Deck 5: Psychology and Physical Health

Question 1

is the gradual narrowing of the coronary arteries. 

A) Cancer
B) Coronaria
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis

Question 2

Jose tends to suppress or hold back his feelings. He is more likely to_____ about events. 

A) ruminate
B) have heightened negative feelings
C) be depressed
D) all of these

Answer 2

all of these

Question 3

Suppose you read a newspaper article about depression and heart disease. The columnist makes the argument that being diagnosed with heart disease can make people depressed. Knowing the research presented in this chapter, the relationship can be explained by which of the following?

A) A positive correlation exists between heart disease and depression.
B) Heart disease causes depression.
C) Depression causes heart disease.
D) Any of these explanations is possible.

Answer 3

Any of these explanations is possible.

Question 4

Which of the following characteristics is LEAST closely associated with the Type B personality?

A) Patient.
B) Easy-going.
C) Competitive.
D) Relatively relaxed.

Question 5

Recent studies suggest that_____ may contribute more to coronary risk than other elements of the Type A personality.

A) ambition
B) anger and hostility
C) strong competitive orientation
D) impatience and time urgency

Question 6

Transient mental stress appears to_____ a person's risk for a subsequent heart attack.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) have no effect on
D) equalize

Question 7

Atherosclerosis is sometimes called a heart attack. 

Question 8

A lack of social support is a strong predictor of heart disease in women that is linked to hostility. 

Question 9

Liz's physician informs her that she is at a high risk for coronary disease. This is most likely related to her

A) smoking.
B) high blood pressure.
C) diabetes.
D) all of these.

Question 10

Which of the following is known to be the principal cause of coronary heart disease?

A) Diabetes.
B) Atherosclerosis.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) Post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 11

A heart attack is called

A) atherosclerosis.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) a myocardial ischemia.
D) a myocardial infarction.

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the Type B personality?

A) Impatient.
B) Easy-going.
C) Competitive.
D) Time-conscious.

Question 13

Which component of Type A behavior seems to be most responsible for the increased rate of heart attacks?

A) Anger and hostility.
B) Highly driven work goals.
C) Competitiveness.
D) Impatience and time urgency.

Question 14

Even on the weekend, Jerica tends to ruminate about the events that happen at work. The most likely effect of this tendency is__________ . 

A) the Type B personality
B) the Type A personality
C) depression
D) atherosclerosis

Question 15

The leading cause of death in North America is 

A) suicide.
B) homicide.
C) heart disease.
D) automobile accidents.

Question 16

Hank continually loses his temper when waiting in lines. He has very little patience for other people and is driven to be highly successful. Hank's personality is called

A) Type A.
B) Type AeH.
C) hostile subtype.
D) domineering subtype.

Question 17

Type B personalities tend to be patient and easy-going. 

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is MOST closely associated with the Type A personality?

A) Hostile.
B) Patient.
C) Motivated.
D) Cooperative.

Question 19

The Type A behavior pattern of anger and hostility is MOST closely linked to which of the following physical ailments?

A) Asthma.
B) Reduced immune system.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) Coronary heart disease.

Question 20

The name of the condition when the heart is temporarily deprived of adequate blood flow is 

A) atherosclerosis.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) myocardial ischemia.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 21

Researchers have observed a correlation between reduced immune activity and scores on 

A) the Wechsler Intelligence Scale.
B) the Somatic Rating Scale.
C) several occupational interest inventories.
D) the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

Question 22

Which of the following has NOT been found to impair immune functioning?

A) Loneliness.
B) Marital problems.
C) Seeing oneself as low on the social ladder.
D) All of these impair immune functioning.

Question 23

_____refers to malignant cell growth, which may occur in many organ systems in the body.

A) Cancer
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Myocardial ischemia 
D) Coronary heart disease

Question 24

The evidence linking psychological factors to the onset of cancer is statistically significant.

Question 25

Evaluate the following statements regarding the relationship between personality and cancer. According to the research, which of the following is accurate?

A) Type A personality causes cancer.
B) Type C personality is correlated with the onset of cancer.
C) Personality affects the coping response.
D) Personality has no effect on the consequences from cancer.

Question 26

One likely explanation for people's tendency to act in self-destructive ways is that

A) people have an innate desire for sensation-seeking.
B) most people tend to believe that bad things happen to bad people.
C) many health-impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time.
D) people engage in health-impairing behavior "on the spur of the moment," without giving much thought to the consequences.

Question 27

The immune response is__________

A) a series of steps taken by Type A personalities.
B) the body's defensive reaction to invasion.
C) one of the isolation effects of depression.
D) none of these are true.

Question 28

Depression decreases the likelihood of developing heart disease.

