Deck 12: Pregnancy and Birth

Question 1

How is the due date for a pregnancy typically calculated?

A) From the last day of the most recent period
B) From the estimated date of ovulation
C) From the estimated date of conception
D) From the first day of the last period

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When a couple is experiencing fertility issues, most often the problems can be traced back to:

A) problems associated with just one of the partners.
B) a combined problem between both partners.
C) unknown causes.
D) psychological issues in the female partner.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which term reflects the perspective that something is wrong with a woman if she doesn't give birth to and care for children?

A) Feminine mystique
B) Glass floor
C) Female paradox
D) Motherhood mandate

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The role of the placenta is to:

A) supply nutrients to the developing fetus.
B) aid in respiratory and excretory functions of the fetus.
C) secrete hormones necessary for the continuation of the pregnancy.
D) All of these

Question 5

What medical procedure can be used for sex selection of an embryo?

A) Microsorting
B) Genetic embryo testing
C) Amniocentesis
D) All of these

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a process that facilitates conception?

A) Female sexual desire peaks at ovulation until just before menstruation.
B) A mucus plug appears in the cervix to trap sperm.
C) Cervical mucus becomes thinner and stretchy.
D) Female orgasm helps draw semen into the uterus.

Question 7

What is the name of the hormone that pregnancy tests detect to indicate pregnancy?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Colostrum
D) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 8

About how long does an ovum live in the female reproductive tract?

A) 6 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 72 hours
D) 1 week

Question 9

At what point of pregnancy does implantation in the uterus typically occur?

A) Within the first 24 hours after fertilization
B) Within 72 hours of fertilization
C) Approximately 5-8 days after fertilization
D) Approximately 10-14 days after fertilization

Question 10

A 25-year old woman could be diagnosed with infertility after having regular unprotected sex and not conceiving after how many months?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months

Question 11

What is an explanation for food aversions that commonly develop during pregnancy?

A) They protect women from eating too much.
B) They protect the fetus from food-borne illness and harmful bacteria.
C) It happens more often in women who are carrying twins.
D) It happens when there is an imbalance of amniotic fluid.

Question 12

What is a common sign of early pregnancy?

A) Tender breasts
B) More frequent bowel movements
C) Increased libido
D) A feeling of stretching of the skin in the abdominal region

Question 13

Jackie has irregular periods; therefore, she did not realize she was already 14 weeks along when she took a home pregnancy test. However, the test was negative. What could explain this?

A) hCG levels peak in the second and third month of pregnancy and then drop off to levels that might not be detected by a home pregnancy test.
B) By the 12th week of pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone have leveled off, so differences in them are no longer detected by a home pregnancy test.
C) Home pregnancy tests are only able to detect changes in a woman's body related to pregnancy for the first 6 weeks of pregnancy.
D) She was using her early morning urine for the test, which tends to be lower in the concentration of pregnancy hormones.

Question 14

What does the term "ampulla" refer to?

A) The mucus plug that assists in the fertilization process
B) The place in the female reproductive tract where fertilization typically occurs
C) A surgical device used during artificial insemination
D) The spike in hormones experienced right after ovulation

Question 15

What is the medical term for the developing human from the second through eighth weeks of pregnancy?

A) Blastocyst
B) Embryo
C) Fetus
D) Zygote

Question 16

Morning sickness is most likely caused by:

A) eating something spicy or rich.
B) increased estrogen and progesterone.
C) growth of the uterus, which pushes on the stomach.
D) amniotic fluid that is passing through the placenta to the mother.

Question 17

Which statement best corresponds to data in your text related to fertility rates?

A) In 2015, the number of registered births showed a 10% increase from previous years.
B) Teen pregnancy continued to be on the rise according to data from 2012.
C) The largest increase in birth rates was among women aged 30-44 years.
D) All of these are true.

Question 18

When two ova are released and both are fertilized by a sperm, what type of twins result?

A) Fraternal twins
B) Identical twins
C) Either fraternal or identical twins
D) Neither, only one egg at a time can be fertilized and twins result if that egg splits in two.

Question 19

If Yasmin is 39 years old and has been actively trying to become pregnant, her health care provider would likely suggest infertility treatment and evaluation after how long?

A) After she and her partner had tried for over 1 year
B) After she and her partner had tried for 2 years
C) After she and her partner had tried for 6 months
D) After she and her partner had tried for 3 months

Question 20

Using information based on what we know about rates of morning sickness across cultures, what statement is most likely accurate?

