permits its members to have veto power?

A) General Assembly
B) Security Council
C) Secretariat of the UN
D) International Court of Justice

Question 22

The ten nonpermanent members of the United Nations are elected to

A) two-year terms by the General Assembly.
B) four-year terms by the General Assembly.
C) two-year terms by the Security Council.
D) four-year terms by the Security Council.

Question 23

The U.N. failed to intervene in 1994 in __________, in which over 800,000 people were killed, mostly with clubs and machetes.

A) Yugoslavia
B) Sudan
C) Rwanda
D) Zimbabwe

Question 24

Why do some people believe the United Nations is irrelevant?

A) They believe that it is not a respected organization because the United States has too much power.
B) They believe it is irrelevant because it is too large.
C) They believe it has little legal or military power to compel other actors.
D) They believe NATO and the EU are more powerful and useful organizations.

Question 25

Some people view the United Nations as dangerous. Evidence of this point of view can be found in

A) the Left Behind series of novels.
B) the religious Right.
C) the extreme Left.
D) the Third World.

Question 26

As established, the purpose of the Security Council is to

A) prevent conflict in the world by performing deterrent, peacekeeping, and negotiating functions.
B) distribute wealth from the rich to the poor countries.
C) protect the interests of the industrialized countries of the world.
D) create and sustain a large, though ineffective, UN bureaucracy.

Question 27

The European Union was established in order to

A) offset the power and wealth of the United States.
B) promote peace by binding countries together economically.
C) be the first step toward a world government.
D) create a European military to fight global terrorism.

Question 28

Most of the recent deployments of UN peacekeeping forces have been in response to

A) international wars.
B) wars mainly occurring in Europe.
C) civil wars within collapsing states.
D) wars focusing heavily on self-defense.

Question 29

Which of the following was not an original permanent member of the United Nations Security Council?

A) United Kingdom
B) Soviet Union
C) Germany
D) France

Question 30

The author presents all of the following views of the United Nations' future except

A) world government.
B) tool for states.
C) eventual collapse.
D) source of norms.

Question 31

The original institution that led to the formation of the European Union was

A) the United Nations.
B) NATO.
C) the World Bank.
D) the European Coal and Steel Community.

Question 32

Peacekeeping missions are most likely to succeed when

A) the United States decides to provide its own troops.
B) NATO forces join with UN peacekeeping forces.
C) the conflict is very small and limited.
D) the conflicting parties hope to avoid conflict.

Question 33

Which international relations theoretical perspective best explains the United Nations as a source of international norms?

A) Constructivism
B) Realism
C) Liberalism
D) Economic structuralism

Question 34

Second generation peacekeeping has as an objective all of the following except

A) offering humanitarian relief.
B) running elections.
C) protecting civilians.
D) remaining neutral in conflicts.

Question 35

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and World Health Organization (WHO) are examples of

A) nongovernmental organizations associated with the United Nations.
B) specialized agencies of the United Nations.
C) organizations established by the European Union.
D) agencies under the management of the U.S. Department of State.

Question 36

The main purpose of the General Assembly is to

A) pass laws.
B) end conflict.
C) provide a forum for debate on global issues.
D) provide humanitarian assistance to those in need.

Question 37

The current Secretary-General of the United Nations is

A) Kofi Annan.
B) Jimmy Carter.
C) Ban Ki-moon.
D) Nelson Mandela.

Question 38

The United Nations General Assembly's power is actually very clear over which of the following?

A) Over convening binding arbitration panels to resolve conflicts
B) Over the U.N. budget
C) Over resolutions calling for collective security actions against aggressing states
D) Over handling of trust territories

Question 39

President __________, who played a major role in setting up the U.N., recognized that the organization would never work if the "great powers" could be outvoted by the smaller ones.

A) Woodrow Wilson
B) Franklin Roosevelt
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Herbert Hoover

Question 40

What part of the United Nations performs organizational, budgetary, translation, research, and other support services and administers decisions?

A) General Assembly
B) Security Council
C) Secretariat
D) Parliament

Question 41

By 2015, how many states were members of the European Union?

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 28

Question 42

Members of the European Parliament are

A) selected by the European Commission.
B) chosen by each European government.
C) elected directly by the citizens.
D) selected by representatives of the UN and the European Union.

Question 43

The evolution of the European Union focused on these two processes.

A) Financial and political
B) Military and financial
C) Widening and deepening
D) Global and regional

Question 44

The __________ branch of the EU represents the governments of the member states.

A) European Commission
B) Council
C) European Parliament
D) European Court of Justice

Question 45

According to the Lisbon Treaty, the President of the EU Council will

A) serve a four-year term.
B) serve a two-and-a-half-year term.
C) will rotate every six months.
D) serve a three-year term.

Question 46

The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, relations with Russia, and policy toward the global financial crisis have all been characterized by

A) divisions between Europe and the United States.
B) agreement between Europe and the United States.
C) strong support from Europe for U.S. policies.
D) strong opposition from all EU member states.

Question 47

Today, transnational actors

A) do not include international terrorist groups.
B) are declining in influence.
C) are limited in scope by recent EU initiatives.
D) are rapidly changing international politics.

Question 48

__________ is the concept used in the formation of the European Union that focused on how each step would build an interest in collaboration, leading to demands for further steps.

A) Spillover
B) Incrementalism
C) Evolutionary
D) Rationality

Question 49

The European Commission is analogous to

A) the cabinet in a domestic government.
B) the executive branch in a domestic government.
C) the legislature in a domestic government.
D) the Supreme Court in a domestic government.