Question 29

The strength of the relationship between stress and health is 

A) very weak.
B) weak.
C) modest.
D) strong.

Question 30

Suppose the following four classmates are exposed to a cold virus in the classroom. Which of the four is LEAST likely to get a cold?

A) Aaron, who is currently stressed.
B) Brian, who has a Type A personality.
C) Chris, who is high in agreeableness.
D) Dick, who is asocial.

Question 31

Research has revealed evidence for a cancer-prone personality.

Question 32

Research has shown that stress causes illness. 

Question 33

Taken together, research on stress and physical health can be BEST summarized by which of the following statements?  

A) Stress causes poor physical health.
B) A genetic predisposition causes some people to be more stressed than others.
C) Some people have the cognitive tendency to be more stressed than others.
D) Links between high stress and poor physical health can be explained by many third variables.

Question 34

Depression is associated with heart disease. 

Question 35

In the United States, about_____ % of females and _____    % of males smoke.

A) 15; 21
B) 26; 21
C) 15; 30
D) 30; 30

Question 36

Studies of the human immune system have found that stress is related to increased levels of immune activity.

Question 37

People have a tendency to _____the risk of their own health-impairing habits, and _____the risks associated with others' self-destructive behaviors.

A) overestimate; underestimate
B) underestimate; overestimate
C) accurately view; overestimate
D) underestimate; accurately view

Question 38

Which of the following health problems is NOT linked to stress?

A) Common cold.
B) Herpes virus.
C) Complications of pregnancy.
D) All of these may be linked to stress.

Question 39

In the United States, people tend to overestimate the risks associated with their own self-destructive behaviors. 

Question 40

Who is MOST apt to have an impacted immune function?

A) Ray, whose wife died.
B) Janet, whose house burned down.
C) George, who totaled his car.
D) Beatrice, who cares for her child with cerebral palsy.

Question 41

Weight tends to remain stable as long as there are no long-term factors that influence it. This theory is called 

A) wishful thinking.
B) settling-point.
C) inertia.
D) durability.

Question 42

may increase one's risk for cardiovascular disease.

A) Eating fish
B) Consuming omega 3 fatty acids
C) Avoiding processed meats
D) Eating a low-fiber diet

Question 43

Which of the following has been shown to increase the risk of such diseases as lung cancer, atherosclerosis, and emphysema?

A) Obesity.
B) Smoking.
C) Poor nutrition.
D) Lack of exercise.

Question 44

Which of the following nutritional habits can increase susceptibility to a variety of diseases and health problems?

A) High-salt diets.
B) High-fat diets.
C) Low-fiber diets.
D) All of these.

Question 45

Typically, people are considered obese if their weight as measured by BMI exceeds

A) 15.
B) 20.
C) 25.
D) 30.

Question 46

In America, alcohol appears to contribute to about _____of all automobile fatalities. 

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 65%
D) 80%

Question 47

Obesity is determined by weighing 15 pounds over what is normal for the person's height.

Question 48

Researchers have found that in terms of their weight, adult adoptees tend to resemble their _____ more than their_____.

A) adoptive parents; biological parents
B) biological parents; adoptive parents
C) adoptive siblings; biological siblings
D) biological siblings; adoptive siblings

Question 49

Ahmed maintains a diet high in serum cholesterol, eating an abundance of eggs, cheese, butter, and shellfish. Ahmed may well be increasing his risk of

A) arthritis.
B) emphysema.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) all of these.

Question 50

In our society, alcohol abuse is associated with which of the following?

A) Neglecting responsibilities.
B) Illegal, dangerous behavior.
C) Desire to stop drinking but inability to do so.
D) All of these are associated with alcohol abuse.

Question 51

Research shows that smoking increases the likelihood of developing

A) cancers of the pancreas, larynx, and bladder.
B) cardiovascular diseases.
C) pulmonary diseases.
D) all of these.

Question 52

In order to lose one pound, you need to burn up _____more calories than you consume.

A) 500
B) 1000
C) 3500
D) 5000

Question 53

Research shows that long-term success rates for efforts to quit smoking are about 

A) 10%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 80%.

Question 54

Harry wants to lose 50 pounds. Most experts would recommend that he should 

A) sharply increase his exercise.
B) sharply reduce his food intake.
C) decrease his food intake and increase his exercise, both in moderate ways.
D) sharply increase his exercise while simultaneously reducing his food intake dramatically.

Question 55

High caffeine consumption is likely to elevate one's risk for 

A) depression.
B) hypertension.
C) prostate cancer.
D) all of these.

Question 56

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) data has NOT revealed which of the following plays a role in the majority of smokers' decision-making?

