Deck 15: Europe in the Age of Religious Wars, 1560-1648

Question 1

Define the following terms: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: Netherlands

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: High Church

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: United Provinces

Question 5

Define the following terms: Battle of Lepanto

Question 6

Define the following terms: Aragon, Catalonia

Question 7

Define the following terms: Huguenots

Question 8

Define the following terms: Elizabeth I

Question 9

Define the following terms: James I

Question 10

Define the following terms: Sea Beggars

Question 11

Define the following terms: intendants

Question 12

Define the following terms: Louis XIII

Question 13

Define the following terms: Edict of Nantes

Question 14

Define the following terms: Charles I

Question 15

Define the following terms: Puritans

Question 16

Define the following terms: Cardinal Richelieu

Question 17

Define the following terms: Marie de Medici

Question 18

Define the following terms: Petition of Rights

Question 19

Define the following terms: Philip II

Question 20

Define the following terms: Spanish Armada

Question 21

Describe the economic and social changes of the sixteenth century.

Question 22

Define the following terms: price revolution

Question 23

Explain the emergence of the French monarchy, from the instability of the religious wars to the relative stability of the mid-seventeenth century.

Question 24

Define the following terms: Defenestration of Prague

Question 25

Discuss the ascendancy and decline of the Spanish Empire.

Question 26

Define the following terms: Thirty Years' War

Question 27

Define the following terms: gentry and new gentry

Question 28

Define the following terms: William Shakespeare

Question 29

Define the following terms: Devil's mark

Question 30

Summarize the what, when, why, and results of the Thirty Years' War.

Question 31

Define the following terms: baroque

Question 32

Define the following terms: Peace of Westphalia

Question 33

Define the following terms: Jean Bodin

Question 34

Define the following terms: Hugo Grotius

Question 35

Define the following terms: Claudio Monteverdi

Question 36

Define the following terms: Michel de Montaigne

Question 37

In the chapter feature, "The Written Record: A City Official Worries About Witch Hunting," in which way does the Chancellor view witch hunting in Wurzburg? Although he seems to be concerned about the barbarity of it, how does it appear that at the same time, he approves of it as well?

Question 38

Define the following terms: Miguel de Cervantes

Question 39

Explain the challenges faced by the English monarchs, from Elizabeth I to Charles I, and how those challenges were handled.

Question 40

Define the following terms: Peter Paul Rubens

Question 41

All of the following are true about the sending of the Armada to invade England except that

A) the Spanish had the advantage in arms and gunners.
B) Philip was moved to attempt the invasion when Elizabeth executed Mary, Queen of Scots.
C) the tides and currents were in favor of the English.
D) logistical problems prevented the launching of a Spanish invasion force from the Netherlands.
E) the tactics used by the English helped set the future of naval warfare.

Question 42

The Petition of Right (1528)

A) sought to guarantee freedom of worship for both Catholics and Lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire.
B) used conservative arguments to expand parliamentary participation in the English government.
C) was the first stirring of Protestantism in France.
D) took the power of the purse out of parliament's hands.
E) gave the king the power to make arbitrary arrests.

Question 43

The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

A) began the Thirty Years' War.
B) eliminated the Protestant movement in France.
C) showed the degree to which religious differences had strained the fabric of community life.
D) was the direct result of the Edict of Nantes.
E) was seen by Huguenots as the actions of tyrants who had overstepped their legitimate authority.

Question 44

Prior to the English civil war, Charles I

A) attempted to fashion the Church of England into an instrument that would reflect and justify royal power.
B) pursued a peaceful foreign policy in order to expand his authority at home.
C) executed the unpopular Archbishop Laud.
D) won support from William Laud, the leader of the Church of England.
E) All of these

Question 45

The consolidation of royal authority in France during the first half of the seventeenth century

A) involved a nibbling away at local self-government and control of taxation.
B) resulted to a large degree from the efforts of the royal ministers, Sully and Richelieu.
C) included the creation of the office of intendant.
D) increased because of additional revenues from the use of the paulette.
E) All of these

Question 46

Which of the following describes the relationship between Charles I and parliament?

A) Charles's wars were popular with English merchants because they were able to enlarge their markets.
B) Charles ordered parliament not to adjourn until they increased funds for his court.
C) Charles lacked the communication skills to work effectively with the parliament.
D) Members of parliament voted to imprison Charles because he had dissolved parliament.
E) Without proper funds to lead an army against the rebellious Irish, Charles was forced to recognized Irish independence.

Question 47

In the second half of the sixteenth century, England

A) was torn by civil war.
B) witnessed the overthrow of Elizabeth I by Mary Tudor.
C) experienced persecution of Catholics and the rise of Puritan influence.
D) suffered a major defeat by Spain in 1588.
E) witnessed Elizabeth's rejection of the papacy's attempt at reconciliation with the English throne.

