Deck 12: The Renaissance

Question 1

Define the following terms: On the Falsely Believed and Forged Donation of Constantine

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: van Eyck

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: civic humanism

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: linear perspective

Question 5

Define the following terms: Francesco Petrarch

Question 6

Define the following terms: humanism

Question 7

Define the following terms: Pico della Mirandola

Question 8

Define the following terms: Boccaccio

Question 9

Define the following terms: Leonardo da Vinci

Question 10

Define the following terms: Sistine Chapel

Question 11

Define the following terms: Giotto

Question 12

Define the following terms: Dürer

Question 13

Define the following terms: Renaissance

Question 14

Define the following terms: Niccolò Machiavelli

Question 15

Define the following terms: Michelangelo

Question 16

Define the following terms: virtu and fortuna

Question 17

Define the following terms: Brunelleschi

Question 18

Define the following terms: studia humanitatis

Question 19

Define the following terms: Hermes Trismagistos

Question 20

Define the following terms: Classical Antiquity

Question 21

Define the following terms: Uppsala

Question 22

Define the following terms: Utopia

Question 23

Define the following terms: Desiderius Erasmus

Question 24

Define the following terms: Book of the Courtier

Question 25

Define the following terms: Castiglione

Question 26

Define the following terms: Geoffrey Chaucer

Question 27

Define the following terms: movable type

Question 28

How rational was the Renaissance? Discuss the influence of occult and magical texts on writers such as Pico and the popularity of hermetic magic, astrology, and alchemy.

Question 29

Survey the development of Renaissance painting, beginning with the work of Giotto. What were some features of the new style?

Question 30

Summarize the life and work of Petrarch. Why is he considered the "father of humanism"?

Question 31

Define the following terms: Johann Gutenberg

Question 32

Define the following terms: Cracow

Question 33

Define the following terms: Isabella de'Estes

Question 34

Define the following terms: Poszony

Question 35

Define the following terms: Thomas More

Question 36

Discuss the meaning of the term renaissance (including what it does not mean), and explain the characteristic features of the early Italian Renaissance.

Question 37

Define the following terms: Christine de Pizan

Question 38

Define the following terms: patron

Question 39

Describe civic humanism. To what does it refer, and what were its goals? What type of education is associated with it?

Question 40

Consider the work of Machiavelli. How does his outlook differ from that of the civic humanists? Why does the principle that "the end justifies the means" represent a new idea in Western political thought?

Question 41

What works of vernacular literature were produced during the Renaissance? Did they imitate Classical authors as the Italian humanists recommended?

Question 42

What was the main focus of Castiglione's The Book of the Courtier ? Give examples of his recommendations to aspiring gentlemen. Why was the book so popular?

Question 43

The architectural work of Brunelleschi

A) built on the work of Suger.
B) was based on his study of Classical buildings.
C) resembled no style ever used in the past.
D) sought for greater height than that of the Gothic cathedrals.
E) was based on religious themes.

Question 44

All of the following are true of Michelangelo except that he

A) rejected Platonism as irreligious.
B) sculpted a great statue of David.
C) was a supporter of Florentine republicanism.
D) painted the Sistine Chapel.
E) often painted into his work a psychological self portrait concerned with his own spiritual failings.

Question 45

Machiavelli believed

A) like the humanists, that educated people will choose virtue instead of vice.
B) like Petrarch, that rulers should practice Christian virtues.
C) that government must be based on power and that the end justifies the means.
D) that Classical learning would create good rulers and good citizens.
E) that governments must resist change.

Question 46

The movement called the Renaissance included all of the following except

A) a cultural revival intended to revive Classical and early Christian traditions.
B) origins in northern Italy.
C) major advances in the treatment and diagnosis of disease.
D) expansion to the entire West, including Hungary, Poland, and Scandinavia.
E) desire to improve and reform society of the time.

Question 47

Italian humanists tended to believe that realities, such as government, were essentially static and that if change occurred it was by chance ( fortuna ). Most believed that fortuna could only be countered by

A) virtue.
B) piety.
C) ruthlessness.
D) God.
E) law.

Question 48

Discuss the patronage of art during the Renaissance. What role did public institutions play? What were some traits of courtly life in Italy? What connection was there between the rise to power of wealthy families and the proliferation of artworks?

Question 49

Which of the following statements is not true in describing Petrarch?

A) He coined the expression "Dark Ages."
B) He felt that the goal of a philosopher or teacher was to teach the student to be good.
C) He memorized the writings of the classical authors to internalize their values.
D) He recognized the tension between the Christian present and the pagan past.
E) Because of the study of Greek and Roman theology, Petrarch denounced the Catholic Church.

Question 50

All of the following statements involving Petrarch's defense of humanists are correct except

A) humanists believed that the study of classics did not make them less Christian.
B) according to humanists, all that is seen or perceived is made by God
C) by studying the classics, one learns for the sake of knowledge alone but still remains the same man in regard to the belief in God.
D) reading the classics translated into Latin destroys any pagan influence.
E) one could be a Ciceronian, Platonist and still be a Christian.

Question 51

In his On the Falsely Believed and Forged Donation of Constantine , Valla proved that

A) Emperor Constantine had, in fact, given the pope the western half of the Roman Empire to rule.
B) while the document was authentic, spiritual and legal reasons made it invalid.
C) the language in which the document was written indicated it was an eighth-century forgery.
D) the matter of the document's authenticity is irrelevant.
E) the document's use of diadem was not described correctly, and not in use at the time of the document.

Question 52

Humanist fascination with education produced all of the following except

A) a new understanding of language, philosophy, and religion.
B) an intense search for classics that young Roman men studied to become educated Romans.
C) a lending library at the Vatican.
D) the creation of private libraries of the classics.
E) co-educational schools.

Question 53

Pico della Mirandola believed that

A) man's freedom to choose who he will become meant that human beings surpass angels in dignity.
B) all philosophies contained some truth.
C) an original, unified, and divine illumination preceded even Plato.
D) divine wisdom could be found in Jewish as well as Christian and pagan mystical literature.
E) All of these

Question 54

Explain the northern Renaissance.

Question 55

Which of the following statements best describes the Italian humanist attitude toward women?

A) Because of their primitive and volatile nature, women should avoid all exposure to scholarship.
B) Women could be educated, but only in a passive way; they could be patrons of scholarship but not its producers.
C) Since Christianity taught that all are children of God, Roman Stoics believed that both women and men possess reason; women should have the same educational opportunities as men.
D) Women have a better appreciation for subtlety; hence, they are better qualified to be scholars than men.
E) Women should be educated in order to become an active part in the political arena.

Question 56

In humanism, the center of intellectual life was

A) the Bible, the writings of Church Fathers such as Augustine, and recent papal encyclicals.
B) the new scientific thought best exemplified by da Vinci.
C) the pursuit of profit in the expanding commercial economy.
D) poetry, history, and rhetoric based on ancient Greek and Roman forms and values.
E) competition between city states and kingdoms in Italy.

Question 57

Petrarch was a

A) Scholastic philosopher.
B) monk with a zeal for reform.
C) ruler of a small but elegant commune.
D) Classical scholar with an exalted idea of ancient Roman values.
E) critic of the guild system.

Question 58

Leonardo da Vinci was known for

A) abstract painting and nonfigurative sculpture.
B) great literary expertise and humanist accomplishments.
C) construction of the first successful airplanes and submarines.
D) chiaroscuro painting and analytical observation.
E) his emphasis on the classics.

Question 59

All of the following statements describe the evolution of painting as a major art form during the fifteenth century except

A) artists found few classical pieces to study and imitate.
B) the development of linear perspective led to greater interest in painting.
C) the church and society were against any kind of religious figures in painting
D) artists came to terms with the innovations of the earlier period.
E) symbolism could be translated into visual truths, virtues, and beauty.

Question 60

Renaissance Italians had a clear vision as to who they were. How was that vision translated into their daily lives as individuals or as groups?

Question 61

Humanists outside of Italy were

A) more absorbed in Roman history than the Italians.
B) not concerned with local interests.
C) more interested in religious reform.
D) from areas that had been part of the Roman Empire
E) not interested in imitating the past in their work.