A) Smokers often become irritable when not smoking.
B) Smokers worry about weight gain if they quit.
C) Smokers feel less able to cope with stress if they do not smoke.
D) All of these play a role.

Question 57

Excessive drinking is correlated with which of the following?

A) Heart disease.
B) Stomach cancer.
C) Cirrhosis of the liver.
D) All of these.

Question 58

Which of the following is considered one of the common warning signs of alcoholism?

A) Serving alcoholic drinks to close relatives.
B) Frequently drinking to deal with stress or worry.
C) Having several drinks at a social gathering.
D) Drinking alcohol openly.

Question 59

After quitting smoking for 12 months, people's health rebounds to normal pre-smoking levels.

Question 60

In the United States, college-aged women are_____ likely to smoke than college-aged men.

A) more for males; less for females
B) less for males; more for females
C) more
D) less

Question 61

The main function of vitamins and minerals is to

A) strengthen the immune system.
B) provide energy sources for the body.
C) help release energy from other foods.
D) provide roughage to facilitate digestion.

Question 62

An exercise activity that you find enjoyable

A) is likely to increase the physical benefits of exercise.
B) makes it easier to follow through and exercise regularly.
C) tends to detract from the psychological benefits of exercise.
D) reduces the likelihood that you'll get caught in the "competition trap."

Question 63

It's a good idea to increase consumption of healthy carbohydrates, natural sugars, and ample fiber. You can do this by eating more food from which of the following groups?

A) Breads and cereals.
B) Fish, chicken, turkey.
C) Milk and milk products.
D) Fruits, vegetables, whole grains.

Question 64

HIV can be transmitted

A) through the exchange of bodily fluids, especially semen and blood.
B) by the sharing of needles by intravenous drug users.
C) through unprotected sexual contact with affected individuals.
D) through all of these means.

Question 65

Recent studies suggest that physical fitness is associated with a decreased risk for which of the following?

A) Colon cancer in men.
B) Breast cancer in women.
C) Reproductive cancer in women.
D) All of these.

Question 66

Highly active antiretroviral therapy treatment for AIDS

A) is highly effective in lengthening survival.
B) facilitates HIV developing a resistance to the drugs.
C) has adverse side effects.
D) is all of these.

Question 67

Worldwide, which of the following is the most common mode of transmission of the HIV virus?

A) Sharing food.
B) Heterosexual relations.
C) Sexual contact among homosexual men.
D) The sharing of needles by intravenous drug users.

Question 68

Treatment with which of the following has recently been found to hold promise for substantially longer survival for AIDS victims?

A) Prozac.
B) Exhibitory retrovirus therapy.
C) Intease inhibitors.
D) Highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Question 69

provide(s) roughage that facilitates digestion. 

A) Fiber
B) Protein
C) Vitamins
D) Minerals

Question 70

It is nearly impossible to transmit HIV through casual contact. 

Question 71

In order to foster sound nutrition, one should increase consumption of all but which of the following?

A) Saturated fats.
B) Foods with fiber.
C) Whole-grain carbohydrates.
D) Polyunsaturated fats.

Question 72

AIDS is the final stage of the HIV infection process, which typically manifests itself about_____ years after the original infection.

A) 1 to 2
B) 3 to 6
C) 7 to 10
D) 11 to 15

Question 73

is a collection of processes through which an organism utilizes the materials required for survival and growth.

A) Biopsychology
B) Nutrition
C) Acculturation
D) Mitochondria

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT good advice for devising an exercise program?

A) Increase your participation gradually.
B) Exercise regularly without overdoing it.
C) Look for an activity that you will find enjoyable.
D) Exercising sporadically, but intensely.

Question 75

HIV infection transmission is_____ in male-to-female compared with female-to-male relations. 

A) equally likely
B) about eight times more likely
C) rare
D) about eight times less likely

Question 76

To affect mortality rates, people need to exercise 

A) strenuously on a daily basis.
B) moderately for half an hour, five days a week.
C) strenuously once a week.
D) carefully for the first year.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient essential for physical well-being?

A) Fats.
B) Starchoglycens.
C) Proteins.
D) Carbohydrates.

Question 78

Eric has been feeling depressed and has a lot of tension and anxiety while he looks for a new job. He thinks regular exercise will be of benefit. Given the research, what would you tell him?

A) He's right. Research supports his assumptions.
B) He's right. He needs to get in better shape to get a job.
C) He's wrong. People who are depressed can only be helped by medication.
D) He's wrong. Exercise has nothing to do with improving moods.

Question 79

In heterosexual relations, the transmission rate of HIV is about eight times higher in male-to-female than female-to- male.

Question 80

Immune deficiency syndrome is a disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus.