Deck 3: The Greeks in the Polis to CA 350 B.C

Question 1

Define the following terms: hegemon

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: nemesis

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: hubris

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: Sparta

Question 5

Define the following terms: Athens

Question 6

Define the following terms: Classical Greece

Question 7

Define the following terms: Xerxes

Question 8

Define the following terms: oligarchy

Question 9

Define the following terms: helots

Question 10

Define the following terms: Archaic Greece

Question 11

Define the following terms: Peloponnesian War

Question 12

Define the following terms: Crete

Question 13

Define the following terms: demokratia

Question 14

Define the following terms: Minoa

Question 15

Define the following terms: Ionians

Question 16

Define the following terms: Sappho

Question 17

Define the following terms: Mycenaeans

Question 18

Define the following terms: Pericles

Question 19

Define the following terms: Pisistratus

Question 20

Define the following terms: hoplite phalanx

Question 21

Define the following terms: Plato

Question 22

Define the following terms: Sophocles

Question 23

Define the following terms: polis

Question 24

Define the following terms: Homer

Question 25

Every great cultural flowering in history seems to have been preceded by an economic revival. Why do you think this would be the case? What were some elements of Greek economic development beginning in the eighth century B.C.?

Question 26

Discuss the Persian Wars, explaining what they were, when and why they occurred, and what the results were for Persia and for the Greek polis.

Question 27

Define the following terms: Socrates

Question 28

Define the following terms: Solon

Question 29

Define the following terms: arête

Question 30

Summarize the main contributions of Greek culture and thought to Western civilization. Be specific.

Question 31

Define the following terms: Aristotle

Question 32

Define the following terms: comedy

Question 33

What features of Western political thought and practice first developed in the Greek polis?

Question 34

Describe the workings of Athenian democracy. Consider its main governmental institutions, the eligibility requirements for participants, and the way in which officeholders were chosen. How do you think the system would have worked if it had allowed the participation of all Athenians, including women and slaves? Could it have worked at all in that case?

Question 35

Compare and contrast the civilization of Minoan Crete with that of the early Mycenaeans. What were the main differences between the Cretans and the Mycenaeans?

Question 36

Define the following terms: tragedy

Question 37

Define the following terms: Herodotus

Question 38

Define the following terms: Thucydides

Question 39

Describe Spartan society. In what ways did it fit the Greek pattern? How did it differ? How would you characterize life in Sparta?

Question 40

Define the following terms: Sophists

Question 41

In Spartan society

A) newborns were inspected for fitness by public inspectors.
B) males began military training at age 7, served in the secret service between the ages of 18 and 20, and remained in the army until age 60.
C) women were given a public education and a large degree of freedom.
D) sons were schooled from childhood to be soldiers.
E) All of these

Question 42

The Peloponnesian League was

A) an anti-Sparta coalition.
B) a cultural society.
C) the earliest Olympic Games committee.
D) a powerful network of alliances formed by Sparta.
E) an alliance of Greek city-states with the goal to control the growing power of Sparta.

Question 43

The poetry and sculpture of Archaic Greece were characterized by

A) emphasis on the communal rather than the individual.
B) impersonal stylization.
C) some degree of realism and individualism.
D) exact imitation of Egyptian models.
E) emphasis on military victories.

Question 44

Which of the following does not apply to the Minoans?

A) Huge elaborate palace complexes
B) A sophisticated culture
C) A flourishing settlement on the Aegean island of Thera
D) A trading network from the Levant to Sicily
E) The earliest form of Phoenician language

Question 45

The Ionian philosophers were

A) the first people to ask questions about the universe.
B) pioneers in abstract, rational analysis of causality.
C) great inventors of technology.
D) the last of the great Greek philosophers.
E) supporters of the theory of life after death.

Question 46

What is the main focus of the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides? What religious ideas does each of them reflect?

Question 47

Why is Herodotus considered the first Western historian? Is there any significant difference between his work and that of Thucydides?

Question 48

Greek pre-Socratic philosophy included all of the following except

A) an attempt to discover the fundamental element out of which the world is made.
B) a self-avowed love of wisdom.
C) the idea that reality was not the world of the senses.
D) regular, controlled experimentation.
E) the movement away from anthropomorphic explanations.

Question 49

The Mycenaean period was succeeded by

A) the rise of Thebes.
B) the revival of Crete.
C) a cultural renaissance.
D) cultural, economic, and demographic decline.
E) Persian invasions.

Question 50

All of the following are true of early Cretan civilization except

A) it would influence early Greece considerably.
B) the Cretans were literate.
C) in 2000 B.C., Crete was a Greek-speaking island.
D) the Cretans used a syllabary writing system, called "Linear A."
E) most of the evidence of Cretan civilization comes from excavations of the island's palaces.

Question 51

In Archaic and Classical Greece, homosexuality

A) was the ideal romantic love of the male elite.
B) usually involved a major age difference between male partners.
C) was combined with heterosexual marriage and raising a family.
D) was emphasized by Greek sculpture.
E) All of these

Question 52

Lawgivers such as Solon and tyrants such as Cleisthenes helped to develop Athenian democracy by

A) fostering respect for the law.
B) breaking down the aristocracy through equality and mixing.
C) nurturing political stability through ostracism.
D) defusing factionalism.
E) All of these

Question 53

Beginning about 750 B.C., all of the following occurred in the Greek world except

A) a shift from herding to farming.
B) the rise of city-states.
C) colonization of the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts.
D) the Thera catastrophe.
E) an increase in population.

Question 54

After 750 B.C., the main focus of loyalty in Greek Society became

A) the city-state.
B) the family.
C) the nation-state of Greece.
D) the empire.
E) temples and priests.

