Deck 11: Digestion and Nutrition

Question 1

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with digested food? ​

A)mucosa
B)circular muscle
C)longitudinal muscle
D)submucosa
E)serosa

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which structure is the end of the digestive system? ​

A)rectum
B)large intestines
C)small intestines
D)anus
E)appendix

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Carbohydrate digestions begins in the ____. ​

A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestines
D)large intestines
E)liver

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which structure begins protein digestion under acidic conditions? ​

A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestines
D)large intestines
E)liver

Question 5

Which portion of the swallowing process is voluntary? ​

A)movement of the tongue
B)contractions of the pharynx
C)depression of the epiglottis
D)peristalsis of the esophagus
E)stretching of vocal cords

Question 6

Which of the following is considered an accessory digestive structure? ​

A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestines
D)large intestines
E)liver ​

Question 7

The process by which glands release enzymes to aid in digestion is ____. ​

A)motility
B)secretion
C)digestion
D)absorption
E)elimination

Question 8

Which layer of the digestive tract contains blood and lymph vessels? ​

A)mucosa
B)circular muscle
C)longitudinal muscle
D)submucosa
E)serosa

Question 9

Humans have the least number of which class of teeth? ​

A)molars
B)premolars
C)canines
D)incisors
E)pre-canines

Question 10

The movement of materials from the lumen to the blood or lymph is ____. ​

A)motility
B)secretion
C)digestion
D)absorption
E)elimination

Question 11

The precursor digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is ____. ​

A)pepsinogen
B)amylase
C)HCl
D)pepsin
E)gastrin

Question 12

Which layer of the digestive tract gives rise to sphincters? ​

A)mucosa
B)circular muscle
C)longitudinal muscle
D)submucosa
E)serosa

Question 13

The first portion of the small intestines is the ____. ​

A)cecum
B)jejunum
C)ileum
D)duodenum
E)appendix

Question 14

During swallowing, which event prevents food from entering the trachea? ​

A)movement of the tongue
B)holding of the bolus of food between the cheek and gums
C)depression of the epiglottis
D)peristalsis of the esophagus
E)secretion of mucus

Question 15

The stomach secretion that aids in vitamin B₁₂ absorption is ____. ​

A)pepsinogen
B)amylase
C)HCl
D)gastrin
E)intrinsic factor

Question 16

Which structure has both endocrine and exocrine functions? ​

A)gallbladder ​
B)stomach
C)small intestines
D)liver
E)pancreas

Question 17

The saliva component that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates is ____. ​

A)mucin ​
B)salivary amylase
C)water
D)pepsin
E)bicarbonate

Question 18

The stomach is involved in four of the following. Which one is NOT a function.of the stomach? ​

A)It begins carbohydrate digestion.
B)It mixes food.
C)It stores food.
D)It begins protein digestion.
E)It regulates passage of food into small intestines.

Question 19

Which saliva component keeps the mouth pH between 6.5-11.5? ​

A)mucin
B)salivary amylase
C)water
D)pepsin
E)bicarbonate

Question 20

The term used to describe partially digested food in the stomach is ____. ​

A)chime
B)bolus
C)rugae
D)gastric juice
E)feces

Question 21

What is found within a small intestinal villus? ​

A)blood and lymph vessels
B)enzymes
C)secretory glands
D)chime
E)smooth muscle

Question 22

The major function of the small intestines is ____. ​

A)motility
B)most nutrient absorption
C)beginning of the digestive process
D)endocrine secretions
E)production of waste products

Question 23

Which of the following is necessary for stomach enzyme activation? ​

A)acetylcholine
B)HCl
C)CCK
D)GIP
E)secretin

Question 24

Which accessory digestive organ produces bile? ​

A)pancreas
B)gallbladder
C)liver
D)duodenum
E)stomach

Question 25

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the ____. ​

A)blood
B)gallbladder
C)liver
D)duodenum ​
E)stomach

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a pancreatic secretion? ​

A)protein digesting enzyme
B)bile
C)carbohydrate digesting enzyme
D)fat digesting enzyme
E)bicarbonate

Question 27

Which factors in chyme influence stomach emptying? ​

A)carbohydrate content
B)protein content
C)carbohydrate and protein content
D)fat and acid content
E)solute concentration

Question 28

The brush border lining of the small intestine is derived from ____. ​

A)rugae
B)villi
C)microvilli
D)autonomic nerves
E)circular smooth muscle

Question 29

Which portion of the stomach is connected to the duodenum? ​

A)esophagus
B)body
C)antrum
D)pyloric sphincter
E)gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 30