Question 48

By the mid-seventeenth century, Spain had lost its pre-eminence in Europe for all of the following reasons except

A) declining shipments of silver from America.
B) the loss of the United Provinces and the failed attempt to permanently annex Portugal.
C) the patent incompetence of its leaders.
D) growing upheaval in its Italian possessions.
E) New World industries began to compete with Spain for markets.

Question 49

Heavy-handed Spanish rule in the Netherlands eventually

A) led to the splitting of the Netherlands and the emergence of the United Provinces in the north.
B) increased tensions between England and Spain.
C) taught Philip which mistakes to avoid in his other restless provinces.
D) pushed loyal areas and subjects to side with the rebellious groups.
E) All of these

Question 50

Which of the following was not related to Philip's attempts to control heresy in the Netherlands?

A) Heretics were burned at the stake and the family estate was taken over by the government.
B) Towns refused to enforce heresy laws believing it would hurt the economy.
C) Nobles fearing the wrath of Philip, enforced the policies on their estates.
D) Protestants held outside meetings and attempted to attract new converts.
E) Calvinists engaged in an iconoclastic fury and stripped Catholic churches of relics and statues.

Question 51

Among the domestic problems of the reign of James I were

A) disunity among Protestants and lack of hostility to Catholics.
B) only minor difficulties, because of his enormous popularity.
C) corruption at court and increased financial trouble.
D) renewed foreign invasion.
E) increased tax demands to pay for the annexation of Bohemia.

Question 52

During the reign of Elizabeth, the Irish encountered

A) success in their struggle for autonomy.
B) the mild and tolerant rule of English governors.
C) religious persecution, confiscation of their land, and brutal suppression by the English.
D) lack of foreign interference in their affairs.
E) a reduction in required monetary and military demands from the English government.

Question 53

The Reformation and Counter-Reformation resulted in

A) an outpouring of Christian love as people of different denominations celebrated the diversity of their faiths.
B) widespread and prolonged wars and civil disorder combined with economic dislocation.
C) tensions that rarely resulted in violence.
D) an almost universal separation of church and state.
E) a period of artistic and creative decline.

Question 54

Arminianism held that

A) sacraments and religious ritual should be abolished.
B) God's grace can be merited by human beings.
C) Calvinism was not rigorous enough on predestination.
D) only Catholicism can be traced to the time of Christ and the apostles.
E) only Puritanism could save the Church of England.

Question 55

Survey the culture of the sixteenth century, focusing on either Montaigne and Shakespeare as examples of literary trends of the period or the characteristics of baroque art.

Question 56

Which of the following does not describe the ascendancy of Philip II?

A) His realm included areas in the New World, the Netherlands, and Italy.
B) The Netherlands was in both religious and political revolt against Spain.
C) Towns, nobles, and provinces resisted the trend towards centralized power.
D) Economic prosperity was able to separate itself from other problems of the time.
E) Stresses of the time demonstrated the material limits of royal power.

Question 57

The French religious wars were precipitated by all of the following except

A) traditional rivalry with the English.
B) a large degree of independence exercised by the nobility, including the right to wage private wars.
C) the failure of the Colloquy of Poissy to reconcile the Catholics and the Huguenots.
D) simmering conflicts among Catholic and Protestant nobles and townspeople.
E) the French monarch's inability to monopolize military power.

Question 58

While the Spanish Empire ruled much of the New World and many wealthy territories in Europe, it met its match in the Netherlands, where

A) nobles, towns, and provinces tried to safeguard remnants of medieval autonomy.
B) religious divisions exacerbated political tensions.
C) economic prosperity and strain compounded problems of central authority.
D) Philip's lack of familiarity with the Dutch pushed them into revolt.
E) All of these

Question 59

The Turkish naval advance in the Mediterranean

A) resulted in the Turkish conquest of southern Italy.
B) was decisively halted at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.
C) was unopposed by the West.
D) caused Spain to pay money to the sultan to avoid a Turkish invasion.
E) was halted in the west, however, the Turks were still the leading power in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Question 60

The Protestant Bourbon Prince of Navarre became King Henry IV

A) after he converted to Catholicism.
B) with the support of the nobility, who were gradually being reconciled to the power of the state.
C) and issued the Edict of Nantes, which extended royal tolerance to the Huguenots.
D) and was unable to solve the problems of religious and political divisions inside France.
E) All of these

Question 61

The Treaty of Westphalia did all of the following except it

A) put an end to religious wars in the empire.
B) recognized the legitimacy of Calvinism.
C) required citizens of an area to follow the religion of the ruler's faith.
D) created a new balance of power in the empire.
E) destroyed the Habsburg as a ruling family.

Question 62

The new organization of cloth production included all of the following except

A) large-scale mechanization.
B) the bypassing of guild production.
C) the employment of urban wage earners and rural pieceworkers.
D) changing power relationships within guilds.
E) control by wealthy investors who had contacts to distant markets.

Question 63

How were women affected by the growth of markets?

