Deck 12: The Old South and Slavery, 1830-1860

Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. William Tiler Johnson

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Hinton R. Helper, The Impending Crisis of the South

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. "Fictive" Kin networks

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. George Fitzhugh

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Gang Labor

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Tredegar Iron Works

Question 7

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Yeomen

Question 8

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Plantation agriculture

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Nat Turner Rebellion

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Upper South and Lower (Deep) South

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Internal Slave Trade

Question 12

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. People of the pine barrens

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Gabriel Prosser

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Task system

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Denmark Vesey

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Planters

Question 17

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Cotton Kingdom

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Southern code of honor

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Small Slaveholders

Question 20

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Overseer

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Harriet Tubman, Underground Railroad

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Frederick Douglass

Question 23

What was the largest group of southern whites in the antebellum period?

A) Planters
B) Small slaveholders
C) Nonslaveholding yeomen
D) Urban shopkeepers
E) People of the pine barrens

Question 24

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Upper South and the Lower South?

A) The Upper South depended entirely on cotton, while the Lower South had a diversified economy.
B) Both sections aggressively advocated secession.
C) After about 1830, both were united in their defense of slavery.
D) The Upper South tended to identify more with the North than with the Lower South.
E) Both sections were beginning to industrialize.

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Spirituals

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. free blacks

Question 27

Which list of states contains only states that were part of the Upper South?

A) Kentucky, Tennessee, and Maryland
B) Alabama, Virginia, and South Carolina
C) Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina
D) Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas
E) Tennessee, Mississippi, and Missouri

Question 28

Who led the 1831 rebellion in Southampton County, VA that terrified the South for generations?

A) Denmark Vesey
B) Gabriel Prosser
C) Nat Turner
D) Frederick Douglass
E) John Sambo

Question 29

Which of the following was not one of the reasons that cotton became "king" in the South?

A) It could be grown profitably on any scale, not just on large plantations.
B) Southern climate was suited to cotton cultivation.
C) The growth of the British textile industry had created a huge demand for cotton.
D) Indian removals had made way for southern expansion into the "Cotton Kingdom."
E) It required the use of slaves.

Question 30

What did the typical southern yeoman want?

A) Self-sufficiency with a modest profit
B) Profit more than self-sufficiency
C) Large numbers of slaves
D) Opportunities to invest in northern factories
E) A chance to move to the city

Question 31

Why did Southern education lag behind northern education?

A) The South had no money for schools.
B) Southerners rejected compulsory education.
C) There were too many children to be educated.
D) Slaves demanded to be educated along with whites.
E) Southerners wanted to educate their slaves but did not have the tax base to do so.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of slavery?

A) Family life was very important to a slave's existence.
B) Religion offered slaves hope and a meaning to life.
C) Most slaves gladly accepted the limits on their freedom in return for security.
D) Slaves sometimes protested in small but significant ways.
E) Most slaves worked in agriculture.

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Pidgin

Question 34

Why did factories develop slowly in the South?

A) Slave discipline was difficult to maintain in a factory system.
B) The economic rewards of agriculture were more certain.
C) Industrialization might have disrupted the traditional southern social structure.
D) To raise the capital needed to build factories, Southerners would have had to sell slaves.
E) All of these choices

Question 35

By 1860 what percentage of white southern families owned slaves?

A) 25%
B) 2%
C) 75%
D) 100%
E) 50%

Question 36

How did the Lower South acquire the slaves it used after 1808?

A) It continued to import slaves from Africa.
B) It bought them from plantation owners in the Caribbean.
C) It established breeding centers in northwestern Georgia.
D) It acquired most of its slaves from the Upper South.
E) It arranged for the passage of Africans as indentured servants and then forced them into slavery.

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Black music and dance

Question 38

How would you describe antebellum southern politics?

A) Serious and divisive issues caused fragmentation.
B) Only the Democratic party had any support in the South.
C) An underlying political unity reigned despite conflicts.
D) The political structure was controlled by one social group.
E) None of these choices

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Virginia emancipation legislation

Question 40

What characterized life for most plantation mistresses?

A) Isolation, drudgery, and humiliation.
B) An endless round of parties and dances.
C) Frequent trips to town to buy new gowns.
D) Secret abolitionist activity.
E) Hours of exposure each day to the sun, as they supervised the slaves.

Question 41

In 1860, about what percent of slave owners owned more than 20 slaves?

A) Only about 12 percent.
B) Only about 20 percent.
C) Only about 30 percent.
D) Only about 40 percent.
E) Only about 50 percent.

Question 42

Which of the following words accurately describe the pine barren people?

