Deck 20: Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Question 1

How many genes does a Y chromosome carry?

A)100
B)1,400
C)2,800
D)14,000
E)28,000

Answer 1

A

Question 2

During meiosis homologous pairs of chromosomes ____. ​

A)move together to the newly formed cells
B)ultimately create diploid cells
C)are sorted in a dependent fashion
D)may exchange corresponding segments
E)stay in the cytoplasm

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Karyotype analysis ____. ​

A)is a means of detecting and reducing mutagenic agents.
B)is a surgical technique that separates chromosomes that have failed to segregate properly during meiosis II.
C)can be used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and genetic disorders in embryos.
D)replaces defective alleles with normal ones.
E)is used in DNA analysis for paternity.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What explains why even close relatives have a varied mix of genetic traits? ​

A)heterozygous
B)allele variation
C)co-dominance
D)independent assortment
E)gene exchange

Question 5

Which cell type is most often used in karyotyping? ​

A)bone
B)nerve
C)epithelial
D)blood
E)cartilage

Question 6

A female haploid cell has which sex chromosome combination?

A)XX
B)XY
C)YY
D)X
E)Y

Question 7

Chromosomes are most easily identified in which mitotic stage? ​

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 8

A male diploid cell has which sex chromosome combination? ​

A)XX
B)XY
C)YY
D)X
E)Y

Question 9

How many genes does an X chromosome carry?

A)100
B)1,400
C)2,800
D)14,000
E)28,000

Question 10

Which chemical is used to stop mitosis in metaphase? ​

A)AZT
B)histamine
C)UV light
D)eosin
E)colchicine

Question 11

Closely linked genes nearly always end up ____.

A)crossing over
B)assorting independently
C)in the same gamete
D)segregated during meiosis
E)inverted

Question 12

A gene's location on a chromosome is its ____.

A)genotype
B)phenotype
C)diploid number
D)haploid number
E)locus

Question 13

A diploid cell has ____. ​

A)23 chromosomes
B)n sets of chromosomes
C)only the X or Y chromosome
D)23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
E)46 different chromosomes

Question 14

What explains why two genes have a high percentage of ending up in the same gamete?

A)heterozygous
B)allele variation
C)co-dominance
D)independent assortment
E)linkage

Question 15

A haploid cell has how many versions of each allele? ​

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)8
E)16

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true concerning homologous chromosomes? ​

A)There are two of each kind.
B)Each parent contributes one of each homologous pair.
C)Most homologous chromosomes carry the same genes for the same traits.
D)The number of homologous chromosomes is doubled in each generation.
E)Homologous chromosomes pair up during early meiosis.

Question 17

A female diploid cell has which sex chromosome combination?

A)XX
B)XY
C)YY
D)X
E)Y

Question 18

A diploid cell has how many versions of each allele? ​

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)8
E)16

Question 19

Which of the following statements is false? ​

A)Crossing over tends to reduce the frequency that two linked genes are inherited together.
B)Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis increases variation.
C)Crossing over leads to variation.
D)An abnormal number or structure of chromosomes may influence the course of evolution.
E)The closer together genes are found on a chromosome, the greater the chance that crossing over will occur between them.

Question 20

When producing a karyotype homologous the pairs of chromosomes ____. ​

A)are arranged largest to smallest
B)are arranged in alphabetical order
C)are arranged with the X and Y first
D)are aligned horizontally by their centromeres
E)are arranged randomly

Question 21

If a pregnancy has a 1/4 changes of producing a child with a genetic disorder, what are the odds that the next child will also be born with the same disorder?

A)1/4
B)1/8
C)1/12
D)1/16
E)1/1

Question 22

For a woman to get pattern baldness she must ____.

A)have the SRY gene
B)be younger than 40 years old
C)possess two copies of the allele
D)have a sex-limited chromosome arrangement
E)have Y inactivation

Question 23

A carrier for a genetic disorder ____. ​

A)is homozygous recessive
B)shows the recessive phenotype
C)shows no symptoms
D)is homozygous dominant
E)is always male

Question 24

Which chromosome event occurs in females but not males? ​

A)linkage
B)SRY activation
C)homologous pair crossover
D)X inactivation
E)X Y crossover

Question 25

Which of the following conditions is a sex-influenced trait? ​

A)pattern baldness
B)incontinentia pigmenti
C)ectoderm pigmentation syndrome
D)epithelial aggregate syndrome
E)albinism

Question 26

In a pedigree chart, a male who does not demonstrate the trait being studied is represented by a ____.

