Deck 22: Genes and Disease: Cancer

Question 1

Which chemical produced by cancer cells promotes blood vessel growth? ​

A)angiogenin
B)interleukins
C)cytokines
D)HCG
E)thyroxine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which term, meaning "new growth," is another name for a tumor? ​

A)dysplasia
B)aplasia
C)heteroplasia ​
D)neoplasm
E)malignancy

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which gene is associated with a predisposition to breast cancer? ​

A)pre-oncogenes
B)haploid genes
C)post-oncogenes
D)p53 gene
E)BRCA1 gene

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which characteristic is associated with a benign tumor? ​

A)rapid growth
B)poor cell differentiation
C)expansion within the same tissue
D)severe dysplasia
E)metastasis

Question 5

The spread of a cancer from one tissue to another is known as ____. ​

A)benign tumor
B)metastasis
C)malignant tumor
D)remission
E)neoplasm

Question 6

A mutation occurring in which cell type can be passed from parent to offspring? ​

A)gamete
B)somatic cell
C)diploid cell
D)stem cell
E)red blood cell

Question 7

Which cancer-causing agent inserts foreign DNA into cells making them cancerous? ​

A)parasites
B)viruses
C)mast cells
D)radiation
E)bacteria

Question 8

The overgrowth of cells in a tissue is ____.  The overgrowth of cells in a tissue is ____.

A)dysplasia
B)aplasia
C)heteroplasia
D)hyperplasia
E)hypertrophy

Question 9

An abnormal change in the sizes, shapes, and organization of cells is ____. ​

A)dysplasia
B)aplasia
C)heteroplasia
D)hyperplasia
E)hypertrophy

Question 10

Cancerous growths appear to grow faster than the tissues around them because ____. ​

A)their mitosis rates are higher
B)they do not stop dividing even when crowding occurs
C)the cancer cells inhibit the reproduction of the surrounding normal cells
D)their mitosis rates are higher, and they do not stop dividing even when crowding occurs
E)the cells in the tissues around them stop dividing

Question 11

The transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells is called ____. ​

A)carcinogenesis
B)cancerogenesis
C)oncogenesis
D)retinoblastoma
E)BRAC 1 activation

Question 12

It is thought that half or more cancers have a mutated or missing ____. ​

A)pre-oncogenes
B)haploid genes
C)post-oncogenes
D)p53 gene
E)BRCA1 gene

Question 13

Nearly everyone has benign tumors in their ____. ​

A)skin
B)large intestines
C)kidneys
D)brain
E)liver

Question 14

Heredity plays a major role in about what percent of cancers? ​

A)1%
B)5%
C)10%
D)25%
E)50%

Question 15

A gene that does not respond to factors that control cell division is a(n)____. ​

A)proto-oncogene
B)pre-oncogene
C)post-oncogene
D)dys-oncogene
E)oncogene

Question 16

A normal gene that codes for proteins involved in cell division is a(n)____. ​

A)proto-oncogene
B)pre-oncogene
C)post-oncogene
D)dys-oncogene
E)oncogene

Question 17

In addition to oncogenes, changes in what other gene is likely involved in cancer development? ​

A)proto-oncogenes
B)pre-oncogenes
C)post-oncogenes
D)dys-oncogenes
E)tumor suppressor genes

Question 18

Which characteristic is associated with cancerous cells? ​

A)well-differentiated
B)large nucleus compared to cytoplasm
C)always encapsulated
D)abnormally slow growth
E)symmetrical growth

Question 19

The presence of which chemical in the blood can indicate that cancer exists somewhere in the body? ​

A)aldosterone
B)interleukins
C)cytokines
D)HCG
E)thyroxine

Question 20

Benign tumors can be life-threatening when the form in which tissue? ​

A)skin
B)large intestines
C)kidneys
D)brain
E)liver

Question 21

Exposure to chromium and ether is linked to ____. ​

A)leukemia
B)lung cancer
C)bladder cancer
D)skin cancer
E)liver cancer

Question 22

What percentage of foods in supermarkets contain detectable amounts of ingredients found in pesticides? ​

A)10 percent
B)20 percent
C)30 percent
D)40 percent
E)50 percent

Question 23

Why is cancer more prevalent in older individuals? ​

A)Cancer cells form at a faster rate.
B)More mutations develop with age.
C)The protective action of cytotoxic T cells breaks down with age.
D)Cancers learn to disguise themselves as "self" with time.
E)Older people tend to be exposed to more dangerous chemicals.