Stomach emptying is controlled by the secretion of ____. ​

A)gastrin
B)CCK
C)epinephrine
D)HCl
E)gherlin

Question 31

The liver converts the waste product ammonia to a much less toxic molecule of ____. ​

A)alcohol
B)bilirubin ​
C)cholesterol
D)bicarbonate
E)urea

Question 32

Bile is stored and released by the ____. ​

A)pancreas
B)gallbladder
C)liver
D)duodenum
E)stomach

Question 33

Which accessory digestive organ secretes both enzymes and hormones? ​

A)pancreas
B)gallbladder
C)liver
D)duodenum
E)stomach

Question 34

Which molecule, a product of hemoglobin metabolism, does the liver excrete through bile? ​

A)alcohol
B)bilirubin ​
C)cholesterol
D)bicarbonate
E)urea ​

Question 35

Bile salts surround the end-products of fat digestion to form ____. ​

A)micelles
B)triglycerides
C)cholesterol
D)bilirubin
E)lipoproteins

Question 36

The hepatic-portal system describes the arrangement of blood vessels between the liver and the ____. ​

A)stomach
B)pancreas ​
C)large intestines
D)small intestines
E)heart

Question 37

Which pancreatic secretion works in conjunction with bile? ​

A)protein digesting enzymes
B)secretin ​
C)carbohydrate digesting enzymes
D)fat digesting enzymes
E)bicarbonate

Question 38

The combination of viili and microvilli provides the small intestine with ____. ​

A)a large surface area for digestive functions
B)elastic properties
C)a high enzyme producing capacity
D)motility
E)sensitivity to chyme contents

Question 39

The liver performs all of the following functions EXCEPT for ____. ​

A)secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestines
B)producing bile
C)synthesizing plasma proteins
D)storing excess glucose
E)storing vitamins and minerals

Question 40

Stomach emptying is controlled by ____ moving down the stomach wall. ​

A)gastrin
B)waves of peristalsis  ​
C)spinal cord reflexes
D)HCl secretions
E)rugae

Question 41

Which of the following secretions is NOT found in the duodenum?

A)pancreatic fat digesting enzymes ​
B)bile
C)gastrin
D)bicarbonate
E)pancreatic protein digesting enzymes

Question 42

As food moves into the small intestines, intestinal cells release which hormone to promote insulin secretion? ​

A)gastrin
B)somatostatin
C)CCK
D)secretin
E)GIP

Question 43

Which of the following disorders affects the liver? ​

A)GERD
B)hepatitis
C)diverticulitis ​
D)IBS
E)Chron's disease Chron's disease

Question 44

Most of the nutrient digestion and absorption takes place in the ____. ​

A)stomach
B)duodenum ​
C)jejunum
D)ileum
E)large intestines ​

Question 45

The region of the large intestine that shows immune system functions is the ____. ​

A)cecum
B)rectum
C)appendix
D)sigmoid colon
E)descending colon

Question 46

The small fat droplets surrounded by bile salts are known as ____. ​

A)chylomicrons
B)lipase
C)triglycerides
D)fatty acids
E)micelles

Question 47

The contractions within the small intestines that aid in digestion and absorption are known as ____. ​

A)segmentation
B)peristalsis ​
C)mass movements
D)migrating motility contractions ​
E)haustral contractions ​

Question 48

Which hormone is synthesized by and acts on the stomach? ​

A)gastrin ​
B)somatostatin
C)CCK
D)secretin
E)GIP

Question 49

The major function of bile is to ____. ​

A)emulsify fats
B)digest fats
C)stimulate stomach secretions
D)inhibit stomach contractions
E)aid in amino acid absorption

Question 50

Which of the following secretions is NOT a digestive enzyme? ​

A)bile
B)pepsin
C)trypsin
D)lipase
E)amylase

Question 51

What are fatty acids and monoglycerides converted to inside of intestinal cells at the end of the digestive process? ​

A)cholesterol
B)triglycerides
C)micelles
D)lipase
E)bile

Question 52

In the final phases of digestion, ____. ​

A)the end products are absorbed only into the blood
B)stomach enzymes finish digestive activity
C)the liver releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum
D)the end products are absorbed across brush border cells
E)large proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood

Question 53

The large intestines perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ____. ​

A)absorption of nutrients
B)absorption of water
C)formation of feces
D)absorption of vitamins
E)elimination of feces

Question 54

The enzyme that digests fats is ____. ​

A)bile
B)pepsin
C)trypsin
D)lipase
E)amylase ​

Question 55

Most of the nutrient digestion and absorption takes place in the ____. ​

A)stomach
B)duodenum
C)jejunum
D)ileum
E)large intestines

Question 56

In response to a high fat content in chyme, the duodenum releases ____.