Question 55

Major political and economic reforms, eventually leading to demokratia , were made in Athens by

A) Solon.
B) the Eupatrids.
C) the Areopagus.
D) the assembly.
E) the thetas.

Question 56

Greek religion included all of the following elements except

A) immortal and powerful humanlike gods.
B) a concept of divine justice.
C) transcendent all-knowing gods.
D) divine intervention in human affairs.
E) building temples for the local patron gods.

Question 57

Summarize and compare the philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. How did they constitute a philosophical dynasty?

Question 58

Which of the following is not true about Greek religion during the Archaic and Classical periods?

A) While the Olympic gods were worshiped, each polis had its own patron deity.
B) Oracles, such as the one at Delphi, were regularly consulted.
C) Piety and humility became irrelevant as faith was questioned.
D) There was a growing emphasis on Zeus's majesty and justice.
E) Greek temples were built and used to hold ceremonies outside the building.

Question 59

Characteristics of Sparta included

A) openness to outside influences.
B) uncompromising pacifism.
C) austerity, militarism, and mixed government.
D) a devotion to scholarly pursuits.
E) vibrant trade with the other Greek city-states.

Question 60

Greek tyrants, often placed in power by hoplite phalanxes, were

A) totalitarian dictators.
B) foreign usurpers.
C) frequently political and social reformers.
D) universally hated.
E) lacking respect because they lacked the status of elite basileis.

Question 61

In Sophocles' Antigone , the heroine

A) struggles to obey divine rather than human law.
B) obeys the laws of the community rather than Zeus.
C) kills her brother and tries to bury him.
D) marries Orestes.
E) commits suicide rather than disobey divine law.

Question 62

Unlike Plato, Aristotle

A) did not believe in absolute standards of good and evil.
B) emphasized observation and classification of facts.
C) advocated democracy.
D) had little influence in later times.
E) relied on visual natural signs.

Question 63

Socrates was interested in

A) scientific research.
B) the art of rhetoric.
C) investigating human virtue and truth through questioning.
D) analyzing politics and writing The Republic .
E) explaining the virtue of arête.

Question 64

After winning the Peloponnesian War, Sparta

A) established a stable new political order.
B) lacked the skills and resources to govern the former Athenian Empire.
C) enjoyed a steady growth of its citizen population.
D) allied with Persia, Corinth, and Thebes.
E) declined as a military power.

Question 65

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 3.2, note the route of Xerxes and his army across the Hellespont and down the Aegean coast of Greece. Why was the Persian fleet necessary to this expedition?

Question 66

With the Persian Wars behind them, the Greeks

A) entered their Classical period.
B) experienced a prolonged war between Athens and Sparta.
C) became conscious of their common culture and developed contempt for foreigners as "barbarians."
D) united into the Delian League.
E) All of these

Question 67

Unlike Herodotus, Thucydides was all of the following except

A) a contemporary of the events he described.
B) concerned with careful observation and historical accuracy.
C) a historian of many ancient civilizations.
D) interested in the effects of war on the human soul.
E) interested in emphasizing primary evidence.

Question 68

Athenian democracy

A) was direct and participatory.
B) depended on a strong executive.
C) gave women the vote.
D) was indirect and representative.
E) elected consuls for life.

Question 69

Plato's philosophical approach may be termed

A) realism.
B) sophism.
C) idealism.
D) Ionian.
E) pragmatism.

Question 70

Greek tragedy included all of the following except

A) the theme pathos mathei (suffering teaches).
B) heroes with tragic failings.
C) comic relief and the occasional happy ending.
D) katharsis (purification of the senses).
E) a serious sense of a real story with a tragic ending.

Question 71

Greek comedy

A) offered a moral commentary on contemporary life.
B) was lively and often obscene.
C) included a play in which women ended the Peloponnesian War by going on a sex strike.
D) was invented in Athens during the Classical Period
E) All of these

Question 72

All of the following are true of Plato except that he

A) believed that truth is found in abstract ideal forms.
B) was interested in scientific observation and experimentation.
C) favored the rule of philosopher-kings.
D) believed in absolute good and evil.
E) distrusted the senses.

Question 73

The Persian Wars were touched off by

A) the Persian burning of Sparta.
B) the Persian occupation of Crete.
C) Macedonian defiance of Darius.
D) Athenian support of the Ionian revolt.
E) Spartan attacks on Anatolian provinces of Persia.

Question 74

Classical Greek culture included

A) an emphasis on public life.
B) a creative tension between the religious and the worldly spirit.
C) the Thesmophoria, a three-day women's fertility celebration.
D) never forgetting to focus on public affairs rather than private life.
E) All of these

Question 75

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 3.2, locate the Ionian states on the Anatolian coast. Would it be a simple undertaking for Athens to supply them with troops?

Question 76

The Sophists were

A) founders of the great philosophic systems of ancient Greece.
B) teachers of rhetoric who valued success over truth.
C) followers of Socrates.
D) historians.
E) law givers.

Question 77

Herodotus's historiai examined

A) peoples in Europe, Asia, and Africa and the Persian Wars.
B) the Peloponnesian War.
C) scientific subjects such as the circumference of the earth.
D) medicine and the four humors.
E) the history of all religions.

Question 78

All of the following are true of Athenian drama except that it

A) originated in festivals to Dionysus, the god of wine.
B) involved open-air performances.
C) was a poetic medium for the ideology of the polis.
D) was the best prose of Classical Greece.
E) affected modern comedy and tragedy.

Question 79

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 3.3, compare the spread of early Greek colonies with that of the Phoenicians discussed in the previous chapter. In what areas did the two colonizing enterprises overlap? Where were most of the Greek colonies concentrated?

Question 80

The Battle of Marathon resulted in

A) a Persian victory.
B) a draw.
C) an Athenian victory.
D) annihilation of the Athenian army.
E) a victory for the Spartan army.