Deck 11: Crisis and Recovery in Late Medieval Europe, 1300-1500

Question 1

Define the following terms: Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: "Day of Wrath and Day of Burning"

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: Medici

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: Joan of Arc

Question 5

Define the following terms: John Wyclif

Question 6

Define the following terms: Hanseatic League

Question 7

Define the following terms: conciliarists

Question 8

Define the following terms: Italian republics

Question 9

Define the following terms: Council of Constance

Question 10

Define the following terms: Great Schism

Question 11

Define the following terms: Agincourt

Question 12

Define the following terms: the putting-out system

Question 13

Define the following terms: Ciompi

Question 14

Define the following terms: Black Death

Question 15

Define the following terms: Hundred Years' War

Question 16

Define the following terms: flagellants

Question 17

Define the following terms: Rising of 1381

Question 18

Define the following terms: Jan Hus

Question 19

Define the following terms: magnates

Question 20

Define the following terms: Henry Tudor

Question 21

Define the following terms: Ottoman Turks

Question 22

Define the following terms: Constantinople

Question 23

Define the following terms: Jagiellonians

Question 24

Discuss the demographic, social, economic, and psychological consequences of the Black Death.

Question 25

How did the political development of France and England differ following the Hundred Years' War? What were some features common to both?

Question 26

Survey the history of the papacy in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; include reasons for the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism, as well as the results of these two crises. Why did the popes of the late fourteenth century tend to concentrate more on the affairs of their own Italian territory and less on other matters?

Question 27

Use the phrase "Day of Wrath, Day of Burning" to describe the Late Middle Ages. What are the advantages and limitations of this approach?

Question 28

Define the following terms: Golden Bull of 1356

Question 29

How did the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella prepare the way for a unified kingdom?

Question 30

Describe the economic changes that Europe experienced in the late Middle Ages. Who were some of the most prominent commercial and banking figures of the period? What areas were involved in cloth production?

Question 31

Define the following terms: Mehmed II

Question 32

Try to sort out the tangled Italian political situation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. What factors led to increased tensions in the cities, and what was the result? What great families came to power in some of the cities, and how did foreign powers come to exercise such influence in Italy?

Question 33

Explain the rise of Moscow.

Question 34

Define the following terms: Spanish Inquisition

Question 35

Discuss the rise of Poland-Lithuania and its emergence as a major power in east-central Europe.

Question 36

Summarize the expansion of the Ottoman Empire through the fifteenth century.

Question 37

Explain the what, when, why, and so what (results) of the Hundred Years' War. Who was mainly responsible for turning the tide for France? What war broke out in England in the aftermath of the English defeat?

Question 38

Define the following terms: tsar

Question 39

Define the following terms: maranos and morescos

Question 40

Define the following terms: Castile and Aragon

Question 41

All of the following apply to the Hussites except

A) they were followers of Jan Hus, a Czech executed for heresy.
B) they demanded, among other reforms, lay consumption of the bread and wine during the sacrament of Communion.
C) they successfully resisted a series of military campaigns by the emperor and reached a compromise with the church.
D) their movement ended with defeat at the Council of Constance.
E) they claimed that the true church was the community of spiritual men and women.

Question 42

How was the art of the Later Middle Ages important as a valuable source to understanding the attitude towards death?

A) It attempts to explain how men and women of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries thought about death.
B) It illustrates the good and bad death motif of the time.
C) A lingering death allowed the dying person a time to atone for his\her sins.
D) Judgment scenes depicted saints or the Virgin Mary contending for the soul of the dying.
E) All of these

Question 43

The crises of the late Middle Ages

A) led to a dramatic economic, social, and political recovery in the fifteenth century and the cultural ferment of the Renaissance.
B) were mainly economic and demographic.
C) resulted in an unprecedented strengthening of the church and a decline in the power of states.
D) led to a new Dark Age.
E) included a war between England and France that affected most of Western Europe.

Question 44

Which of the following, in regard to the Hundred Years' War, is not true?