A)darkened square
B)darkened circle
C)clear square
D)clear circle
E)clear diamond

Question 27

Growth of a man's beard and a woman's breasts are governed by ___ ​

A)sex-linked genes
B)sex-influenced genes
C)sex-exclusive genes
D)sex-limited genes
E)sex-independent genes

Question 28

An inactivated X chromosome is called a ____. ​

A)Barr body
B)polar body
C)SRY body
D)linked chromosome
E)linked body

Question 29

In which condition is the mosaic tissue pattern of females easily observed? ​

A)psoriasis
B)incontinentia pigmenti
C)ectoderm pigmentation syndrome
D)epithelial aggregate syndrome
E)albinism

Question 30

In a pedigree chart, a female who demonstrates the trait being studied is represented by a ____. ​

A)darkened square
B)darkened circle
C)clear square
D)clear circle
E)clear diamond

Question 31

Sex chromosomes do all of the following EXCEPT ____. ​

A)determine gender
B)vary from one sex to another
C)carry some genes that have nothing to do with sex
D)appear in a diploid cell as either XX or XY
E)appear in a haploid cell as either XX or XY

Question 32

Sex influenced traits are influenced by the presence of ____. ​

A)cortisol
B)estrogen
C)testosterone
D)thyroid hormone
E)both estrogen and testosterone

Question 33

A deviation like having an extra toe is considered a ____. ​

A)genetic abnormality
B)genetic disorder
C)syndrome
D)pedigree
E)carrier

Question 34

A genetic condition causing mild to severe medical problems is a ____. ​

A)genetic abnormality
B)genetic disorder
C)syndrome
D)pedigree
E)carrier

Question 35

In a pedigree chart, a male who demonstrates the trait being studied is represented by a ____. ​

A)darkened square
B)darkened circle
C)clear square
D)clear circle
E)clear diamond

Question 36

What term describes the set of symptoms associated with a medical issue? ​

A)genetic abnormality
B)genetic disorder
C)syndrome
D)disease
E)carrier

Question 37

In a pedigree chart what represent marriage/mating between two individuals? ​

A)> sign
B)vertical dashed line
C)horizontal dashed line
D)horizontal solid line
E)vertical solid line

Question 38

A detailed analysis that tracks several generations of a family history is a ____. ​

A)carrier chart
B)pedigree
C)syndrome chart
D)genetic chart
E)karyotype

Question 39

X chromosome inactivation occurs ____.

A)fertilization but before cell division begins
B)just after cleavage begins
C)at implantation
D)gestational week 1
E)just after birth

Question 40

What determines the gender of a fetus? ​

A)presence of an SRYgene
B)presence of X and Y chromosomes
C)absence of an X chromosome
D)the sex chromosomes in the egg
E)the presence of estrogen

Question 41

A chromosome region may be deleted by all of the following means EXCEPT ____.

A)bacteria
B)virus
C)chemical
D)irradiation
E)environmental factor

Question 42

What disease was studied in a famous pedigree analysis that included thousands of people?  ​

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)Huntington's disease
C)cystic fibrosis
D)sickle-cell anemia
E)Turner's syndrome

Question 43

A human X-linked gene is ____. ​

A)found only in males
B)more frequently expressed in females
C)found on the Y chromosome
D)transmitted from father to son
E)found on the X chromosome

Question 44

A female who is heterozygous for hemophilia will ____. ​

A)exhibit the condition throughout her life
B)suffer from bleeding when severely stressed
C)show no signs of the disease at all
D)pass the gene on to all of her children
E)pass the gene on to only her sons

Question 45

Which autosomal dominant condition can be controlled by dietary means?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)PKU
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Marfan syndrome
E)achondroplasia

Question 46

In an autosomal recessive disorder ____.

A)if one parent is homozygous dominant, none of the children will be affected
B)heterozygous dominant genotypes do not survive birth
C)the trait is only expressed in adults
D)a carrier rarely lives long enough to have children
E)the heterozygote condition expresses the trait

Question 47

Which X-linked trait is caused by a dominant mutant allele?

A)hemophilia A
B)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C)red-green color blindness
D)amelogenesis imperfecta
E)testicular feminizing syndrome

Question 48

A color-blind man and a woman with normal vision whose father was color blind have a son. Color blindness, in this case, is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. If only the male offspring are considered, the probability that their son is color-blind is ____.

A)25 percent
B)50 percent
C)75 percent
D)100 percent
E)0 percent

Question 49

Which autosomal dominant condition results in defective connective tissue production affecting blood vessels like the aorta? ​

A)cystic fibrosis
B)PKU
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Marfan syndrome
E)achondroplasia

Question 50

Because of genetic differences in people's responses to medications, there are over 100 different types of ____. ​

A)antibiotics
B)muscle relaxers
C)tranquilizers
D)blood pressure medications
E)stimulants

Question 51

Queen Victoria ____. ​

A)was a carrier of hemophilia
B)had a hemophilic parent
C)had hemophilia
D)married a man with hemophilia
E)both had a hemophilic parent and married a man with hemophilia

Question 52

Which autosomal recessive condition results in accumulation of phenylalanine?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)PKU
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Marfan syndrome
E)achondroplasia

Question 53

If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive gene, she inherited the trait from ____. ​

A)her mother
B)her father
C)both parents
D)neither parent
E)her grandmother

Question 54

The disorder cri-du-chat is caused by a ____.