A) Women supported their families through outsourcing.
B) Women, especially widows, were excluded from guilds.
C) Women were forbidden to take part in markets
D) Without traditional employment, widowed women were unable to support themselves and children.
E) All of these

Question 64

Economic changes in the period between 1560 and 1648

A) drastically reduced the economic power of women.
B) increased economic stratification in the countryside.
C) increased the ranks of landless peasants in western Europe and of serfs in eastern Europe.
D) resulted in the movement of landless peasants to the cities.
E) All of these

Question 65

To the religious tensions that contributed to the Thirty Years' War were added the factor(s) of

A) foreign intervention.
B) widespread peasants' and workers' revolts.
C) invasion by papal troops.
D) the Turkish sieges of Vienna, Prague, and Augsburg.
E) dynastic rivalries and tensions between rulers.

Question 66

Which of the following is not generally considered to be an effect of the price revolution?

A) A 50 to 100 percent rise in the grain price between 1550 and 1600
B) The collapse of serfdom throughout Europe
C) A growing symbiosis between monarchy and nobility
D) A new class of entrepreneurial landowners
E) Peasant movement to cities

Question 67

The increased persecution of witches was due to

A) the new association of witchcraft with heresy.
B) desperate attempts of local communities to deal with crises.
C) increased poverty.
D) internal concerns from common people with regard to people they found difficult to understand.
E) All of these

Question 68

The most important political consequences of the Thirty Years' War included

A) an increase in the power of the duke of Bavaria.
B) France's territorial gains.
C) the virtual autonomy of the major imperial states and the growing strength of Habsburg hereditary lands.
D) Sweden's acquisition of Baltic territory.
E) the disappearance of smaller principalities and cities.

Question 69

Economic change in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries transformed the character of city governments by

A) increasing the power of privileged landed families.
B) eliminating guild control of many cities.
C) tying town interests more closely to royal interests.
D) changing the character of town councils from commercial interests to landed wealth.
E) All of these

Question 70

The role of common people in the violence of the period can best be described as

A) rare; peasants only resorted to violence when outsiders threatened their communities.
B) very widespread; ordinary people commonly participated in the wars and in violence against enemies, such as heretics, that they perceived to be in their midst.
C) sporadic; seldom did common people resort to violence; when they did, there seemed to be no pattern to their behavior.
D) always led by outsiders such as a reformer preacher or royal officials.
E) often being the result of food shortages and high prices.

Question 71

A novel feature of Montaigne's work was

A) long treatises in support of the Huguenots.
B) a great legal codification.
C) the essay form, in which he analyzed a great variety of subjects.
D) the fact that he had time to produce it, since he was a hard-working peasant.
E) that he shied away from personal reflection and relied solely on documented facts.

Question 72

Which of the following is not true of the increasing poverty of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

A) Riots and revolts were a frequent result.
B) The Reformation renewed Christian ideals of poverty.
C) The poverty came to be seen as a social problem; many of the poor were forced into almshouses and poorhouses.
D) Begging was often outlawed but never eliminated.
E) Caring for the poor became institutionalized and systematic.

Question 73

Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War?

A) Resurgent Catholicism emboldened, in part, by the Jesuits
B) A strongly independent religious tradition in Czech lands
C) A new emperor who lacked the tolerant attitudes of his predecessor
D) Regionalism versus centralization
E) All of these

Question 74

The principles of modern international law were developed by

A) Bodin.
B) Charles I.
C) Hugo Grotius.
D) Monteverdi.
E) Cervantes.

Question 75

Cervantes' Don Quixote

A) was the oral composition of an illiterate man.
B) rejected traditional prose styles.
C) was an experimental drama.
D) reflected both oral and literate culture.
E) was the result of a strong awareness of language that literacy made possible.

Question 76

Jean Bodin wrote on

A) the manners of courtiers.
B) questions of military tactics.
C) the purpose and character of sovereign authority in a state and practical limitations on royal power.
D) the characteristics of baroque art.
E) illegitimate and unholy attacks on the church and divine-right kings.

Question 77

In his plays, Shakespeare was interested in presenting

A) everything but political ideas.
B) only stories drawn from Classical myths.
C) whatever glorified his current patron.
D) many themes, including the rights of subjects and the duties of rulers.
E) the chaos and exploitation of the feudal era.

Question 78

The unprecedented devastation caused by the Thirty Years' War was due to

A) new weapons of mass destruction.
B) earthquakes and hurricanes as well as fighting.
C) new military tactics as well as siege warfare.
D) decisions of the princes to exterminate the peasants.
E) mercenary troops who put their own personal advancement ahead of loyalty to their princes.

Question 79

The price revolution of the sixteenth century was apparently caused by

A) population growth and the influx of New World silver.
B) the lingering effects of the Black Death and its periodic return.
C) the new commercial ethos fostered, in part, by Calvinism.
D) religious wars.
E) growth in the size of peasant farms, which were able to produce cash crops.

Question 80

Baroque architecture may be described as all of the following except

A) dynamic and emotional.
B) energetic.
C) massive and full of movement.
D) severely precise and restrained.
E) depicting greater dynamism in space.