A) Sullen and unhappy
B) Dependent and angry
C) Self-reliant and independent
D) Racist and wealthy
E) Hungry and sickly

Question 43

Why was the Tredegar Iron Works significant?

A) It was one of the few, large iron producers in the South.
B) It provided the steel to build the skyscrapers in the north.
C) It employed only free blacks.
D) It was one of the few southern companies that used slaves.
E) It was the first of many iron works that developed in the South in the 1840s.

Question 44

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that nonslaveholding southerners supported the slave system?

A) Some hoped to become slaveholders.
B) They accepted the racist assumptions of slavery.
C) They feared what freed slaves might do.
D) They knew that they were outnumbered and had no choice but to support it
E) They felt that their futures were tied to the survival of the system.

Question 45

How had the American slave population changed by about 1830?

A) It had declined.
B) It had become largely African-born.
C) It had nearly doubled.
D) It had become fragmented because of the lack of a common language.
E) It had become predominantly male.

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true of plantation life?

A) Once established, a plantation could basically run by itself.
B) Most fixed costs for plantations were quite low.
C) The fact that plantation families seldom moved created a great deal of stability.
D) The suicide rate was twice the rate of Northern factory workers.
E) Psychological strains compounded economic woes.

Question 47

According to Frederick Douglass, slaves sang most when they were

A) escaping from the plantation.
B) most unhappy.
C) eating their dinner.
D) about to be married.
E) about to be sold to a new master.

Question 48

Which of the following is an accurate statement about slave uprisings in the antebellum South?

A) They occurred frequently.
B) They were infrequent but usually bloody.
C) There were only three, and only one resulted in white deaths.
D) No slave uprising occurred after 1787.
E) Slaveowners had no fear of them.

Question 49

Which of the following was one of the Southern reactions to the Nat Turner rebellion?

A) Protestant missionaries intensified their efforts to convert slaves.
B) Laws restricting free blacks were loosened so that.....
C) Leaders in many Southern cities imposed bans on slaves working in the city.
D) There was a wave of bloody revenge attacks orchestrated by members of the K.K.K.
E) State governments passed laws making it illegal for slaves to read the Bible.

Question 50

Why did the growth rate of the free black population in the South slow after 1810?

A) Fewer southern whites were freeing their slaves.
B) The number of births was declining.
C) Plantation conditions for slaves were improving.
D) Blacks began to view freedom as too dangerous.
E) It became easier for free blacks to move to the North.

Question 51

What shaped relations among whites in the Old South?

A) A complex code of honor
B) A federal code of laws
C) An ancient list of dos and don'ts
D) A strict set of state regulations
E) A historic code of morality

Question 52

Which profession was open to free blacks in the Old South?

A) Carpentry
B) Barrel making
C) Barbering
D) Small traders
E) All of these choices

Question 53

Which of the following is an accurate description of the typical slave diet?

A) Slaves usually suffered from malnutrition.
B) They ate better than whites during the summer, but worse during the winter.
C) It was generally unbalanced, but there was plenty of food.
D) It was vegetarian.
E) It was heavy in seafood but low in grains and vegetables.

Question 54

Most runaway slaves

A) escaped to the North on the Underground Railroad.
B) remained in the South.
C) relocated with the help of northern abolitionists.
D) were recaptured and beaten to death.
E) returned to Africa.

Question 55

Which of the following was one of the hallmarks of the West African cultures from which many American slaves had originated?

A) Broad kinship ties
B) Loose standards of morality
C) Lack of a work ethic
D) No knowledge of relatives
E) An overriding parent-child bond

Question 56

Why were some slaves allowed to work in towns or cities?

A) Slaveowners needed the extra income.
B) Slaveowners usually did not have enough work for them to do on the plantation.
C) Southern reformers wanted slaves to learn new skills for later in life.
D) Slaveowners believed that it would be a way for slaves to "let off some steam" and would therefore prevent slave uprisings.
E) They were in steady demand to work in ports, on the rivers, and in mining and lumbering.

Question 57

Which of the following was a common form of slave resistance?

A) Armed uprisings
B) Escape to freedom in the North
C) Work stoppages
D) Refusal to marry
E) Murder

Question 58

Which of the following was one of the few groups in the Old South to reject the dueling, brawling, and drinking of southern society?

A) The people of the pine barrens
B) Plantation mistresses.
C) Evangelical churches
D) State legislatures
E) Lawyers of the Lower South

Question 59

In The Impending Crisis of the South , Hinton Helper argued that

A) popular sovereignty was the solution to the nation's crisis.
B) the South had to secede from the Union.
C) nonslaveholders should abolish slavery in their own interest.
D) the Republican party wanted to enslave the South.
E) the South had to industrialize to survive.