A)gastrin
B)somatostatin
C)CCK
D)secretin
E)GIP

Question 57

The region of the large intestine that stores uneliminated feces is the ____. ​

A)cecum
B)rectum
C)appendix
D)sigmoid colon
E)descending colon

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT an end-product of digestion? ​

A)glucose
B)polysaccharides
C)amino acids
D)fatty acids
E)nucleotide bases

Question 59

Which hormone stimulates pancreatic and gallbladder secretions? ​

A)gastrin
B)somatostatin
C)CCK
D)secretin
E)GIP

Question 60

A decrease in which hormone might cause an overproduction of stomach acids? ​

A)gastrin
B)somatostatin
C)CCK
D)secretin
E)GIP

Question 61

A person with celiac disease is hypersensitive to ____. ​

A)milk products
B)gluten
C)nuts
D)shellfish
E)berries

Question 62

Of the twenty amino acids available for protein synthesis, how many must be obtained by dietary means? ​

A)0
B)2
C)4 ​
D)8 ​
E)10

Question 63

Fats that are manufactured from vegetable oils found in many processed food are known as ____. ​

A)saturated fats
B)unsaturated fates
C)trans fatty acids
D)linoleic acid
E)omega-6 fatty acids

Question 64

Which organ can manufacture most of the fats the body need's from other nutrient sources? ​

A)liver
B)spleen
C)pancreas
D)stomach
E)small intestines

Question 65

Night blindness and skin problems are due to a deficiency of ____. ​

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin E
C)calcium
D)vitamin A
E)thiamin

Question 66

Which of the following is an early warning sign of colorectal cancer? ​

A)GERD
B)celiac disease
C)diarrhea
D)colon polyps
E)diverticulitis

Question 67

The main symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease is ____. ​

A)diarrhea
B)constipation
C)hepatitis
D)intestinal pain
E)heart burn

Question 68

The lipids that cannot be synthesized by the liver are classified as ____. ​

A)saturated fats
B)unsaturated fates
C)essential fatty acids
D)cholesterol
E)trans fatty acids ​

Question 69

Which infectious agent produces explosive diarrhea and foul-smelling belches? ​

A)rotavirus
B)giardia
C)H.pylori
D)intestinal candida
E)influenza

Question 70

Foods that have a high glycemic index ____. ​

A)are more likely to cause a rapid surge in blood glucose
B)include complex carbohydrates
C)are an essential part of a balanced diet
D)have little impact on insulin levels
E)contain large amounts of fiber

Question 71

Weak bones and rickets in children are due to a deficiency of ____.

A)vitamin D ​
B)vitamin E
C)calcium
D)vitamin A
E)thiamin

Question 72

A rotavirus infection is likely to cause ____. ​

A)diarrhea
B)constipation
C)hepatitis
D)colon cancer
E)gastritis

Question 73

Animal fats such as the fat in butter, meats, and cheese are rich in ____. ​

A)saturated fats
B)unsaturated fates
C)essential fatty acids
D)linoleic acid
E)omega-6 fatty acids

Question 74

Which vitamin is found in leafy green vegetables and is necessary for proper blood clotting? ​

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin A
E)thiamin

Question 75

A diet low in fiber can lead to ____. ​

A)GERD
B)hepatitis
C)diarrhea
D)Chron's disease
E)diverticulitis

Question 76

A deficiency of which B vitamin in pregnant woman can cause birth defects? ​

A)riboflavin riboflavin
B)biotin
C)folic acid
D)niacin
E)thiamin

Question 77

Bacteria that cause tooth decay can lead to ____. ​

A)diarrhea
B)constipation
C)hepatitis
D)gingivitis
E)gastritis

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a malabsorption disorder? ​

A)lactose intolerance
B)celiac disease
C)gluten intolerance
D)hepatitis
E)cystic fibrosis

Question 79

Which of the following is an inflammatory disorder that affects the eyes, skin, liver and intestines? ​

A)GERD
B)hepatitis
C)diarrhea
D)Chron's disease
E)diverticulitis

Question 80

Foods made from refined white flour and refined sugars ____. ​

A)promote fat usage
B)include complex carbohydrates
C)are linked to increased risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes
D)have little impact on insulin levels
E)are an essential part of a balanced diet