Question 62

All of the following are true of Sir Thomas More except that he was

A) a Dominican friar.
B) the author of Utopia .
C) a friend of Erasmus.
D) executed by Henry VIII.
E) indirectly responsible for the persecution of English Protestants.

Question 63

The northern Renaissance's attempt to blend humanism and religion included

A) the development of the Polyglot ("many-tongued") Bible.
B) the rediscovery of early Christian authors.
C) the belief that all philosophies and religions contained universal truths.
D) material and studies that would later become a foundation of the Reformation.
E) All of these

Question 64

Which of the following does not describe the role of art during the Renaissance?

A) Religious
B) A sign of status
C) Emphasis on social criticism
D) Communication of social, political, and spiritual values
E) Revered for its miraculous powers

Question 65

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Global Record: Gentile Bellini Travels to Meet the Turkish Sultan," how did the Muslim Turks, and especially Mehmed II, react to Gentile?

A) The portrait of Emperor Mehmed II by Gentile was the result of an unusual meeting between painter and Islamic leaders of the time.
B) Islam does not allow pictorial representations, but Italian paintings and their artists amazed the Turks.
C) Turks could not believe that any mortal man could present so much divinity in a piece of art.
D) Because the Emperor considered himself a miracle, he forbade any portrait of himself.
E) Not being able to actually pay Bellini for painting a portrait of the Emperor Mehmed II, Bellini was overwhelmed with impressive gifts.

Question 66

As the Renaissance matured

A) secular rulers used it to help define and celebrate their authority.
B) it was blended with religion in a spectacular manner by the popes.
C) it helped to transform the medieval knight into a gentleman.
D) the use of elaborate and sumptuous courts was used to unify culture and ideology.
E) All of these

Question 67

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 12.1, locate as many universities as possible (information from several chapters will need to be included). What generalizations can be made?

Question 68

The invention of movable type by Gutenberg resulted in all of the following except

A) the rise of print shops as centers of culture and communication.
B) the creation of agreed-upon standard editions.
C) the first mass production of playing cards and woodcuts.
D) improved study of rare works.
E) the dramatic expansion of libraries.

Question 69

The spread of humanist culture was greatly aided by

A) the use of printing.
B) the growth of agnosticism and atheism.
C) the preaching of missionaries.
D) the use of a new common language, French.
E) new interests in the past works of great Islamic writers and philosophers.

Question 70

In The Book of the Courtier , Castiglione advised all of the following except that

A) women should organize a court's discussions.
B) grace was inborn in every nobleman and needed to be drawn out.
C) martial and religious values were no longer fashionable.
D) true gentlemen should have an unstudied naturalness.
E) under no circumstances should a woman dominate a debate.

Question 71

In The Book of the City of Ladies , Christine de Pizan

A) addressed the querelle des femmes.
B) stated that women appeared inferior because their education was inferior.
C) stated that male critics could be countered by reason, prudence, and justice.
D) stated that like sons, daughters should also be educated in the natural sciences.
E) All of these

Question 72

The "Prince of Humanists," Erasmus, developed a "Philosophy of Christ" that

A) held that the true essence of Christianity was the life and actions of Christ and that each person was good and rational.
B) condemned all non-Christian philosophies as false but also rejected church authority.
C) was officially adopted as part of the Reformation.
D) was officially adopted by the Catholic Church.
E) criticized Greek and Roman wisdom as being non-transferable to the sixteenth century.

Question 73

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 12.1, note the spread of printing. What areas first adopted the new technology? Where did it spread last, as shown on the map?

Question 74

The Renaissance had a significant impact on all of the following except

A) Sweden.
B) Poland.
C) Hungary.
D) Russia.
E) Austria.

Question 75

Which of the following statements describes how northern art changed in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

A) Religious topics were abandoned and linear perspective was adopted.
B) Austerity and an emphasis on vertical lines gave way to complexity and emotion, while ornate, vivid painting was replaced by an emphasis on depth.
C) It was supplanted by the Italian style and became a business.
D) Religious topics were abandoned and aerial perspective was adopted.
E) Northern art moved away from highly formalized style to a detailed representation of specific places.