A) It ranged beyond the borders of English and French territories.
B) It created a rivalry in the support for the pope.
C) A rise in violence was common in many areas.
D) For the first time in military tactics, villages were not affected.
E) Many civilians and soldiers were forced to become mercenaries.

Question 45

During the period of great crisis, the church came into conflict because

A) there was a conflict among kings over who was the legitimate Holy Roman Emperor.
B) secular governments chose to accept the authority only of Benedictine monks.
C) in the aftermath of the papal crisis, the papacy was forced to redefine its place in the political sector.
D) the religious center of Christianity was moved to Paris.
E) popes and patriarchs vied for the power in the Christian Church.

Question 46

France quickly recovered after the Hundred Years' War because the king

A) created Europe's first standing army.
B) attracted the nobility to the royal court.
C) created new law courts.
D) consolidated the power of the throne.
E) All of these

Question 47

The Black Death

A) was brought to Europe by Italian merchants traveling from the Black Sea.
B) may actually have been anthrax or a "hemorrhagic plague" similar to Ebola.
C) continued to return to Europe periodically after its first attack.
D) is being studied through the DNA remains found in mass graves.
E) All of these

Question 48

In the late Middle Ages, the Scandinavian countries

A) had councils of leading landowners to limit royal power.
B) had a substantial class of free peasants who were represented in popular assemblies.
C) were closely tied linguistically, socially, and economically.
D) had popular assemblies that had the right to elect kings, tax, and make laws.
E) All of these

Question 49

By the end of the fifteenth century, most of the city-states of Italy

A) were independent republics.
B) had united into a powerful national state.
C) had fallen under the control of powerful families or of foreign powers.
D) were part of the Holy Roman Empire.
E) became territories of the Vatican.

Question 50

Referring to feature in Chapter 11, "The Written Record: The Inquisition of Joan of Arc," what type of defense and attack was being given in her trial that related directly to her spiritual claims?

Question 51

The Hundred Years' War was caused by all of the following except

A) the prohibition of female succession to the French throne.
B) English claims to French territories.
C) the evolution of nationalism in both England and France.
D) fears of the growing power of the English throne and of a weak king at the time.
E) English superiority in population and wealth.

Question 52

Which of the following is not a part of John Wycliffe's theories on heresy?

A) He believed that the church could be both divine and earthly.
B) He became a critic of the state of the clergy.
C) He believed that Christians should not question church pronouncements and hierarchy.
D) The final authority lay in the Scriptures alone.
E) He felt that every man and woman being in charity was a priest.

Question 53

The Babylonian Captivity of the papacy resulted from

A) the attempts to limit the power of the pope within France.
B) the attempt by the church to free itself from Roman decadence.
C) the Muslim capture of Jerusalem and the last crusader state.
D) the Hundred Years' War.
E) an attempt by the Templar to choose a new pope.

Question 54

The revolutionary Ciompi were

A) a powerful Florentine family.
B) disgruntled conciliarists.
C) unskilled workers in Florence's woolen industry.
D) mercenaries in the Italian Wars.
E) successful in limiting the power of the patricians.

Question 55

The aftermath of the Black Death brought all of the following changes to the European economy except

A) a shift of trade and manufacture from Italy to northern Europe.
B) new entrepreneurial opportunities in a fundamentally conservative society.
C) a permanent improvement in the economic status of women.
D) the emergence of Poland and eastern Germany as major grain exporters.
E) Italian bankers faced competition from bankers in northern Europe.

Question 56

In the decades immediately preceding the Black Death, Europe experienced

A) overpopulation.
B) a significant cooling of the climate.
C) famine and social unrest.
D) low wages, high taxes, and increased cost of living among lower classes.
E) All of these

Question 57

In the last phase of the Hundred Years' War, Joan of Arc

A) failed to accomplish anything significant.
B) captured Paris before returning to her family.
C) was ransomed by a grateful Charles VII after her capture.
D) led French troops to victory at Orléans and Charles to his coronation at Reims.
E) was charged by the English of being sent by the Devil and not God.

