Deck 2: Carbohydrates

Question 1

The digestive tract begins at the ____ and ends at the ____.

A)stomach; large intestine
B)pharynx; rectum
C)lower esophageal sphincter; rectum
D)mouth; anus
E)tongue; renal glands

Answer 1

D

Question 2

People should not eat certain food combinations at the same meal because the digestive system cannot handle more than one task at a time.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Segmentation propels or pushes food through the GI tract, while peristalsis mixes the food, with a more gradual pushing motion.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Pepsin cannot function in the strong acidic environment of the stomach.

Question 5

The stomach empties into the:

A)ileum.
B)cecum.
C)jejunum.
D)duodenum.
E)gallbladder.

Question 6

Another name for the digestive tract is the:

A)urinary tract.
B)exocrine system.
C)gastrointestinal tract.
D)muscular system.
E)bolus reduction system.

Question 7

Of all the organs in the GI tract, the small intestine has the thickest walls and strongest muscles.

Question 8

Chyme is a(n):

A)semiliquid mass of partially digested food.
B)portion of food swallowed at one time.
C)enzyme in the stomach needed for the digestion of protein.
D)esophageal secretion.
E)digesting liquid, similar to pepsin.

Question 9

Saliva protects tooth surfaces and the linings of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach from attack by molecules that might be harmful.

Question 10

The ____ is formed in the mouth.

A)bile
B)bolus
C)chyme
D)villus
E)sphincter

Question 11

The ____ prevents food from entering the lungs.

A)lower esophageal sphincter
B)pharynx
C)ileocecal valve
D)epiglottis
E)esophagus

Question 12

The movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the:

A)pancreas.
B)pyloric sphincter.
C)ileocecal valve.
D)duodenum.
E)epiglottis.

Question 13

Two organs that secrete digestive juices into the small intestine are the ____ and the ____.

A)gallbladder; pancreas
B)pancreas; liver
C)gallbladder; liver
D)duodenum; pancreas
E)appendix; prostate

Question 14

Drinking plenty of water in conjunction with eating foods high in fiber supplies fluid for the fiber to take up, thus relieving constipation.

Question 15

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass through the:

A)pyloric sphincter.
B)lower esophageal sphincter.
C)ileocecal valve.
D)bolus.
E)pancreas.

Question 16

Digestion is completed in the large intestine.

Question 17

Some partially digested nutrients can be caught in the microvilli, but they cannot be further digested.

Question 18

A bolus is a(n):

A)sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
B)portion of food swallowed at one time.
C)enzyme that hydrolyzes starch.
D)portion of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.
E)small, indigestible portion of food that can get stuck in the large intestine.

Question 19

The mouth initiates the liquefying process to reduce the food to a coarse mash suitable for swallowing.

Question 20

A nutrient or other substance must pass through the cells of the digestive tract wall before it actually enters the body.

Question 21

The main function of bile is to:

A)emulsify fats.
B)stimulate the activity of protein digestive enzymes.
C)neutralize the intestinal contents.
D)decrease the acidity of the contents of the stomach.
E)increase the acidity of the contents of the stomach.

Question 22

Which organ contributes juices to the GI tract during digestion?

A)mesenchyme
B)colon
C)renal glands
D)pancreas
E)esophagus

Question 23

After the pancreatic juices have mixed with chyme in the intestine, the resulting mixture is:

A)very acidic.
B)slightly acidic.
C)strongly alkaline.
D)slightly alkaline.
E)very basic.

Question 24

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:

A)segmentation.
B)rotation.
C)peristalsis.
D)liquefaction.
E)digestion.

Question 25

The liver:

A)reabsorbs water and salts.
B)makes bile.
C)churns food to chyme.
D)performs enzymatic digestion.
E)shunts bloods away from the stomach during digestion.

Question 26

The gallbladder:

A)reabsorbs water and salts.
B)churns food to chyme.
C)performs enzymatic digestion.
D)stores bile.
E)produces gall stones that aid in the digestion of fiber.

Question 27

Enzymes:

A)facilitate chemical reactions.
B)draw water into the small intestine.
C)are present in all parts of the GI tract.
D)encourage bacterial growth.
E)discourage water removal by the duodenum.