A) Women who live in wealthier countries experience less morning sickness.
B) Women from underdeveloped countries are more likely to develop morning sickness.
C) Women who are vegan or vegetarians are less likely to experience morning sickness.
D) There are no cross‐cultural differences in experiences of morning sickness.

Question 21

Which of the following has NOT been linked to cigarette use during pregnancy?

A) Miscarriage
B) Low birth weight
C) Prematurity
D) Abnormal facial development

Question 22

Current research found a connection between _______ and an increased risk of having a child with an autism spectrum disorder.

A) use of some antidepressants
B) father's age at time of conception
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these

Question 23

The major organ systems are formed, the circulatory and urinary systems are operating, and the fetus weighs about a half ounce. What stage of pregnancy is described?

A) End of the first month
B) End of the first trimester
C) End of the second trimester
D) Halfway through the pregnancy

Question 24

A pregnant woman begins to feel fetal movement and has more energy and less morning sickness. What stage of pregnancy is she in?

A) The first trimester
B) The second trimester
C) About 8 weeks into the pregnancy
D) About 8 weeks left to go in the pregnancy

Question 25

When will movement of a fetus likely be most frequent and strong?

A) Between 12 and 24 weeks
B) During the seventh or eigth months of pregnancy
C) During the second trimester
D) During the ninth month of pregnancy

Question 26

How does the gamete intra-Fallopian tube transfer (GIFT) procedure differ from in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

A) The GIFT procedure does not use sperm from a partner and only uses sperm from a donor bank, whereas either can be used with IVF.
B) The GIFT procedure uses both donated ovum and sperm, which is fertilized and then placed in the uterus, whereas IVF only uses donor or partner sperm.
C) The GIFT procedure implants the ova and sperm into the woman's body prior to fertilization, whereas with IVF they are transferred to the body after fertilization.
D) The GIFT procedure is basically the same as IVF, except it adds a procedure to test for genetic abnormalities prior to placement in the woman's body.

Question 27

How many weeks is a typical full-term pregnancy?

A) 22 weeks
B) 36 weeks
C) 40 weeks
D) 44 weeks

Question 28

At what point during the pregnancy do many women report an increased sex drive?

A) During the first trimester
B) During the second trimester
C) During the third trimester
D) Most women report little interest in sex during the entire pregnancy.

Question 29

All of the following statements regarding exercise during pregnancy are true EXCEPT:

A) exercise during pregnancy can result in shorter labor.
B) exercise during pregnancy should not exceed pre-pregnancy exercise levels.
C) aquatic exercise is not recommended for pregnant women.
D) sports such as scuba diving and horseback riding should be avoided during pregnancy.

Question 30

What is the procedure called when sperm are collected via masturbation and then deposited in the vagina, cervix, uterus, or Fallopian tubes?

A) In vitro fertilization (IVF)
B) Preimplantation fertility diagnosis (PID)
C) Artificial insemination (AI)
D) Intracellular sperm injections (ICSI)

Question 31

What statement regarding sex during pregnancy is TRUE?

A) Oral sex should be avoided during pregnancy.
B) Some cultures believe semen is essential throughout pregnancy for proper fetal development.
C) While intercourse is safe during pregnancy, orgasm is not and should be avoided.
D) During the first trimester, sexual interest is often at its peak because the couple does not have to worry about becoming pregnant anymore.

Question 32

The fetus is about 13 inches long and 1.75 pounds, resembles a human, and has developed reflexes such as sucking and swallowing. What stage of pregnancy is described?

A) End of the first month
B) End of the first trimester
C) End of the second trimester
D) About 1 month before birth

Question 33

Which nutritional supplement are pregnant women often advised to take?

A) Folic acid
B) Vitamin B6
C) Iron
D) All of these

Question 34

What is one of the reasons the number of ectopic pregnancies has been increasing in the United States?

A) More females are using assisted reproductive technologies to become pregnant.
B) The level of quality nutrition available in the United States has declined.
C) There has been an increase in pelvic inflammatory disease caused by chlamydia infections.
D) The birth rate among teens and unmarried women has been increasing, and these groups are less likely to receive prenatal care.

Question 35

Ryan and Javier are a gay couple who would like to have a baby with a biological connection to them. Which method is their doctor likely to recommend?

