Deck 12: Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Question 1

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a supplement of _____ for all infants who are exclusively breastfed in the first six months of life. ​

A)iron
B)vitamin C
C)folic acid
D)vitamin D
E)vitamin A

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is:

A)goat's milk.
B)cow's milk.
C)iron-fortified infant formula.
D)low-iron infant formula.
E)plain water with a vitamin C tablet.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Infants are given a single dose of vitamin _____ at birth to prevent uncontrolled bleeding. ​

A)A
B)D
C)C
D)K
E)B₁₂

Answer 3

D

Question 4

There are factors in breast milk that protect the infant against infection.

Question 5

The more often a food is presented to a young child, the less likely the child will like that food. ​

Question 6

One clear advantage of breastfeeding is the protection against:

A)oligosaccharides.
B)excessive weight loss later in life.
C)lysozyme infestations.
D)intestinal infections.
E)uncontrolled bleeding.

Question 7

Recommendations limiting fat and cholesterol are not intended for infants or children under two years of age. ​

Question 8

With the possible exception of _____, the vitamin content of the breast milk of a well-nourished mother is ample.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin D
C)thiamin
D)zinc
E)selenium

Question 9

Children forced to try new foods are less likely to try those foods again than are children who are left to decide for themselves. ​

Question 10

Allergic reactions to multiple foods are common, while reactions to single foods are the exception. ​

Question 11

Natural breast milk has _____ that offer the infant immune protection against infections.

A)bacteria
B)antibodies
C)zinc
D)iron
E)DHA

Question 12

An infant who weighs 8 pounds (about 3.6 kilograms)will require about _____ kcalories per day. ​

A)290
B)360
C)420
D)800
E)910

Question 13

Children's food aversions may be the result of nature's efforts to protect them from allergic or other adverse reactions. ​

Question 14

Children who eat nutritious breakfasts function better in school than their peers who do not. ​

Question 15

Restricting dietary sodium causes an immediate drop in most children's and adolescents' blood pressure. ​

Question 16

An infant weighing 7 pounds at birth would normally weigh about _____ pounds at five months of age.

A)8
B)14
C)21
D)28
E)30

Question 17

A child's brain is not affected by iron deficiency until a blood deficit of this mineral develops. ​

Question 18

Breast milk or infant formula normally provides enough water to replace fluid losses in healthy infants.

Question 19

Most standard infant formulas are fortified with:

A)DHA and arachidonic acid.
B)DHA and linoleic acid.
C)linolenic and linoleic acid.
D)DHA and EPA.
E)DHA and linolenic acid .

Question 20

During which life stage are kcalorie needs per unit of body weight the highest? ​

A)infancy
B)toddler years
C)childhood
D)adolescence
E)in utero

Question 21

The introduction of solid foods provides needed _____ for growing infants. ​

A)protein and calcium
B)iron and vitamin C
C)sodium and fat
D)vitamin D and fluoride
E)vitamin C and magnesium

Question 22

A good age to introduce solid foods to infants is:

A)one to two weeks.
B)two to three months.
C)four to six months.
D)one year.
E)two years.

Question 23

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs of a child?

A)Total energy needs increase with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight decline with age.
B)Total energy needs can be met solely by protein intake until two years of age.
C)Total energy needs decrease with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight increase with age.
D)Energy needs remain the same until puberty.
E)Total energy needs and energy needs per kilogram of weight increase with age.

Question 24

To prevent iron deficiency, a child needs _____ mg of iron per day.

A)2-3
B)3-5
C)7-10
D)10-12
E)15

Question 25

Which foods should not be omitted from a baby's diet?

A)canned vegetables ​
B)fresh fruits
C)honey
D)corn syrup
E)cookies

Question 26

A one-year-old child needs about _____ kcalories a day. ​

A)800
B)1000
C)1200 ​
D)1400
E)1600

Question 27

One major consideration in deciding when to add solid foods to the diet of an infant is:

A)the infant's food preferences.
B)how much the infant cries in protest.
C)the need to let allergic reactions take their course.
D)the infant's physical readiness to handle different forms of food.
E)the type of milk the infant is consuming.