Question 24

Which technique can be used to detect mutated genes? ​

A)DNA probes
B)biopsy
C)x-rays
D)MRI
E)radioactive monoclonal antibodies

Question 25

Blood tests for cancer detect the presence of ____. ​

A)cancer cells
B)DNA
C)carcinogens
D)tumor markers
E)enzymes

Question 26

Pinpointing the location and size of tumors is best accomplished through ____. ​

A)DNA probes
B)biopsy
C)x-rays
D)MRI
E)radioactive monoclonal antibodies

Question 27

Sarcomas are cancers of the ____. ​

A)liver
B)brain
C)bone marrow
D)muscle and bone
E)lymphoid tissue

Question 28

The most common cancer in woman is cancer of the ____. ​

A)blood
B)skin
C)colon
D)lung
E)breast

Question 29

The usual, naturally-occurring mechanism that prevents development of cancer is the action of ____. ​

A)cytotoxic T cells
B)oncogenes
C)radiation
D)chemotherapy
E)carcinogens

Question 30

A malignant melanoma is caused by ____. ​

A)heredity
B)viruses
C)chemical carcinogens
D)radiation
E)weakened immunity

Question 31

The surest way to diagnose cancer is through ____. ​

A)DNA probes
B)biopsies
C)x-rays
D)MRI imaging
E)radioactive monoclonal antibodies

Question 32

Exposure to benzene is linked to ____. ​

A)leukemia
B)lung cancer
C)bladder cancer
D)skin cancer
E)liver cancer

Question 33

Cancer associated with aflatoxin exposure is connected to ____. ​

A)heredity
B)viruses
C)chemical carcinogens
D)radiation
E)weakened immunity

Question 34

Viruses can cause cancer in a host cell by ____. ​

A)disrupting the plasma membrane
B)altering the DNA
C)slowing its metabolism
D)destroying the nucleus
E)removing gene sequences

Question 35

Carcinomas are cancers of the ____. ​

A)liver
B)epithelial linings
C)bone marrow
D)glands
E)lymphoid tissue

Question 36

The carcinogenic chemicals found in greatest concentration in foods are ____. ​

A)heavy metals
B)alcohols
C)PVCs
D)pesticides
E)PCBs

Question 37

The Ames test ____. ​

A)measures UV exposure
B)detects Salmonella levels
C)found there is a cancer epidemic cause by synthetic chemicals
D) found that most cancer-causing chemicals produce mutations
E)measures the relationship between viral infections and cancer

Question 38

Cancers of glands or their ducts are called ____. ​

A)sarcomas
B)leukemias
C)gliomas
D)lymphomas
E)adenocarcinomas

Question 39

Cancers of nerve tissues in the brain are called ____. ​

A)sarcomas
B)leukemia
C)gliomas
D)lymphomas
E)adenocarcinomas

Question 40

The second most common cancer in both men and woman is cancer of the ____. ​

A)blood
B)skin
C)colon
D)lung
E)pancreas

Question 42

Which action is LEAST likely to reduce cancer risk? ​

A)restricting alcohol intake
B)beginning estrogen replacement therapy after menopause
C)maintaining a desirable weight
D)avoiding tobacco
E)avoiding direct sun exposure

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT one of the major treatments for cancer? ​

A)UV light therapy
B)chemotherapy
C)radiation therapy
D)surgery
E)adjuvant therapy

Question 44

The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell is ____________________. ​

Question 45

What therapy aims to disrupt aspects of the normal cell cycle?

A)monoclonal antibody therapy
B)chemotherapy
C)radiation therapy
D)surgery
E)adjuvant therapy

Question 46

Cancer-causing substances that mutate DNA are known as ____________________. ​

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT one of the American Cancer Society's warning signs? ​

A)change in bowel and bladder habits
B)changes in appetite
C)sores that don't hea
D)nagging cough
E)unusual bleeding

Question 48

BRCA1 and p53 genes are classified as ____________________ genes. ​

Question 49

The spread of cancer is called ____________________. ​

Question 50

The radiation used in radiation therapy comes from ____________________. ​

Question 51

Normal genes that code for proteins that act in cell division are ____________________. ​

Question 52

A pap test or pap smear is used to screen for ____________________. ​

Question 53

____________________ is an overgrowth of cells in a tissue. ​

Question 54

Although useful so far only against some rare forms of cancer, interferons activate ____. ​

A)B-lymphocytes
B)dendritic cells and B-lymphocytes
C)natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells
D)helper-T lymphocytes and dendritic cells
E)fibroblasts and B-lymphocytes

Question 55

____________________ therapy combines chemotherapy and surgery. ​

Question 56

Adjuvant therapy combines ____. ​

A)surgery and MRI imaging
B)high dose chemotherapy and X-rays
C)radiation and high dose chemotherapy
D)surgery and low dose chemotherapy
E)surgery and radiation therapy

Question 57

A sigmoidoscopy is used to screen for ____________________. ​

Question 58

What therapy targets cancer cells with cytotoxic chemicals, minimizing side-effects? ​

A)monoclonal antibody therapy
B)chemotherapy
C)radiation therapy
D)surgery
E)adjuvant therapy

Question 59

____________________ is an abnormal change in the shapes, sizes, and organization of cells in a tissue. ​

Question 60

A(n)____________________ growth is potentially harmful. ​

Question 62

Explain how a benign growth in the colon can become a malignant tumor. ​