Question 50

The significance of the Treaty of Rome was its role in

A) establishing the European Union.
B) establishing the European Parliament.
C) establishing the European Constitution.
D) establishing the Westphalian state system.

Question 51

Which of the following states was not an original signatory to the Treaty of Rome?

A) Italy
B) Belgium
C) Great Britain
D) West Germany

Question 52

The 1992 Maastricht Treaty stated as its goal the

A) establishment of a single currency.
B) maintenance of distinct foreign policy positions of all member states.
C) writing of a new constitution.
D) provision of separate tariff and non-tariff barriers between countries.

Question 53

Which of the following countries has not adopted the euro?

A) France
B) Italy
C) Great Britain
D) Germany

Question 54

Which of the following IGOs has pushed the bounds of international collaboration further than any other IGO?

A) United Nations
B) World Trade Organization
C) International Monetary Fund
D) European Union

Question 55

The European Coal and Steel Community eventually became the

A) United Nations.
B) World Trade Organization (WTO).
C) European Union.
D) G-8.

Question 56

The Free Trade Area involves which of the following stages of economic integration?

A) Removal of tariffs among members
B) Harmonizing of regulations
C) Common external tariff
D) Free movement of labor and capital

Question 57

Half of the European Union budget consists of

A) military expansion.
B) agricultural subsidies.
C) social welfare expenditures.
D) education and health expenditures.

Question 58

Britain became a member of the EU in

A) 1962.
B) 1952.
C) 1972.
D) 1975.

Question 59

Europe's single currency, the euro, has to some extent

A) failed as a common currency.
B) decreased its value relative to the dollar.
C) not been sought after by other investors and businesses.
D) displaced the dollar as the standard currency for international transactions.

Question 60

Although transnational corporations (TNCs) have existed for hundreds of years, today's TNCs are different in terms of

A) pursuing global strategies for production, sales, research, and investment.
B) targeting only a few regions of the world.
C) having most of their products manufactured in just a few countries.
D) remaining politically neutral in most instances.

Question 61

Which organizations act across national boundaries to pursue political, social, or cultural goals?

A) International governmental organizations
B) Transnational corporations
C) National states
D) Transnational advocacy networks

Question 62

One early transnational actor, the Hudson Bay Company, was first established  to exploit a demand for

A) fur.
B) tea.
C) spices.
D) rum.

Question 63

What are the primary objectives of the reforms of the United Nations? Which reforms are more likely to succeed?

Question 64

Those who are skeptical about the demise of the Westphalian system believe

A) that the state will survive because it has a monopoly on the use of force.
B) that the state will eventually take back its power.
C) that the state will survive because nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international governmental organizations (IGOs) lack funding.
D) that IGOs and NGOs will eventually grow tired of running the system.

Question 65

All of the following international organizations are transnational advocacy networks except

A) Human Rights Watch.
B) Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
C) Greenpeace.
D) Doctors Without Borders.

Question 66

How do transnational corporations help a country's level of development? How do they hinder a country's development?

Question 67

What are the main defining characteristics of international governmental organizations (IGOs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)? How are they different? In what ways are they similar?

Question 68

Most governments today tend to

A) avoid inviting transnational corporations into their country.
B) welcome the arrival of transnational corporations into their country.
C) exert almost complete control over the investments of transnational corporations.
D) cooperate with only a few transnational corporations.

Question 69

How are transnational advocacy networks able to influence governments? Provide at least three methods of influence. Give examples to illustrate your views.

Question 70

Discuss the historical evolution of the European Union. What were the main motivating factors behind the creation and growth of the European Union?

Question 71

While the size of the state sphere has stayed constant or diminished, the size of the nonstate sphere has increased dramatically. This has caused some to argue that

A) states are no longer interested in power.
B) the Westphalian state system may be ending.
C) military power is no longer important.
D) states are choosing to give up their power to international organizations.

Question 72

What are the three barriers to the simple application of UN-sponsored force to retaliate against aggression?

Question 73

The process of forcing foreign companies to sell their investments for less than they are worth is known as

A) divestment.
B) disinvestment.
C) expropriation.
D) privatization.

Question 74

Foreign governments often are more likely to work with transnational advocacy networks (TANs) rather than other governments because they perceive TANs as being

A) incompetent.
B) politically weak.
C) neutral in the conflict.
D) wealthy and willing to provide support.

Question 75

Many transnational advocacy networks perform a function that identifies and publicizes government shortcomings so that others can promote accountability. This function is known as

A) a watchdog.
B) a whistleblower.
C) spillover.
D) good governance.

Question 76

Compare and contrast the roles and powers of the United Nations' General Assembly and Security Council? Which powers of the two bodies do you believe deserve augmenting? Why?

Question 77

To a great extent, transnational advocacy networks do all of the following functions except

A) provide financial backing for resolving global problems.
B) set the agenda for other governments.
C) define the key issues which affect other actors.
D) promote global norms.

Question 78

What are the primary challenges facing the European Union? Will the EU continue to widen and deepen its structure and functions?

Question 79

One of the major issues concerning the political impact of transnational corporations is that they

A) strengthen the political independence of countries.
B) are major supporters of the spread of global democracy.
C) effectively erode state sovereignty.
D) are eager to cooperate with international organizations on the environment.

Question 80

The main difference between foreign companies that invest in "portfolio investments" and those that invest in "bricks and mortar" investments concerns the

A) total value of the investment.
B) mobility of the assets.
C) degree to which countries can regulate those investments.
D) origin of those investments.