Question 28

An important aspect of infant feeding is the prevention of future health problems. This can be accomplished by:

A)encouragement of eating habits that will support a healthy weight.
B)encouraging the infant to eat only those foods she likes.
C)introduction of solid foods as early as possible.
D)forcing the infant to finish her bottle.
E)encouraging the infant to eat, even when he/she is not hungry.

Question 29

Research conducted on preschool children's food intakes has shown that:

A)food energy intake varied very little from meal to meal.
B)the total daily energy intake was highly inconsistent.
C)if they ate more at one meal, they ate less at the next.
D)energy intake decreases as children get older.
E)they avoid fried food.

Question 30

Milk anemia develops when excessive milk intake displaces _____-rich foods in the diet of a young child.

A)calcium
B)iron
C)phosphorus
D)vitamin A
E)potassium

Question 31

Children one to two years of age should drink _____ milk. ​

A)reduced-fat
B)low-fat
C)fat-free
D)whole
E)acidophilus

Question 32

A child who drinks a lot of milk, but does not consume much else, is likely to show signs of:

A)anemia.
B)ariboflavinosis.
C)hypercalcemia.
D)rickets.
E)an allergic reaction.

Question 33

Which cereal is usually introduced first because it is the least allergenic? ​

A)wheat
B)barley
C)oats
D)rice
E)corn

Question 34

Excessive consumption of fruit juice in infants and young children can lead to:

A)excessive flatulence.
B)limited kcalorie intake.
C)poor gut absorption of food.
D)diarrhea.
E)toxicity of the water-soluble vitamins.

Question 35

The foods that help most to meet children's iron requirements are:

A)milk, cheese, or yogurt.
B)dark green, deep orange, or yellow vegetables.
C)prunes, grapes, or raisins.
D)whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads and cereals.
E)seafood of all kinds.

Question 36

What is a risk to infants who are formula fed? ​

A)The infant may not receive all of the nutrients he/she needs.
B)Formula may be incorrectly prepared and cause malnutrition and growth failure.
C)Parents may not be aware that some formulas do not meet FDA requirements.
D)Many infants are allergic to formula.
E)Parents may feed their infant too much formula, which leads to enlarged bones.

Question 37

Which food would provide a child with a rich source of iron? ​

A)ice cream
B)applesauce
C)bean dip
D)cheese
E)crackers

Question 38

Vegan diets must be planned carefully for children, otherwise they may not provide enough:

A)protein.
B)fiber.
C)kcalories.
D)sodium.
E)fats.

Question 39

Nancy consumes fewer kcalories at 14 months than she did at 11 months. This change in appetite probably indicates that she is:

A)ill and needs medical attention.
B)not as physically active now as when she was 11 months old.
C)in a less rapid stage of growth now.
D)becoming malnourished.
E)too picky and probably needs to be forced to eat more.

Question 40

Infants less than one year of age who are being weaned from breast milk should be fed:

A)whole cow's milk.
B)low-iron infant formula.
C)evaporated milk.
D)iron-fortified infant formula.
E)skim cow's milk.

Question 41

The best-known and most widespread effects of iron-deficiency anemia are its impacts on:

A)memory and sleep patterns.
B)growth and athletic performance.
C)behavior and intellectual performance.
D)the immune system and reading level.
E)math and spatial reasoning skills.

Question 42

Children who skip breakfast tend to exhibit:

A)higher energy intakes
B)enhanced concentration.
C)less apathy.
D)lower test scores.
E)higher energy intakes.

Question 43

Children who have a TV in their room are _____ likely to be _____. ​

A)more; underweight
B)less; anemic
C)less; overweight
D)more; overweight
E)less; well-educated

Question 44

Applied to produce in the fields, what may linger on foods and cause adverse reactions in children? ​

A)plastic from crates
B)pesticides
C)wax
D)crop water
E)iron from twist ties

Question 45

Which result is most likely if candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets are permitted in large quantities during the growing years? ​

A)obesity
B)hypertension
C)nutrient toxicities
D)developmental delays
E)anemia

Question 46

When a food protein enters the body and causes an immunologic response, this triggers:

A)a food allergy.
B)a food intolerance.
C)hyperactivity.
D)anemia.
E)ear infections.

Question 47

Which statement is representative of children's food intake and health status?

A)The prevalence of obesity in children is decreasing.
B)The prevalence of obesity in children 6 to 11 years of age and adolescents has tripled over the last three decades.
C)Changes in children's weight status can be largely explained by genetics.
D)The increase in children's weight status can be blamed entirely on poor parenting skills.
E)Children should be more empowered to make their own food choices, because the Internet keeps them informed.

Question 48

Based on data from the BMI-for-age growth charts, children and adolescents are categorized as overweight when their weight is above the _____ percentile.

A)75^th
B)85^th
C)90^th
D)95^th
E)98^th

Question 49

As a strategy to help prevent childhood obesity, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be limited to _____ of television and video time per day. ​

A)30 minutes
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)3 hours
E)4 hours

Question 50

To prevent a child's exposure to lead, you should:

A)allow the child to put old painted objects in their mouth.
B)make sure the child consumes nutritious meals consistently.
C)only cook their meals in cast-iron pans.
D)make infant formula with plain tap water.
E)allow the child to play with crayons made in other countries.

Question 51

The easiest and most practical way to control the amount of candy and carbonated drinks a child consumes is to:

A)prevent the child from knowing of their existence.
B)never let the child visit his grandparents.
C)limit the availability of these items.
D)teach the child that such foods are highly noxious.
E)let the child eat as much as they want until they don't want them anymore.

Question 52

Which food is most likely to cause anaphylactic shock? ​

A)peanuts
B)rice
C)oatmeal ​
D)bananas
E)barley

Question 53

Logan is 14 years old and has a BMI in the 85^th percentile. His mother's BMI is 23, and his father's BMI is 32. Logan's chance of becoming an obese adult is:

A)50%.
B)60%.
C)70%.
D)80%.
E)90%.

Question 54

A child with any of several nutrient deficiencies may display behaviors that cause them to be labeled as:

A)excessively happy.
B)likable.
C)unloved.
D)hyperactive.
E)unclean.

Question 55

Which statement describes hyperactivity?

A)It can be cured with dietary changes.
B)It is caused by consuming sugary foods.
C)It can be cured by eliminating all food additives.
D)It is not always caused by poor nutrition.
E)It is always caused by poor nutrition.

Question 56

One of the most significant effects of long-term hunger on children is:

A)behavioral problems.
B)poor performance in school.
C)apathetic attitude.
D)impaired growth.
E)chronic restlessness.

Question 57

A nutritious breakfast is a central feature of a diet that meets the needs of children and supports healthy _____ and _____. ​

A)weight; behavior
B)maturation; preferences
C)growth; development
D)snacking; consumption
E)functioning; engagement

Question 58

How many ounces from the protein foods group are needed daily to meet nutrient needs for a child who needs 1000 kcal/day? ​

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5 ​
E)6

Question 59

According to USDA Food Patterns, how many cups of milk or milk products are needed daily for a 6-11 year old child eating a 1000 kcalorie diet? ​

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 60

Nutrient deficiencies during childhood:

A)have no effect on future health.
B)can affect a child's mood and behavior.
C)are directly associated with dysfunctional families.
D)are rare.
E)are of little concern, because they tend to make wise food choices on their own.

Question 61

The majority of children who eat school breakfast are:

A)boys.
B)girls.
C)from low-income families.
D)from high-income families.
E)morbidly obese.

Question 62

Children are more likely to eat vegetables that are:

A)not seasoned.
B)cut in small pieces.
C)raw or slightly undercooked.
D)overcooked and very soft.
E)hidden under mashed potatoes.

Question 63

What is the role of genetics in obesity?

A)One is destined at birth to become obese.
B)One inherits the potential to become obese.
C)Obesity genes come from the mother's side of the family.
D)Obesity genes come from the father's side of the family.
E)Obesity genes don't exist; it's being "big-boned" that causes obesity.

Question 64

Which obese teenager would be considered a candidate for surgery?