Question 28

Which enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

A)carbohydrase
B)lipase
C)salivary amylase
D)gastric protease
E)salivary chymylase

Question 29

The nutrients that are digested in the small intestine are ____.

A)carbohydrate, fat, and protein
B)fat, water, and fiber
C)protein, vitamins, and fiber
D)water, fiber, and minerals
E)carbohydrate, fiber, and minerals

Question 30

Which substance is not found in gastric juice?

A)water
B)lipase
C)chylomicrons
D)hydrochloric acid
E)pepsin

Question 31

In addition to hydrochloric acid, the stomach cells also secrete:

A)mucus.
B)bile.
C)amylase.
D)lipoproteins.
E)lactase.

Question 32

Which organ is the primary source of digestive enzymes?

A)pancreas
B)gallbladder
C)small intestine
D)liver
E)spleen

Question 33

The normal pH of the stomach is:

A)very acidic.
B)slightly acidic.
C)neutral.
D)slightly alkaline.
E)strongly alkaline.

Question 34

The major digestive work in the stomach is the initial breakdown of:

A)starch.
B)proteins.
C)fat.
D)vitamins.
E)minerals.

Question 35

If the gallbladder becomes diseased, the digestion of ____ can become compromised.

A)fat
B)protein
C)carbohydrate
D)fiber
E)minerals

Question 36

The products of amylase digestion in the mouth are:

A)proteins.
B)monosaccharides and lactose.
C)polysaccharides and maltose.
D)polysaccharides and sucrose.
E)lipids and proteins.

Question 37

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:

A)amylase.
B)lipase.
C)pepsin.
D)disaccharidase.
E)sucrase.

Question 38

The digestion of proteins begins in the ____ and ends in the ____.

A)stomach; pancreas
B)pancreas; small intestine
C)stomach; small intestine
D)small intestine; liver
E)mouth; liver

Question 39

"Peristalsis" is a term that refers to the:

A)circulation of blood in the blood vessels.
B)absorption of food in the intestines.
C)mixing and moving of food through the lymphatic system.
D)action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract.
E)breakdown of food in the stomach.

Question 40

The function of mucus in the stomach is to:

A)neutralize stomach acid.
B)activate pepsinogen to pepsin.
C)protect stomach cells from gastric juices.
D)emulsify fats.
E)denature proteins.

Question 41

Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed?

A)vitamins, minerals, and water
B)carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals
C)fat, protein, and minerals
D)carbohydrate, protein, and fat
E)carbohydrate, protein, and vitamins

Question 42

Villi are found in the:

A)esophagus.
B)stomach.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.
E)colon.

Question 43

Which nutrient takes the longest to digest?

A)fat
B)sugar
C)vitamin C
D)iron
E)magnesium

Question 44

Which food would be digested most quickly?

A)a scoop of lemon sherbet
B)an apple
C)a baked potato with sour cream
D)a piece of cheese on a cracker
E)peanut butter on celery

Question 45

In the GI tract, bacteria produce:

A)amylase.
B)pepsin.
C)mucus.
D)vitamin K.
E)bile.

Question 46

Fats present in the GI tract:

A)slow down the process of digestion and absorption.
B)cause difficulty in digestion.
C)stimulate and hasten digestion and absorption.
D)are carriers of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.
E)stimulate the absorption of minerals.

Question 47

A component of pancreatic juice that functions to neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine is called:

A)bile.
B)a bolus.
C)an emulsifier.
D)intestinal flora.
E)bicarbonate.

Question 48

After absorption, the larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are first released into the ____ transport system.

A)excretory
B)mesentery
C)vascular
D)lymphatic
E)digestible

Question 49

​​ Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves ____, which the body must recycle.

A)water and dissolved salts
B)iron and water
C)protein and sodium
D)water and fiber
E)urea and bile

Question 50

After absorption, the water-soluble nutrients are released directly into the:

A)bloodstream.
B)kidneys.
C)liver.
D)lymph.
E)nephrons.

Question 51

Which substance is not found in a chylomicron?

A)phospholipid
B)protein
C)triglyceride
D)water-soluble vitamins
E)cholesterol

Question 52

Which food would be digested most quickly?

A)sugar cookies
B)peanut butter sandwich and milk
C)stew and cornbread
D)hamburger
E)milkshake

Question 53

Fiber functions to:

A)aid in the absorption of vitamins.
B)produce bacteria in the small intestine.
C)stimulate the GI tract muscles.
D)stimulate the absorption of nutrients.
E)produce chyme.

Question 54

A benefit of fiber is that it:

A)promotes mineral absorption.
B)aids in keeping stools soft.
C)inhibits peristalsis.
D)keeps individual foods from getting mixed together.
E)speeds excretion of toxins.

Question 55

After digestion, lipids are packaged for transport as lipoproteins known as:

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)chylomicrons.
E)triglycerides.

Question 56

Which substance contains no digestive enzymes?

A)saliva
B)gastric juice
C)intestinal juice
D)bile
E)pancreatic juice

Question 57

The microscopic hairs that cover the surface of each cell lining the small intestine are called:

A)intestinal folds.
B)villi.
C)microvilli.
D)lymphatics.
E)microcilia.

Question 58

Which food would be digested the slowest?

A)a piece of toast with strawberry jam
B)a grilled steak
C)a green salad with low-fat salad dressing
D)a cup of green beans
E)a cup of yams

Question 59

The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:

A)stomach.
B)pancreas.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.
E)liver.

Question 60

Which nutrient(s)is/are absorbed into the lymphatic system?

A)fat-soluble vitamins
B)water
C)amino acids
D)glucose
E)glucosamine

Question 62

The lymphatic system:

A)contains fluid with the same composition as blood.
B)eventually drains into the blood circulatory system.
C)carries chylomicrons to the intestines.
D)is where metabolism of nutrients takes place.
E)drains directly into the appendix.

Question 65

Elevated LDL concentrations are associated with a high risk of heart disease because they:

A)transport cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues.
B)carry excessive amounts of fat that is deposited around the heart.
C)encourage high levels of iron in the blood.
D)take excess cholesterol back to the liver, which increases the production of cholesterol.
E)transport cholesterol and triglycerides away from the liver.

Question 69

Cold food should be stored at ____ or less.

A)40° F
B)55° F
C)80° F
D)140° F
E)100° F

Question 70

Which item(s)can cause a foodborne infection?

A)foods containing toxin-producing microbes
B)Clostridium botulinum
C)Campylobacter
D)Staphylococcus aureus
E)too much magnesium

Question 72

Which factor is most instrumental to the optimal health and performance of the digestive system?

A)bicarbonate
B)adequate sleep
C)the glycemic index
D)hepatic shunting
E)enzyme supplements

Question 73

Which recommendation is appropriate for preventing foodborne illnesses?

A)Fresh produce should be washed before it is eaten.
B)Only new sponges and towels should be used in the kitchen.
C)Leftovers can safely be covered and left at room temperature until the next meal.
D)Meats should be marinated at room temperature.
E)Vegetables should be cooked and never eaten raw.

Question 75

To prevent bacterial growth, cooked foods should be kept at ____° F or higher until served.

A)40
B)140
C)165
D)200
E)100

Question 76

Leftovers should be eaten within ____ days.

A)5-7
B)3-4
C)2-3
D)1-2
E)8-10

Question 77

The lipoprotein that contains the greatest proportion of triglycerides is the:

A)HDL.
B)LDL.
C)VLDL.
D)chylomicron.
E)lymph.

Question 78

When nutrients enter the blood vessels from the small intestine, they are first transported to the:

A)kidney.
B)liver.
C)cells throughout the body.
D)thoracic duct.
E)spleen.

Question 79

The ____ is the body's major metabolic organ, serving as a large chemistry lab and creating substances necessary for life.

A)pancreas
B)small intestine
C)gallbladder
D)liver
E)thyroid

Question 80

Elevated HDL concentrations are associated with a low risk of heart disease because they:

A)transport newly absorbed lipids from intestinal cells to the rest of the body.
B)carry cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the rest of the body.
C)carry lipids around in the blood more than LDL.
D)take excess cholesterol and phospholipids from the tissues and return them to the liver.
E)take excess cholesterol and phospholipids to the tissues and away from the liver.