A) Oocyte donation
B) Intracellular sperm injections
C) In vitro fertilization
D) Surrogate parenting

Question 36

What is colostrum?

A) The waxy substance that coats and protects the fetus in utero
B) A thick, yellowish fluid, high in protein and antibodies, secreted from the nipples at the end of pregnancy and after delivery
C) A collection of thick mucus in the cervix that prevents bacteria from entering the uterus and is expelled a few weeks before delivery
D) A buildup of neurotransmitters in the woman's body that help inhibit some of the physical pain during labor

Question 37

What is the first organ system to function in the embryo?

A) The digestive system
B) The nervous system
C) The circulatory system
D) The urinary system

Question 38

What statement regarding oral sex during pregnancy is TRUE?

A) Oral sex should be avoided during pregnancy.
B) Oral sex is fine, although air should never be blown into the vagina of a pregnant woman.
C) Oral sex is fine for women under the age of 30.
D) Oral sex is fine for all ages, and there are no risks associated with it.

Question 39

What is the name for the intermittent, relatively painless contractions of the uterus after the third month of pregnancy?

A) Apgar contractions
B) Dilation contractions
C) Naegeles contractions
D) Braxton-Hicks contractions

Question 40

Using cryopreservation techniques, people can choose to collect, freeze, and store ________ for later pregnancy attempts.

A) sperm
B) ovum
C) embryos
D) All of these

Question 41

Statistically speaking, during what time of the year are women most likely to get pregnant?

A) In the spring and early September
B) In the summer and late December
C) In the winter and early May
D) In the fall and late July

Question 42

What percent of all diagnosed pregnancies end in miscarriage?

A) 2% to 5%
B) 5% to 10%
C) 15% to 20%
D) 25% to 30%

Question 43

For how many months does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend babies should be exclusively breast-fed?

A) 9 months
B) 6 months
C) 4 months
D) 12 months

Question 44

What happens during the final stage of labor?

A) Engagement
B) Placenta expulsion
C) Birth
D) Crowning

Question 45

Related to the birth process, what does engagement refer to?

A) The expulsion of the mucus plug from the cervix
B) When the top of the head appears in the vagina
C) When a baby's feet or buttocks are first
D) When the fetus moves into a "head-down" position in the uterus

Question 46

If a baby is born at 24 weeks, what are its chances for survival?

A) Over 75%
B) About 20%
C) Greater than 50%
D) Almost 100% with current technology

Question 47

What percent of babies are born on their due date?

A) 4%
B) 22%
C) 50%
D) 73%

Question 48

Which of the following happens during stage one of labor?

A) Crowning
B) Placenta expulsion
C) Cervical effacement
D) Episiotomy

Question 49

Approximately how many women experience postpartum depression?

A) 2 to 7 percent
B) 10 to 15 percent
C) 20 to 27 percent
D) 30 to 40 percent

Question 50

Regarding sexuality after childbirth, which of the following is true?

A) Most women take up to a year before resuming pre-pregnancy sexual desire and frequency.
B) Sexual intercourse can be safely resumed immediately following delivery.
C) Most physicians advise heterosexual patients who had an uncomplicated delivery to wait 6 weeks postpartum before resuming intercourse.
D) Most women report increased vaginal lubrication up to 6 months postpartum.

Question 51

What factor has been linked to preterm birth?

A) Artificial sweeteners
B) Teen pregnancy
C) Smoking during pregnancy
D) All of these

Question 52

What is the most common chromosomal abnormality resulting in birth defects?

A) Down syndrome
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Spina bifida
D) Autism

Question 53

What percent of babies worldwide are born at home?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 54

When must a birth take place to be considered premature?

A) Before the 35th week of pregnancy
B) Before the 37th week of pregnancy
C) Before the 39th week of pregnancy
D) Before the due date

Question 55

All of the following statements about labor induction are true EXCEPT:

A) since the early 2000s, rates of labor induction have been gradually on the decline.
B) some women choose to have labor induction for nonmedical reasons, such as avoiding birth on a holiday or to accommodate work schedules.
C) based on current research, labor induction is typically not advised for nonmedical reasons.
D) contractions caused by induced labor tend to be more painful and prolonged than those induced through natural labor.

Question 56

Who is likely to have a shorter labor?

A) Kazuko, 25 years old, Asian
B) Janice, 36 years old, White
C) Marisol, 26 years old, Hispanic
D) Gina, 20 years old, Black

Question 57

Which statement is most descriptive of problems during childbirth?