A)Preston, who has a BMI of 52 and has recently developed type 2 diabetes
B)Jacob, who has a BMI of 30 and has reached physical maturity
C)Darla, who has type 2 diabetes and hasn't yet begun to menstruate
D)Cynthia, who has just enrolled in a weight-loss program for the first time due to her BMI of 50
E)Carl, who has a BMI of 30 and has type 1 diabetes

Question 65

Nutrients often found lacking in teenage groups include:

A)iron, calcium, and vitamin D.
B)vitamin C, sodium, and protein.
C)fat, iron, and fiber.
D)calcium, zinc, and vitamin B_12.
E)zinc, phosphorus, and magnesium.

Question 66

Power struggles over food arise when:

A)parents try to control every aspect of a child's eating.
B)children are allowed to regulate their own food intake.
C)parents don't demonstrate healthy eating habits.
D)children are presented with too many food choices.
E)parents give children only one food choice.

Question 67

At home, where teenagers are frequently snacking, the best strategy for parents is to stock the pantry with:

A)plenty of diet drinks and low-fat snacks.
B)easy-to-grab foods that are nutritious.
C)enough food for only one snack a day.
D)100-kcalorie snack packs.
E)only small ice cream cups, not larger pints.

Question 68

Fatty streaks can appear in the arteries as early as:

A)the first decade of life.
B)the teen years.
C)the thirties.
D)the fifties.
E)after age 65.

Question 69

A good way for an adolescent to build and protect her bones is to:

A)snack on dairy products.
B)eat tuna fish sandwiches for lunch.
C)consume more fiber.
D)choose low-fat snacks.
E)eat a lot of strawberries.

Question 70

Iron intake often does not meet the iron needs of adolescent females because they tend to:

A)eat less iron-rich foods and fewer kcalories.
B)consume more foods that interfere with iron absorption.
C)have a longer growth spurt.
D)develop greater lean body mass.
E)dislike iron-rich foods, because they taste bitter.

Question 71

Because the interactions between parents and children can set the stage for lifelong attitudes and habits, wise parents:

A)do not attempt change.
B)treat their child's food preferences with respect.
C)exert continuous pressure to initiate good food habits.
D)impose their own eating habits on their children.
E)wait until their children start school to initiate changes.

Question 72

The adolescent growth spurt:

A)begins earlier in girls than in boys.
B)affects every organ except the brain.
C)decreases total nutrient needs.
D)causes a greater weight gain in girls.
E)causes the nervous system to misfire during sleep.

Question 73

Adolescents eat about _____ of their meals away from home, which can either enhance or hinder their nutritional well-being based on the choices they make. ​

A)one fourth
B)one third
C)half
D)two thirds
E)three fourths

Question 74

Snacks provide about _____ of the average teenager's total daily food energy intake. ​

A)one third
B)one fourth
C)two thirds
D)three fourths
E)half

Question 75

Children should not be allowed to eat while running because:

A)this increases the child's risk of choking.
B)they should not be allowed to play until after meals.
C)physical activity in children should be discouraged.
D)this increases the child's risk of food allergies.
E)children easily develop stomach cramps when they run.

Question 76

Positive eating habits for a young child can be promoted by:

A)presenting a new food at the beginning of the meal.
B)allowing him to stand and play at the table.
C)making sure he eats all the food he is given at each meal.
D)rewarding him with dessert when he has cleaned his plate.
E)offering him a choice of two new foods at a time.

Question 77

A leading cause of pediatric hypertension is:

A)a low intake of whole-grain foods.
B)obesity.
C)excessive sodium intake from soft drink consumption.
D)type 1 diabetes.
E)a high intake of fruits and vegetables.

Question 78

The Expert Committee of the American Medical Association recommends healthy habits for children and adolescents to prevent obesity in all children.  Those recommendations include:

A)eating together as a family only once per week.
B)limiting the frequency of restaurant meals.
C)learning to eat adult-size meal portions.
D)eating a diet low in fiber and calcium.
E)engaging in at least 90 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day.

Question 79

The most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes in children is:

A)food intolerances .
B)high cholesterol.
C)obesity.
D)food allergies.
E)parents who smoke indoors.

Question 80

Adolescents who eat at home with family members:

A)tend to gain more weight.
B)are less influenced by their peers.
C)consume a more nutritious diet.
D)watch more television.
E)are almost always vegan.