Question 60

Where did over half of all free blacks in the Lower South live?

A) In rural areas
B) In cities
C) On plantations
D) In shacks on river banks or near railroad lines
E) In small coastal villages

Question 61

What was Pidgin?

A) It was a language forced upon the slaves by their white masters.
B) It was a language developed by American-born slaves.
C) It was an area in Africa where most slaves originated.
D) It was a food preferred by most coastal slaves.
E) It was a secret tongue used in slave resistance.

Question 62

Describe life for the planter and plantation mistress on a large antebellum plantation. What were the economic challenges that faced the large planters?

Question 63

Which of the following is not a reason why the Upper South tended to identify with the Lower South rather than with the North?

A) The settlers in the Lower South had come from the Upper South.
B) Abolitionist criticism drew southerners together.
C) Railroads linked Upper and Lower South.
D) All southerners benefited from the three-fifths compromise in the Constitution.
E) The Upper and Lower South were tied economically.

Question 64

The Underground Railroad

A) provided an effective way for slaves to escape.
B) an effort to help slaves to escape, but it had only limited success.
C) offered slaves the opportunity to leave a plantation for a few days before returning.
D) helped close to 25,000 slaves escape to the North.
E) was largely financed by wealthy southern abolitionists.

Question 65

What was an overseer?

A) He was a spiritual guide for many slaves.
B) He was a slave owner's assistant who managed the discipline and punishment on a plantation.
C) He was the most respected black slave on the plantation.
D) He was one of the rare white slaves that was owned in the South.
E) He was a free black who owned slaves.

Question 66

Compare and contrast the four major southern white social groups in terms of economic goals, attitudes toward slavery, and political aspirations.

Question 67

Which of the following is not a reason that music and dance were important to slaves?

A) They allowed slaves to demonstrate religious beliefs.
B) They allowed slaves to lessen the tedium of work.
C) They allowed slaves to express the sorrows of slavery.
D) They allowed slaves to call for deliverance from earthly travails.
E) They allowed slaves to use church music as coded signals to begin an uprising.

Question 68

Explore why the Southern slave population grew so dramatically in the antebellum period. Where did most slaves come from? How important were diet and life expectancy to the growth in the number of slaves?

Question 69

Explain the southern proslavery argument, and account for why it continued despite abolitionist criticism. Why did southerners increasingly defend slavery as a positive good rather than simply a necessary evil? Why did southern pro-emancipation sentiment decline?

Question 70

Was king cotton a benefit or a hindrance to the South's development? Explain by examining such topics as economic diversification, cotton and the environment, and plantation life.

Question 71

What was the religion of the majority of slaves when they were transported from Africa to the United States?

A) Catholic
B) Muslim
C) A variety of native religions
D) Protestant
E) Hindu

Question 72

Which of the following was the most interracial institution in the Old South?

A) Grammar school
B) Voluntary organization
C) Church
D) Fraternity
E) College

Question 73

The North and South during the antebellum period were often seen as two distinct nations, having very little in common. To what extent was that "true" ? Compare the social, economic, and political structures of the two sections. How did northerners and southerners differ over industrialization and education?

Question 74

Explain why there were so few slave uprisings in the antebellum South, and why the Nat Turner rebellion scared the south so much.

Question 75

What was unusual about William Tiler Johnson?

A) He ran a plantation where he allowed his slaves to do extra work to earn their freedom.
B) He was the only black man in the South to hold an elected office.
C) He was one of the few southerners who supported the Underground Railroad.
D) He was a free black who owned slaves.
E) He was a white minister who spoke out against slavery.

Question 76

Analyze how slaves attempted to deal with slavery. What gave slaves hope? How important were religion and family life to slaves? How did slaves attempt to shape their own culture? How did slaves attempt to resist?

Question 77

Compare and contrast the Upper South with the Lower South. In what ways were they similar and different? Why did they possess a basic political unity that was destined to put them in political opposition to the North?

Question 78

Who was the famous American who, as a slave, borrowed sailor's papers and escaped from Baltimore to New York City in 1838?

A) Frederick Douglass
B) Gabriel Prosser
C) Hinton Helter
D) Fitzhugh Pidgin
E) Denmark Vesey

Question 79

What was the status of the black slave family?

A) Children and mothers were kept together.
B) It had no legal status.
C) It was the institution that kept the slave system functioning for many generations.
D) It was the same as that of free white families.
E) Extended families spanning several generations were common.

Question 80

Describe daily life for a typical plantation slave. What were the characteristics of the slave's health and diet, and the nature and structure of the slave family? How much practical freedom did a slave enjoy?