A) The overall premature birth rate in the United States has been increasing over the past decade.
B) The overall rate of C-section deliveries has steadily been declining in the United States.
C) C-section is most often the delivery method of choice for fetuses in the breech position.
D) Most women who have a stillbirth are not able to carry future pregnancies to term.

Question 58

What percentage of premature births account for infant deaths worldwide?

A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 28%

Question 59

What is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester?

A) Ectopic pregnancy
B) Excessive loss of blood due to miscarriage
C) Bacterial blood infections transferred through the placenta
D) Uncontrollable morning sickness

Question 60

What is one of the reasons a mother who is Rh incompatible with her fetus is given the drug RhoGAM after delivery or after an amniocentesis, miscarriage, or abortion?

A) If she is not given the drug, she will not be able to breast-feed her baby or future children.
B) If she is not given the drug, it can be dangerous for future pregnancies and lead to fetal death.
C) If she is not given the drug within the first 12 hours of delivery, she is at risk for developing a serious bacterial infection that could result in death.
D) If she is not given the drug, she will likely become infertile.

Question 61

What is the condition in which a fetus has abnormal heart rate or rhythm?

A) Fetal distress
B) Stillbirth
C) Placenta previa
D) Postpartum psychosis

Question 62

Which of the following is a symptom of an ectopic pregnancy?

A) Cramping
B) Abdominal pain
C) Vaginal bleeding
D) All of these are correct.

Question 63

All of the following are potential causes of miscarriage EXCEPT:

A) drug exposure.
B) yoga.
C) maternal stress.
D) nutritional deficiencies.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of postpartum depression?

A) Changes in sleep, eating, and sexual desire
B) Low energy
C) Anxiety
D) Paranoia

Question 65

What are the effects of an ectopic pregnancy?

A) Rupture
B) Infection or inflammation of the Fallopian tube
C) Internal bleeding
D) All of these are correct.

Question 66

Which term is used to refer to transmen who nurse their babies?

A) Toxemia
B) Preeclampsia
C) Midwife
D) Chestfeed

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breast-feeding?

A) Strengthening of the immune system
B) Increase in infant allergies
C) Resistance to asthma
D) Reduction in tooth decay

Question 68

In the first few days of breast-feeding, the breast releases a fluid called:

A) colostrum fluid.
B) amniotic fluid.
C) cerebrospinal fluid.
D) interstitial fluid.

Question 69

A condition of hypertension during pregnancy is known as:

A) preeclampsia.
B) toxemia.
C) eclampsia.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 70

A form of blood poisoning caused by kidney disturbances is known as:

A) preeclampsia.
B) eclampsia.
C) toxemia.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 71

A fetus that dies after weeks of pregnancy is called a stillbirth. (If it dies beforehand, it is called a miscarriage.)

A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 20

Question 72

In which year did the Internal Revenue Service announce that breast pumps and other breast-feeding supplies were tax deductible?

A) 2010
B) 2011
C) 2012
D) 2013

Question 73

A blood test used during early pregnancy to determine neural tube defects is known as:

A) amniocentesis.
B) chorionic villus sampling.
C) MSAFP.
D) cord blood sampling.

Question 74

The drug given to mothers whose Rh is incompatible with the fetus is called:

A) Paroxetine.
B) Digoxin.
C) RhoGAM.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 75

A congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the halves of the neural arch of a vertebra fail to fuse in the midline is known as:

A) anencephaly.
B) spina bifida.
C) preeclampsia.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 76

In most of the cases, women go into labor approximately _______ weeks after the fetus has died?

A) 1 week
B) 3 weeks
C) 2 weeks
D) 4 weeks

Question 77

Which of the following are symptoms of postpartum psychosis?

A) Depression
B) Hallucinations
C) Delusions
D) All of these are correct.

Question 78

Congenital absence of most of the brain and spinal chord is known as:

A) preeclampsia.
B) anencephaly.
C) spina bifida.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 79

A prenatal test that removes the fetal blood from the umbilical chord to detect fetal abnormalities is known as:

A) amniocentesis.
B) cord blood sampling.
C) chorionic villus sampling.
D) MSAFP.

Question 80

Which is a symptom of miscarriage?

A) Lower back pain
B) Cramps
C) Vaginal bleeding
D) All of these are correct.