A)deletion on chromosome 5
B)deletion on chromosome 11
C)translocation between chromosome 8 and 14
D)deletion of one nucleotide
E)third copy of chromosome 21

Question 55

The field of study that focuses on how genes determine an individual's response to a medication is ____. ​

A)pharmacokinetics
B)pharmacodynamics
C)pharmacogenetics
D)pharmacotherapeutics
E)pharmacoeugenics

Question 56

Which of the following points to a recessive X-linked trait? ​

A)it is common in both men and woman
B)a carrier mother has the trait on both X chromosomes
C)a carrier father carries two copies of the gene
D)only a daughter can inherit a recessive allele from an affected father
E)an affected daughter has the trait on one X chromosome

Question 57

If a son expresses an X-linked recessive gene, he inherited the trait from ____. ​

A)his mother
B)his father
C)both parents
D)neither parent
E)his grandmother

Question 58

In an autosomal dominant disorder ____.

A)both parents must be carriers in order for the child to inherit the disorder
B)homozygous recessive genotypes do not survive birth
C)the trait is always expressed at birth
D)a carrier rarely lives long enough to have children
E)the heterozygote condition expresses the trait

Question 59

Which protein is defective in cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A)dystrophin
B)albumin
C)fibrillin
D)fibrinogen
E)fibrin

Question 60

In the disease hemophilia A, a male with a recessive allele ____.

A)is classified as a carrier
B)is always affected
C)has normal clotting unless the situation is severe
D)carries the trait on two chromosomes
E)has a 100% chance of passing the trait to his son

Question 61

Fertilization resulting in a chromosome number of 2n + 1 is ____. ​

A)monosomy
B)trisomy
C)haploid
D)diploid
E)triploid

Question 62

Fertilization resulting in three or more complete haploid chromosome sets is ____. ​

A)monosomy
B)trisomy
C)haploid
D)diploid
E)polyploidy

Question 63

Down's syndrome individuals have how many chromosomes? ​

A)23
B)24
C)45
D)46
E)47

Question 64

In nondisjunction one or more pairs of chromosomes ____. ​

A)are deleted
B)are duplicated
C)undergo translocation
D)undergo random mutations
E)fail to separate

Question 65

Patients with an abnormally long chromosome 9 have ____. ​

A)the Philadelphia chromosome
B)a rare form of eye development
C)hemophilia
D)Down's syndrome
E)a deletion mutation

Question 67

Which of the following represents a normal female phenotype? ​

A)XX
B)XO
C)YY
D)XXX
E)YYY

Question 68

Males that tend to be taller than normal with an otherwise normal phenotype have which chromosomal makeup? ​

A)XX
B)XO
C)YY
D)XXX
E)YYY

Question 70

Compare and contrast autosomal recessive and dominant inheritance. Use a Punnett square to support your answer.

Question 71

About half the fertilized eggs have a lethal condition called ____.

A)polyploidy
B)aneuploidy
C)translocation syndrome
D)nondisjunction
E)euploidy

Question 72

Turner's syndrome individuals have how many chromosomes? ​

A)23
B)24
C)45
D)46
E)47

Question 73

If a chromosome's gene sequence is represented by the letters A - B - C - D - E - F - G before modification and A - B - C - D - L - M - N - O - P afterward, this would be an example of ____.

A)inversion
B)deletion
C)duplication
D)translocation
E)cross over

Question 74

Down's syndrome individuals have trisomy of chromosome number ____.

A)1
B)21
C)45
D)X
E)Y

Question 75

Klinefelter's syndrome individuals have which chromosome makeup? ​

A)XX
B)XO
C)YY
D)XXX
E)YYY

Question 76

Fertilization resulting in a chromosome number of 45 is ____.

A)monosomy
B)trisomy
C)haploid
D)diploid
E)triploid

Question 77

A chromosome's gene sequence that was A - B - C - D - E - F - G before damage and A - B - C - F - G after is an example of ____. ​

A)inversion
B)deletion
C)duplication
D)translocation
E)cross over

Question 78

Turner's syndrome individuals ____.

A)are missing an X chromosome
B)have an extra Y chromosome
C)have 47 chromosomes
D)are always male
E)have XXX sex chromosome variation

Question 79

The condition known as "Philadelphia chromosome" is an example of ____.

A)inversion
B)deletion
C)duplication
D)translocation
E)cross over

Question 80

Match the form of inheritance to the statements below.


​
pattern associated with Tay-Sachs disease