Question 58

The Great Schism included all of the following except

A) two and eventually three popes ruling simultaneously.
B) the increasing power of church councils.
C) doctrinal causes.
D) resolution only with the pressure of the German emperor.
E) the Roman populace breaking into the Vatican Palace.

Question 59

Which of the following explains why the English monarchy had difficulty establishing itself?

A) Henry VI was killed in battle.
B) English territory was strongly held by Scandinavians.
C) The War of the Roses led to factional rivalry for the throne.
D) English public life was oblivious to political problems.
E) The Scottish throne broke away from the English by marriage with a French princess.

Question 60

During the years of the Black Death, the flagellants were

A) a group of inquisitors ferreting out the causes of the disease.
B) French officials who punished criminals.
C) foods believed to have caused the disease.
D) groups of self-scourging penitents originating in Hungary.
E) used by the church to crush local civil powers critical of the church.

Question 61

The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella led to all of the following except

A) a determination to create Catholic religious uniformity.
B) marriage alliances with the Habsburg and Tudor families.
C) Jews were forced to immigrate to the New World.
D) the conquest of Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain.
E) increased religious intolerance after the defeat of the Muslims.

Question 62

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Global Record: A disputation," which of the following was not a part of a typical Turkish disputation or debate?

A) The debate takes place before the emperor.
B) The debaters are not allowed to refer to any other prophet but Muhammad.
C) The debate can become rowdy as the debaters throw books at each other.
D) Food and water are served as part of the debate.
E) At the end of the debate, there is a dedication to fight Christianity.

Question 63

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. With the aid of Map 11.2, consider the spread of the Black Death throughout Europe. Where did it first strike? How do you account for the areas that were spared?

Question 64

Which of the following best describes the Holy Roman Empire in the late Middle Ages?

A) A loose collection of states without a common hereditary monarchy, legal system, or coinage
B) A highly centralized, expansionist state
C) A stable empire whose center of power gradually shifted to the southwest
D) The emerging economic powerhouse of Europe
E) Political power tended to shift southward to Switzerland.

Question 65

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. How much of the Balkans had the Turks conquered before 1453, as shown on Map 11.3? Did they hold any of the Mediterranean islands by that date?

Question 66

The Janissaries were

A) Christian heretics who sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire.
B) the sultan's crack troops, originally kidnapped Christians trained to be intensely Turkish and Islamic.
C) Ottoman Turk aristocrats.
D) Muslim "heretics" at odds with the sultan.
E) Christian knights who continued to fight Islam in the Ottoman Empire.

Question 67

Which of the following statements correctly describes the unified Castile-Aragon after the royal marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand?

A) Boundaries were established that were respected by both.
B) Trade duties benefited both areas.
C) Both monarchs enjoyed equal support in both regions.
D) Extradition laws were established to both areas' satisfaction.
E) None of these

Question 68

After conquering Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman Turks did all of the following except

A) restore the prosperity of the city, making it the largest in Europe.
B) claim to be heirs to Byzantine and ancient imperial traditions.
C) continue to push into Europe while neglecting their lands in the Middle East.
D) welcome Sephardic Jews from Spain and Portugal.
E) protect Christian communities.

Question 69

Which of the following did not contribute to the rise of Moscow?

A) Moscow became the center of the Russian Orthodox Church.
B) Novgorod was defeated.
C) The policy of never cooperating with the Tatars
D) Moscow claimed that it had become the new Rome after the fall of Constantinople.
E) The reign of Ivan III

Question 70

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 11.1, note the course of the Hundred Years' War. At what point did the English control the largest area of French territory? Did Aquitaine change hands during the war?

Question 71

Which of the following did not result from the Teutonic Knights' push to the east?

A) Germanization of the lands of eastern Europe not controlled by the Mongols
B) The dynastic union between Poland and Lithuania
C) A major defeat of the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Tannenberg
D) Containment by Poland-Lithuania
E) After the dynastic union, the Polish language and culture had a great influence in Lithuania.